1 NUCO 4000 Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing University of Virginia School of Nursing Fall 2009 CLINICAL SYLLABUS Western State Hospital/ Coal Fields of Southwest Virginia Clinical Instructor: Office: Office hours: Telephone: E-mail: Clinical Time: Site: Secretary: Diane Boyer, RN. MSN, PMHNP-BC, DNP Cathy Campbell, RN, PhD McLeod Hall, Room 4058 Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday by appointment (434) 293-9291 deb9k@virginia.edu Tuesday 0800 – 1600 and Southwest Virginia (Date, time TBA) Western State Hospital and Southwest Virginia Kathy McEldowney, Room 2006, CMNEB, (434) 924-8613 COURSE DESCRIPTION The clinical component of NUCO 4000 is a required fourth-year course designed to provide an opportunity to learn and utilize bio-psychosocial concepts in the care of mentally ill and substance-abusing individuals. The focus of the course and clinical component is on assessment strategies, nursing interventions, plans of care, and rehabilitative processes for individuals with a variety of acute and chronic problems and community engagement. Clinical practice will take place in a variety of hospital and community settings. CLINICAL OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. Examine the biological bases for mental illness. Examine legal and ethical issues related to interventions and systems of care for mentally ill individuals and their families. Analyze the biological, psychological, socioeconomic, political, historical, and cultural factors that influence the care and rehabilitation of those with Depression, Substance abuse, Addiction and Chronic Mental Illness. Apply nursing strategies to individuals and families with acute and chronic mental illnesses across the lifespan, including depression, substance abuse and addiction. Utilize the nursing process to assist clients to reach the highest level of functioning. Examine the leadership role of the psychiatric/mental health nurse in hospital and community settings. 2 Grades will be calculated as follows: 1. Complete the clinical component of the course, achieve clinical competency, and maintain professional behaviors: 25% (of course grade). 2. Final clinical project/APA paper: 10% (of course grade) 3. Group presentations of final clinical project/paper to NUCO 473 class: 5% (of course grade) Honor Code All written assignments must include the University of Virginia honor pledge: “On my honor as a student I have neither given nor received aid on this exam/assignment.” All students and faculty are required to report suspected honor offenses to an honor committee representative. For more information visit www.virginia.edu/honor. Confidentiality Statement The written and verbal material discussed in class and clinical is confidential. Faculty and students must guard the privacy of the patients/clients closely. Under no circumstance is any clinical material to be copied or discussed outside of the classroom or clinical arena. If you have any questions about whether something is confidential, treat it as such until you discuss it with a faculty member. Do not write down patient names, addresses, social security numbers, and/or other identifying information, as mandated by HIPPA regulations. Faculty and students who utilize patient information must follow patient privacy and confidentiality guidelines outlined in the School of Nursing Handbook and in agency guidelines for each clinical site. Another aspect of confidentiality is learning to disclose personal information in a manner that is appropriate to the situation. In this course, you are a student and your mental health issues are not an appropriate topic of conversation. Nor are those of your friends and family members. You are learning to be a professional. A large part of professional behavior is learning to present yourself in an authentic manner while preserving your personal dignity. One of the fundamental issues in mental health nursing is learning to set boundaries so that you can help others to define theirs. If you have mental health concerns, faculty will refer you to CAPS or other professional treatment services. We do not provide mental health treatment to students in order to maintain appropriate faculty/student relationships. 3 Preparation and Attendance: Students are expected to prepare for and attend each classroom and clinical session. Students who are ill and must be absent from class more than twice must notify the course professor. Students who are ill and must be absent from clinical must notify the clinical instructor and the clinical unit of her/his expected absence in accordance with the clinical instructor's recommendations. Because learning is cumulative, preparation and attendance at all clinical experiences is a requirement for passing the clinical component of the course. Unprepared students will be sent home. Arrangements to make-up missed time must be initiated by the student with her/his clinical instructor and completed prior to the end of the course. Failure to complete