1
GEOG 352: Managing Natural and
Social Capital
Course Outline (F14N01)
Instructor:
Office:
Phone (local):
Email:
Office Hours:
Classroom:
Lectures:
Don Alexander
Bldg. 359, Room 215
2261 (If you are out of the local calling area, you can dial 1-888-920-2221, and
then 2261).
don.alexander@viu.ca
Wednesdays, 3:00 to 4:00 pm, and by appointment
Bldg. 370, Room 243
Tuesdays and Thursdays, 10:00 to 11:30 pm
Textbook (required): Lewis, Mike and Conaty, Pat. 2012. The Resilience Imperative: Cooperative
Transitions to a Steady-State Economy (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers). [E-version
also available through the VIU Library.]
[Lectures and assignments will be on my web site: http:web.viu.ca/alexander2]
Course Focus and Course Objectives
The course focuses on a way of thinking about wealth and well-being that looks beyond money
flows, the production of consumer and capital goods, and labour productivity to the role that
economic activity plays in enhancing or degrading natural, social, and human capital. The course will
review policies and alternative economic strategies that can contribute to the achievement of a
more sustainable and resilient society in the 21st century. By the end of the course, you will be able
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to show how economic, social, and ecological systems are interrelated;
demonstrate the impact of economic activity on natural, social, and human capital;
be able to critically analyze policies and alternative economic strategies for enhancing
natural, social and human capital;
talk about specific case studies and tools reflecting these approaches, and
demonstrate an improvement in your research, writing, speaking, as well as your ability to
present material in a graphically appealing format.
To do well in the course, you should:
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demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of natural, social, and human capital, and be
able to apply them in a variety of contexts (as measured by the mid-term, major project
and final exam);
demonstrate knowledge of some of the principal strategies for enhancing natural and
social capital and relevant case studies (as measured by the mid-term, major project
and final exam);
demonstrate knowledge of emerging critical issues in terms of the urgency and
challenges involved in building an alternative economic system (as measured by the
mid-term, major project, and final exam).
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Structure of the Course
The course will involve lectures, guest speakers, class discussion/ debate, occasional videos, and case
study analysis based on Canadian and international examples. Where possible, we will focus on the
readings on Tuesdays and on discussions of key points on Thursdays. There will be one major
assignment (see below) plus a mid-term and a final exam.
Course Schedule (subject to change)
Date
Sept. 2 & 4
Lecture Topics
Introduction to
Managing
Natural and
Social Capital,
and to the
Basics of
Ecological
Economics
Sept. 9 &
11
Resilience and
the Five Exit
Ramps; Wealth
vs. The
Commonwealth
Sept. 16 &
18
Alternative
Approaches to
Debt and
Banking
Alternative
Approaches to
Sept. 23 &
Discussion
Course Focus and Objectives
Discussion:
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What are externalities?
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How does the economy impact ecological and
cultural phenomena as they manifest spatially?
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What is the relationship between ecology and
economy in thermodynamic terms?
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What is carrying capacity, and how does it
relate to managing for uncertainty?
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What are the “empty world” and “full world”
concepts, and how do these relate to the limits
to growth?
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What is the difference between growth,
throughput, and development?
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What is the difference between marginal utility
and increasing marginal cost?
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What is the difference between public and
private goods?
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What are the different forms of capital that
should be considered in economic planning?
Discussion:
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Why is achieving resilience the 21st century
imperative and what are some strategies for
achieving it?
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What are open access regimes?
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What is the “tragedy of the commons” and is it
always an accurate reflection of how humans
manage resources?
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What is the ‘enclosure of the commons’?
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How did ‘the Market’ come to dominate?
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What are some alternative approaches to
money?
Readings/Assignments
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Toward Sustainable
Communities (2012
edition) by Mark
Roseland, pp. 12-17
[available on-line at
VIU Library;
requires log-in]
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The Story of Stuff
(with Annie
Leonard):
http://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=gL
BE5QAYXp8
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Discussion:
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How can community members and debtors gain
more control of the banking system?
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Chapters 1 & 2
see original essay
by Garrett Hardin
on the ‘tragedy of
the commons’ at
http://www.science
mag.org/content/1
62/3859/1243.full.p
df; “Reconvening
the House of
Commons on the
Commons” by
Heather Menzies
will also be
provided; see also
on-line article at
http://www.theatla
ntic.com/politics/en
viron/selfish.htm
Chapters 3 & 8
Discussion:
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What is market failure?
