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Parts of the plant and their
functions
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Importance of plants
• Without plants life on earth would not exist
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Plants
• Primary source of food for people and
animals
• Produce oxygen
• Help to keep us cool
• Renew the air
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Plants
• Slow wind speed
• Provide a home for wildlife
• Beautify surroundings
• Perfume the air
• Furnish building materials and fuel
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Parts of a plant
• Four basic parts
–leaves
–stems
–roots
–flowers
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Leaves
• The food factory of the plant
• Produce the food used by the plant or
stored for later use
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Shape and size of leaves
• Vary among plants
• Used for identification of plants
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Leaf arrangement
• Alternate
• Opposite
• Whorled
–Arranged in a circle around the stem
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External leaf structure
• Petiole - leaf stalk
• Leaf blade (leaf)
–Has veins
–Forms structural framework of the leaf
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Midrib
• Large center vein from which all other leaf
veins extend
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Margins
• Edges of leaves
• Assists in plant identification
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Internal leaf structure
• Epidermis
–Skin of the leaf
–Single layer of cells
–Protects leaf from loss of too much moisture
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Guard Cells
• Open and close the small pore on the
underside of the leaf
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Stomata
• Allow the plant to breathe and transpire
–Give off moisture
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Chloroplasts
• Contain chlorophyll
• Located inside the food making cells
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Photosynthesis
• Process by which CO2 and H2O in the
presence of light are converted to sugar
and oxygen
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Food
• Manufactured in the leaves moves
downward through the stem to the roots
–Used by the plant
–Stored in stem or root and leaf in the form of
sugar, starch or protein.
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Respiration
• Plants respire 24 hours a day
• Consume O2 and give off CO2
• Plants produce more O2 through ps. Than
they consume during respiration and
growth.
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Stems
• Have two main functions
–Movement of water and minerals from the
roots upward and movement of
manufactured food down
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Stem functions
• Support of leaves and reproductive structures
• used for food storage and reproduction of plants
involving cuttings
• Green stems manufacture food just as leaves do
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Roots
• Usually underground
• Functions:
–Anchor plant and hold upright
–Absorb water and minerals form soil and
conduct to stem
–Store food, & propagation
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Root Structure
• Internal
–Similar to stems
–Older roots have xylem, phloem and
cambian
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External
–Root cap
•Produces continuous supply of new
cells
•Protects roots as they push through
soil
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Structure
• Root hairs
–Absorb moisture and minerals
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Type of root systems
• Fibrous-grasses
–Easier transplanting
–Shorter, smaller, more compact
• Lap root-carrot
–Longer and fewer roots
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Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
• Pollination- color of flower attracts insects to
fertilize flower
– Beginning of fruit and seed formation
• Fruits and seed are attractive to birds who eat
and spread seeds.
– Reproduces plant
– Some seeds carried on animals coats
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Parts of the Flower
• Differ in size, shape, and color, some basic
parts
• Sepal
–Green leaf-like part, covers and protects
bud before opening
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Petals
• Are actually leaves
• Usually bright colors to attract pollinating
insects.
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Parts of the Flower
• Stamens
–Male part of flower
–Has two parts
•Filament-stalk
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Anther
• Anther- sac-like structure on top
of filament, contains pollen
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Parts of the Flower
• Pistil - female part
• in the center of flower
• has three parts
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Pistil
• Three parts
• Stigma - top - sticky
• Style - tube leading from stigma to ovary
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Ovary
• Egg cells develop here
• Grows to become fruit or seed coat
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Types of Flowers
• Complete
–Contains 4 main parts
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Incomplete
• Does not have all 4 main parts
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Perfect
• Has stamens and pistils
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Imperfect
• lacks stamens or pistils
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Thanks
Submitted by
Astha Priya
St. johns Public School
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If you also want to share your own or your kid’s
presentation(ppt) please send it on
info@makemegenius.com
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“Don’t make me read, make me understand “
www.makemegenius.com– Full of ingredients to make your child a genius.
Copyright of www.makemegenius.com, for more videos ,visit us.