the required make-up clinical will result in a course grade of "Incomplete." Professional Dress Code: Professional dress for inpatient experiences includes the UVA School of Nursing polo shirt, ID badge, solid pants (no denim, no wrinkles), and closed-in shoes. The UVA student ID badge must be worn near the neckline with the name visible. Lab coats may be required at some clinical sites at the discretion of the instructor. Students who do not follow these guidelines will receive an unsatisfactory for the clinical day and may be sent home. Independent clinical activities have requirements that vary according to the site: ECT (lab coat), AA & Clubhouse (street clothes). Southwest Virginia Intensive (street clothes). Ask instructor clarification, if needed. Clinical course requirements: Each must receive a "Satisfactory" grade on each assignment unless otherwise noted. Thus, getting an A on one assignment and an F on the next is not satisfactory. A satisfactory grade for clinical is a C or above. You cannot pass this course without a C or above in clinical, no matter what your classroom grade may be. Nursing is a practice-based discipline. “Book” knowledge is necessary yet not sufficient. The clinical component of the course counts as 25% of the NUCO 473 course grade. Clinical assignments will vary depending on clinical setting. All students will complete at least 84 hours of clinical in PMH settings, inpatient, outpatient, or community mental health. Clinical Assignments (80 hours): 2. Achievement of clinical objectives will be documented on the clinical evaluation tool (CET) each week. All categories must be successfully completed. 4 3. 4. 5. 6. Journal/log reflecting progress toward clinical objectives must be submitted to instructor weekly, according to instructor’s guidelines. Include cumulative hours. Complete assessment, care plan, process recording, group and leader analyses, patient teaching (individual/group) and other weekly assignments, according to instructor. Complete a group project in Southwest Virginia Clinical Experience. Prepare written report for Community Partners and course professor. Present project to Community Partners and to peers and course professor in class. Failure to consistently demonstrate professional behaviors (see last entry on CET) will result in failure of clinical and of course. Independent Clinical Activities (4 hours) Independent activities allow students to participate in different learning experiences. The activities require self-management of scheduling, preparation, and negotiating with peers to attend community groups. Sign up in advance to avoid having more than two students attend at a time! (The group process will be changed if more students attend!) 1. Sign up and attend a psychosocial clubhouse and submit log to clinical instructor. Southwest VA group will attend Clubhouse during trip there. 2. Sign up to attend an open AA, NA or ALANON meeting near the University of Virginia grounds and submit log to clinical instructor. (No sign-up required for other locations). Southwest Virginia Group will attend these meetings there. 3. Obtain approval from clinical instructor to attend a support group of your choice. Submit log to clinical instructor. Southwest Virginia Group will do this in Southwest Virginia. 4. Sign up and attend ECT (read Chapter 28: pp. 604-609 prior to observing ECT) and submit log to clinical instructor. 5 University of Virginia School of Nursing NUCO 473 Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 1:1 Observation Tool Student: _________________________________ Date: _________________________ Observer: ______________________________ (_____ instructor _____ staff _____peer) A. PREPARATION OF SELF AND SETTING 1. Prepares for interaction (place, time, goal of interaction, setup) 2. Deals with self-disclosure appropriately 3. Recognizes phase of the relationship and related goals B. QUESTIONING 4. Uses direct and indirect methods to obtain pertinent client data 5. Uses appropriate “Therapeutic Communication Techniques” C. LISTENING 6. a. Listens to patient, b. Establishes trust and rapport, c. Waits out silence appropriately, d. Encourages appropriate amount of feeling ventilation. Student Score Observer Score Student Score Observer Score 6 7. a. Student shows awareness of how patient opening and closing comments are significant, b. Student redirects patient abrupt shifts in the conversation, c. Student attends to repetition of material, d. Student appropriately observes if the patient’s story is not unified or other incongruence (i.e., Gaps, contradictions, unclear meaning, nonverbal inconsistency, etc.), e. Student notes gestures, facial expressions, posture, tone of voice, dress, etc. E. Analysis (Post Interaction) 8. Identifies therapeutic and nontherapeutic techniques and rationale. 9. Identifies anxiety levels and relief behaviors (for nurse and client) 10. Identifies defense mechanisms, patterns and themes. 