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Chapter 4
Possible video
3
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25
Housing
Sept. 30 &
Oct. 2
Energy Selfsufficiency
Oct. 7 & 9
Food SelfSufficiency
Discussion:
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How can communities create greater food selfsufficiency and why is this desirable?
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Oct. 14 &
16
Community
Economic
Development;
Mid-term
Review
GNP/ GDP and
Human Welfare;
Human Nature
Discussion:
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Oct. 21 &
23
Oct. 28 &
30
Change Agents
and Political
Action
Nov. 4 &
6th
Case Studies:
Economic
Democracy
Nov. 11 –
[closed for
Remembra
nce Day] &
13
Case Studies:
Revolutionizing
Ownership
Structures
What avenues exist for creating more
affordable co-operative forms of housing?
Discussion:
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How can communities create greater energy
self-sufficiency and why is this desirable?
What is the “whole economy” concept?
Review for the mid-term
Discussion:
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What are defensive expenditures?
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of
different ways of measuring human welfare?
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What are different aspects of human nature,
and under what circumstances do these
aspects emerge?
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What are genuine needs vs. various
“satisfiers”?
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What organizations are at the forefront of
promoting an alternative economic agenda?
Discussion:
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What are some examples of economic
democracy in action?
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What are some alternative approaches to
ownership of economic operations and assets?
How can economic alternatives conserve and
heal natural, social, human, and other forms of
capital?
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Chapter 5
Outline for major
project due on
10/3
Field trip; Chapter 6
(also start on
Chapter 7 – it’s a
long one!)
Chapter 7
Ross & Usher,
Chapter 4 (see bib.
– in library)
Mid-term exam
see on-line article:
http://www.globalp
olicy.org/socecon/d
evelop/quality/200
8/0630gdp.htm;
http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Fundamen
tal_human_needs
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Chapter 9
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Chapter 10
presentations
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Chapter 11;
Tomalty
(http://www.altern
ativesjournal.ca/sci
ence-andsolutions/oursbetter-yours)
presentations
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Nov. 18 &
20
Cultural
Transformation
Discussion
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What will it take to make the transition to a
resilient society given where we are now?
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Chapter 12
Major project due
on 11/20
Nov. 25 &
27
Wrap-up and
Review
Discussion:
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What are the most promising economic models
for building a sustainable society, models that
conserve natural, social, and human capital?
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What evidence, if any, is there that significant
changes are occurring in this realm?
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Epilogue
Final Exam
(Date TBA)
Course Website:
The course website will not be on Moodle. The website (see URL on page 1) will contain lecture
notes, assignment instructions, and other relevant material.
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Evaluation:
Attendance and Participation
Mid-Term Exam
Case Study Assignment
15% (including 5% for leading at least one discussion)
25%
35% (including 5% for outline and 5% for in-class
presentation on)
Final Exam
25%
Attendance and Participation:
You are expected to show up in class on time and to participate in class discussions. This takes
some degree of preparation to do effectively, including doing the week's readings before class,
reflecting on the readings, and maybe even finding new ones that pertain to the topics being
discussed that week. You will also be asked to prepare and lead at least one in-class discussion
on one of the issues in a chapter. This will involve making sure you understand the material
yourself, giving a very brief overview of it in class, and offering two or three questions for
discussion to provoke critical thinking of the topic. Your discussion will be evaluated based on
the quality of your initial summary, how well-formulated your questions are, whether they
stimulate a lively discussion, and how well you facilitate it – encouraging a variety of people to
speak.
In class discussions, I ask that you respect the ideas, thoughts, and opinions of others,
including mine. Respect does not necessarily imply acceptance. I have my own biases, but I do
not expect you to share them. In fact, independence of thought and critical thinking will
contribute to you getting a high mark in the course. Discussions are intended to provoke
discussion and debate, and you should show a readiness and willingness to share and support
your ideas and feelings on a wide range of issues.
Laptop/Phone Policy:
Laptops and phones will be allowed in class. However, if they start to be used for messaging,
Facebook, or surfing (other than to get information to support class topics), their use will be
stopped. Please turn off your cell phones or put them on vibrate when you enter class. If you
absolutely have to take a call during class, please leave and re-enter the class as unobtrusively as
possible. Cell phones and laptops are not permitted during exams.