11. Discusses personal feelings and reactions about the interview process. Student Score Observer Score Self-evaluation Total Points: ________ Observer Total Points: ________ (max = 33) *Key: 3 = clearly comfortable and confident in use of concept, 2 = meets standard, but needs practice, 1 = concept not clear, 0 = Not Applicable Student self-evaluation (on back) Observer comments (mention any areas not receiving a rating of 3): 7 GROUP ANALYSIS NUCO 473 Clinical 1. What is the purpose of this group? (Reason the group exists) 2. What is the task of the group? (Work of the group) 3. What type of group is it? (Support, OT, RT, therapy) (Is it open or closed-ended?) 4. Who are the members of this group? 5. What is the group process? (Describe what is happening. Who is talking to whom etc.) Draw a illustrate. 6. What is the theme of the group? (One subject unifying the topics of the group. Include feeling tone) 7. What curative factors are evident? (Universality, support, acceptance, belongingness, etc) sociogram to 8 8. Are there disruptive forces? What are they? How does the leader/facilitator handle these? 9. Is the leader effective in promoting group cohesion? 10. Any other observations? Revised 8/2006 ATH 9 Group Leader Evaluation Form 1. Did the group leader start and end on time? 2. Did the leader demonstrate awareness of a safe and therapeutic environment? 3. How were the participants made to feel welcome? 4. How was the purpose (goal) of the session explained? 5. How did the leader redirect disruptive behaviors? 6. What attempts were made to involve all participants in the activity? 7. How did the leader facilitate participant self-expression? 8. How did the leader give positive reinforcement? 10 9. Did disclosure occur? How was it managed? 10. General comments on effectiveness of the leader. (Suggestions for group leader, if peer.) 11 Process Recording Format (1 required): Name and clinical day Client initials Date of interaction Place of interaction Goal of interaction Nurse verbal and nonverbals Client verbal and nonverbals Analysis of interaction 12 Evaluation of goal: 13 NUCO 473 Clinical Assessment Client Information: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Identifying information: Chief complaint at time of first admission: History of present illness (HPI): Brief MSE: History of past psychiatric contacts (how many over what period of time and where): Medical history: Family psychiatric history with genogram (include key): 8. List medications (include amount, frequency, etc.) **NOTE: Attach patient teaching info for each med to care plan. 9. Abnormal PE and lab results: 10. Psychosocial Assessment A. Activities of Daily Living: hygiene, grooming, nutrition, elimination, exercise, leisure activities, etc. B. Physical impairments that limit ability to function: C. Use of medications: knowledge of, compliance with, and use of OTCs and herbs. D. Drug use/abuse: alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine: amount, frequency, last use, withdrawal symptoms. E. Stress in last year, losses, and changes: How is stress handled? Consider various styles of coping through eating, drinking, sleeping, sex, exercise, being angry, anxious, withdrawn, denying; talking, reading, or prayer. What are your client's problem-solving methods? F. Relationships: 1. Members of family of origin (cultural considerations) 2. Lives alone or with others when not hospitalized (group home, supervised apt, independent apartment, with family member?) 3. involvement with significant other, friendships 4. marriage and/or children 5. any pets 6. any verbal, physical, sexual abuse 14 G. Developmental tasks: chronological vs. developmental age appropriateness (Use Erickson) H. Internal Resources: These strengths include educational background, employment history, accomplishments, skills and importance of religion/spirituality in life. I. External Resources. Consider housing/living arrangements, outpatient follow-up, support systems, time management, and financial security. J. Summary of this hospitalization: Have goals been met? If not, why not? K. GAF (Current and at time of Admission) L.Current medical diagnoses: Axis I. Axis II. Axis III. Axis IV. Axis V. M. Your Nursing Diagnoses, Plan of Care, & Critique 15 Individualized Nursing Care Plan First Priority Nursing Diagnosis ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________ Subjective data Objective data Expected outcomes: STG STG LTG Nursing Interventions (How, when, why? Be specific, add source and page number) 16 EVALUATE (Evaluate outcome at end of each clinical day). 2nd Nursing Diagnosis (copy as many as needed for additional diagnoses) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Subjective data Objective data Expected outcomes STG STG LTG Nursing Interventions (How, when, why? Be specific, add source and page number) EVALUATE (Evaluate outcome at end of each clinical day) 17 Reflection Journal Guidelines: Overview: Keeping a journal is an important part of your learning experience. By having you think about what you are doing and what you are learning from the experience, the writing of a journal can increase the amount you actually learn. It can also make you aware of what you don’t know, so that you can direct your efforts towards finding out more. Instructions: Do a journal entry each time you are in clinical. Take a few minutes before you leave the site to make your entry or do it within a few hours of your experience to facilitate making an accurate entry. Journals should be submitted to the clinical instructor by midnight on the clinical day. While in SW Virginia there will be time at the end of each day to complete journals. Each journal entry should include all of the following elements. Please clearly divide each entry into the following categories. 1. Date and hours worked 2. Objective Description of your experiences: What happened? Write a factual account of the behaviors you observed that does not include your opinion. 3. Interpretation/Explanation: Now try to understand the behaviors you described above in #2. Use principles and concepts from the course reading material and lectures in making your interpretations. 4. Reflect on the impact of the rural culture or community influences on the behaviors described above. 5. Personal Opinions/Feelings and Learning: Thoughts /opinions. Interpret what you saw and heard today. What does it mean to you? Feelings; Use emotion words (i.e. happy, surprised, frustrated) to describe your feelings. What knowledge and/or skill did you acquire today? What did you learn about yourself? What did you learn about others around you? 6. Compare and contrast this experience with the experience at WSH Please write clearly. Your journal provides important evidence of what you are learning from your experience. Your journal is also a very important source of information for your Final Project Report. 18 LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR SW VA COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT Goal Categories for Purposeful Civic Learning Knowledge Skills Values Academic Learning To understanding root causes of social problems Develop and/or enhance active learning skills Democratic Citizenship Learning To becoming familiar with different conceptualizations of citizenship Develop and/or enhance competency in identifying community assets Diversity Learning To understanding individual vs. institutional “isms” Develop and or enhance crosscultural communication skills Consider that there is important knowledge only found in the community Come to an appreciation of the idea that communities depend on an active citizenry Realize that voices of minorities are needed to make sound community decisions Political Learning To learn about how citizen groups have effected change in their communities Develop and/or enhance advocacy skills Realize that citizenship is about more than voting and paying taxes Leadership Learning To understand the social change model of leadership in an unfamiliar environment Develop and/or enhance skills that facilitate the sharing of leadership roles Understand that leadership is a process, and not a characteristic associated with an individual or a role Inter- and Intra- Personal Learning To gain a deeper understanding of one’s multiple social identities Develop and/or enhance problemsolving skills Learn/ fine tune an ethic of care To obtain a deeper understanding of how individuals in a particular profession act in socially responsible ways Determine how to apply one’s professional skills to the betterment of society Responsibility to others applies to those pursuing all kinds of careers Social Responsibility Learning 19 Clinical Guidelines For Working With Community Partners in Southwest Virginia The following guidelines were developed through class discussion with students in an ACE course taught by Tanya Denckla Cobb, January 20, 2009 Not having preconceived assumptions Sharing end result with communities Via tele communication Sharing objectives with participants in form of writing and contact information Creating a “Consent Form” Have general manners and respectful behaviors when talking to community members Follow up with thank-you notes Try to ask open-ended questions Arrive prepared and professional Create a dialogue Encourage input and share information Engage Community Partners (CP) in design of process and project Always ask “Who else should we talk to?” Set up realistic expectations with CP help Acknowledge and appreciate involvement Mindset should be that we are here to learn from community members and not teach Understand your audience as much as possible Attend Appalachian Culture Intensive presented By David Cattel-Gordon Introduction to Psychiatric Tele-Medicine Introduction to Mental Health Care Issues of Southwest Virginia Travel to Southwest Virginia, tour a Coal Mine and learn about the history of coal mining and the local coal industry Attend N/A, A/A Meetings, a Church service, Community Services Board offices and a Community Psychosocial Rehabilitation (Clubhouse) program in Southwest Virginia Experience the local scenery, music, dance and food Ride Along on St. Mary’s Health Wagon with Nurse Practitioner’s (screening for depression and anxiety in chronic illness, substance abuse and addiction) and in mental health clinic in land office of the Health Wagon Work with Health Care Providers and patients addressing substance abuse, addiction, depression and anxiety issues and availability of related health services especially for those without health insurance. 