Participation Assessment Criteria:
1.
Attendance
Always
2.
little or none
orderly, fairly thorough
competent
disjointed, cursory
unimaginative
Expressive Element (clarity, fluency, concision)
Brief, clear, interesting
5.
fair share
Cognitive Element (knowledge, logic, creativity, question-asking)
Logical, thorough
Imaginative
4.
never
Amount of Contribution to Class
Outstanding
3.
mostly
Affective Element (enthusiasm, co-operation)
wordy, confused, tedious
5
Enthusiastic, sharing
lacklustre, domineering
Major Assignment
The major assignment will be worth 35%, with 5% for an outline due in Week 5 and another 5%
for presenting an overview of your findings towards the end of the semester. It involves
examining a case study that enhances natural, social, human, or other forms of capital, or
several at once (see list below for possible cases). You will be provided with more detailed
instructions soon. Possible case studies (you are not limited to these) include:
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Associación Para el Sesarolla Rural de la Isla de la Palma (Spain)
Avalon Dairy (Vancouver/ Burnaby)
Belo Horizonte (food security in Brazil)
boycotts, buycotts, and carrot mobs
(small) business incubators
car sharing
(forms of) common property management
community centres
community currencies
community forests
credit unions and caisse popular
crowd source funding
debt for nature swaps
Dockside Green (Victoria)
Duncan Garage and Show room (Duncan)
ejidos (Mexico)
EMBERS (Vancouver)
EcoTrust (Portland and B.C.)
fair/ direct trade
farmers’ co-ops and marketing boards
Global Village stores
(progressive) government procurement policies
housing co-ops and co-housing
Interface Carpets
Island Press
La Via Campensia (international peasant movement)
land trusts (e.g. Nanaimo Land Trust, etc.)
Megaphone/ Hope in the Shadows (Vancouver)
Microcredit (e.g. Grameen Bank)
Mid-Island Co-op (Nanaimo, etc.)
Modo Car Co-op (Vancouver) and other forms of car-sharing
Mondragon co-ops (Spain)
Mountain Equipment Co-op
Newman’s Own products
Osoyoos First Nation enterprises
O.U.R. Ecovillage (Shawnigan Lake)
People United for Sustainable Housing (PUSH)
Permaculture
Public libaries
Quest Food Exchange (Vancouver)
revolving loan funds
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Save-On Meats (Vancouver)
Socially responsible investment
Seikatsu Club (Japan)
Slow Food movement
SOLEfood farm (Vancouver)
STOP food complex (Toronto)
Sustainable South Bronx
transition town movement
Triple Bottom Line (TBL) – find an organization that embodies the principle
United We Can (Vancouver)
worker-owned enterprises (e.g. Harmac, Bob’s Red Mill products)
NOTE: Whenever submitting written work, always parenthetically reference your sources, using
APA style [see http://libguides.viu.ca/citing]. Also: print all assignments double-sided or use scrap
paper.
Late Assignments
ONLY authorized medical reasons (i.e., a doctor's note) or immediate family tragedy will be
accepted as reasonable cause for missing an exam or handing in an assignment late. NO
substitute assignments or exams will be accepted in this course, nor will plagiarism be tolerated.
For VIU’s policy on academic integrity, see www.viu.ca/policies/policy.asp?rdPolicyNumber=99.01.
Dissatisfaction with any grade received on an exam or an assignment must be lodged with me
within 48 hours. The policies of VIU will govern any further appeals regarding grades.
NOTE: Students with documented disabilities requiring academic and/or exam accommodation should
inform me and contact Disability Services, Building 200, or call 740-6446.
In the event of a "snowstorm" or other extreme weather event, I will try to send out an e-mail if class is
cancelled, but always check the VIU homepage for a closure notice. The information there takes priority.
Grading Scheme
A+
90-100%
Outstanding performance
A
85-89%
First-class performance
A-
80-84%
Excellent performance
B+
76-79%
Very good performance
B
72-75%
Good performance
B-
68-71%
Average performance
C+
64-67%
Fair performance
C
60-63%
Below average performance
C-
55-59%
Passing performance
D
50-54%
Marginal performance
F
Below 50%
Failing performance
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7
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2000).
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