20 Comment on your reactions to your encounters and the stories you heard from our community partners i.e. the Staff or the Health Wagon, the patients and their families of the Health Wagon, the participants of N/A, A/A meetings, the Clubhouse. Include how you felt about the coal mine tour, the scenery, the church service, music, dance, food and all of the driving. Learning Styles: Cognitive. Your new understandings and knowledge? What is the most important single piece of knowledge gained? What will you remember in a year? five years? How has your knowledge grown? changed? become more sound? Skills. New skills gained? old skills improved? your ability to solve problems, think, reason, research? Did you actually use these skills? What skills do you need to develop next? Judgment. Do you understand the difference between process and content? Can you apply principles? to other classes? life? If you took the class again, what would you do differently? Has your way of thinking changed? Affective. (emotions and feelings) Did you change? your beliefs? values? Was the class worth your time? Do you feel good about it? the single most important thing you learned about you? Evaluate your participation in discussion. Did you discuss and learn with other students? How has the course altered your behavior? Did you grow? shrink? stagnate? float? Southwest Virginia ACE Trip Itinerary: Saturday 9/26/09 0830, Depart Charlottesville: First stop, the Pocahontas Demonstration Mine Lunch Arrive Clintwood Visit The "Stitching Songs of Legacy" Quilt Show during regular library hours at the Jonnie B. Deel Library in Clintwood. 4:00 pm NA/AA meeting VFW Building Clintwood, VA Dinner at the Breaks or Norton Hoedown ‘The Country Cabin” Josephine, VA Return to the Breaks Sunday 9/27/09 0730 Breakfast at the Breaks 0900 Celebrate Recovery Meeting, Destiny Outreach Ministry, Tazwell Virignia 21 Lunch with Elizabeth’s Grandmother in Tazwell Return to Breaks Hike, rest, mountain bike, rest… Meet with Healthy Appalachia Fellow Prepare for MH clinic Dinner at the Breaks Prepare for MH clinic, Fire circle, S’mores Monday 9/28/09 0700 Breakfast 0800 Mental Health Clinic, Clinchco , VA , 4 people 1 person ride with Health Wagon NP’s. 4 people to Tazewell House recovery program and then to Discovery group 2:00 -3:00 pm Cumberland CSB, Lebanon (276 889-3063) Suzanne Dinner at the Breaks Process the day, prepare for day two of MH clinic Tuesday 9/29/09 0700 Breakfast 0800 Mental Health Clinic Clinchco, VA 0900 -1000 2 people to VASAP Clintwood CSB, (276 926-1680 Chris Stanley) Lunch in Clinchco 1530 wrap up MH clinic and prepare to leave for Charlottesville Dinner ? Home 22 Clinical Project/APA Paper assignment (See Stuart & Laraia, pp. 78-79): 1. Define the clinical (or administrative) problem. With a small group of students (2-4) in your clinical setting, speak with the staff and administrative nurses, patients, families or others to identify a clinical or administrative problem. Obtain your instructor’s approval for the topic. (Document how problem was identified for the paper and presentation.) 2. Find the evidence. (Research available literature on the problem or topic.) Identify all aspects of the problem and possible solutions based on the available literature. 3. Analyze the evidence. (Use hierarchy on page 78.) 4. Propose how to use the evidence. (How could this information be used in the clinical setting to improve patient care.) 5. Propose how to evaluate the outcome. (How to tell if there is improvement in care.) 6. Write report in APA paper format that includes all steps above. (Ten page limit.) Be sensitive to feelings of audience. Have instructor review and approve written and oral reports before presenting to at the clinical setting and in class (to NUCO 473 peers). Submit revised version of paper to professor on December 1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION GUIDELINES Each clinical group will present the project planned and implemented during their clinical experiences. Each group will have a total of 15 MINUTES for the presentation. Creativity in preparing and presenting content to the class is encouraged. Each student will evaluate each group utilizing the evaluation forms included in the course packet. INTERVENTIONS PRESENTATION SHOULD INCLUDE: -Introduction of group members -A brief description of the clinical setting -Description of nursing role in setting -The targeted population -Problem/problems identified -Rationale for selection of the problem/problems -Interventions -Evaluation methods -Plans for sustainability 23 Name___________________ Date______________ UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA SCHOOL OF NURSING NUCO 473 PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH NURSING CLINICAL PRESENTATION EVALUATION Please rate the presenter/presenters according to the following scale: 4=Excellent 3=Good 2=Fair 1=Needs improvement CLINICAL GROUP: ____________________________ Student/Students______________________________________________________________ CRITERIA Excellent 1. Presents material in concise, understandable manner 2. Allows time for questions 3. Presents required content (Description of community, rationale for interventions, interventions, barriers) 4. Maintains class interest. Overall Statement Regarding Presentation: Good Fair Improvement Comments: 24 Clinical Schedule: WEEK 1 (8/25) : Orient to WSH, determine date to travel to Southwest Virginia, review syllabus, sign up early for Clubhouse WEEK 2 (9/1): WSH, meet assigned patients, review evaluation tool WEEK 3 (9/8): WSH, review medication test, Intro to Appalachian Culture WEEK (9/15): WSH Mental Health Issues in Southwest Virginia WEEK 5 (9/22): WSH Intro to Telepsychiatry WEEK 6 (9/29): To SWVA 9/26-9/29 WEEK 7 (10/13): Debrief on Trip to SWVA, Start Project WEEK 8 (10/20): To WSH and To Virginia Commonwealth Center, Continue project/presentation work WEEK 9: (10/27): Continue project/presentation work WEEK 10: (11/3): Finalize Presentation November 30 & December 2 Group Presentations 25 Psych/Mental Health Clinical (PMH) Evaluation Tool for (student name) _______________________________________ Dates: Standard I. Assessment Completes biopsychosocial assessment Conducts mental status exam Conducts other assessments as assigned (CIWA) Standard II. Diagnosis Identifies actual & potential nursing diagnoses based on assessment data Prioritizes nursing diagnoses based on safety Standard III. Outcome Identification States realistic expected outcomes that are measurable and time limited Standard IV. Planning Develops a plan of care based on assessment data (incorporates existing plan) Researches and incorporates evidenced based interventions into plan of care Describes rationale for care (using biological, behavioral, nursing, or other theory) Standard V. Implementation Collaborates with team to implement interventions identified in the plan of care Standard V a. Coordination Coordinates the plan of care Documents the care Standard V.b. Health Research and Health Promotion Identifies health-teaching needs of client or group; provides community resource info Prepares, teaches, & evaluates health-teaching plan to meet identified need 26 (must be approved by instructor before teaching). Standard V.c. Milieu Therapy Assesses environment to identify components of a safe, therapeutic environment Contributes to/maintains the therapeutic environment; is culturally competent Critiques therapeutic communication techniques on two (2) process recordings Standard V.d. Pharmacological, Biological, and Integrative Therapies Verbalizes knowledge of psychopharmacologic interventions/precautions/sides effects, and nursing implications for antianxiety, mood-stabilizing, antipsychotic, antiparkinsonian agents, and sedative-hypnotics to restore the client’s health. Successfully completes med-test. Differentiates between types of groups. Critiques one group process. Identifies & applies current research findings for chemical and somatic interventions Attends and analyzes AA or an outpatient support group of choice (approved by instructor). Standard V.e,f,g. Identifies APRN role: Prescriptive Authority, Psychotherapy & Consultation Standard VI. Evaluation Evaluates client’s progress toward attaining expected outcomes (with client, family, significant others, and other healthcare members) Updates interventions and plan of care based on evaluations Documents evaluation in legal record Standard VII. Quality of Practice Documents application of the nursing process Participates and uses results of Quality Improvement Projects Seeks and incorporates new knowledge to initiate change if outcomes not achieved Standard VIII. Education. Identifies personal learning needs & commits to learning 27 Seeks formal & informal opportunities to improve clinical competence Signs up & attends a psychosocial rehabilitation program. Discuss the use of this modality as part of a comprehensive biopsychosocial intervention Standard IX. Professional Practice Evaluation Applies Knowledge of current standards, statutes, guidelines, and rules Arrives on time, dressed in uniform & ID badge, assignments submitted on time. Requests & accepts feedback and uses to improve clinical performance. Provides rationale for practice based on professional standards. Maintains patient confidentiality and professional boundaries Based on: Scope and Standards of Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing Practice, American Nurses Association (2007). Comments on performance in PMH clinical: Faculty signature: (8/08)