Crawford University
STUDENTS’ HANDBOOK
(2011 - 2013)
PHYSICS WITH
ELECTRONICS
i
Physics
Published by:
A Publication of Crawford University
P.M.B. 2001, Crawford University
Km 8 Ota – Atan - Agbara Road
Faith City, Igbesa, Ogun State
Nigeria
College Colour: Gold
Cover Designed and Printed by:
Mustard Communications
10, Adeoye Fafore st. PAB Bus Stop
Ikotun, Idimu Rd. Lagos. Nigeria
Email: samdaodu@gmail.com.
Tel: 08033304269.
Copyright ©CRU March 2012
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title page
i
Copyright page and Publication History
ii
Table of Contents
iii
Addresses
iv
Objectives of the University
v
Visitor and Principal Officers of the University
vii
Foreword
viii
Officers of the College
ix
General Information
1
Department
47
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ADDRESSES
Requests for information regarding the University should be sent to:
The Registrar:
Crawford University
Faith City, Igbesa, Ogun State.
Postal Address: P.M.B. 2001, Igbesa, Ogun State,Nigeria
Website:
www.crawforduniversity.edu.ng
e-mail:
vc@crawforduniversity.edu.ng
registrar@crawforduniversity.edu.ng
dean-conas@crawforduniversity.edu.ng
hod-biosc@crawforduniversity.edu.ng
hod-physicalearthsc@crawforduniversity.edu.ng
hod-cit@crawforduniversity.edu.ng
Telephone:
Vice-Chancellor:
08056697800
Registrar:
08056697802
Deputy Vice-Chancellor: 08056697805
Dean’s Office:
08056697803
Academic Planning Unit: 08131183200
Public Relation and Information Unit:
08035456352
University P.R.O.
07054779136
Telephone Room:
08065296600
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OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY
Crawford University, was established in 2005. Seven years after, the
University is manifesting the dream of its founding father, put together
in form of the objectives of the University, to meet the peculiar needs of
Ogun State.
The objectives of the University are:
To give the opportunity of acquiring higher education to qualified
candidates without discrimination as to race, nationality, creed, religion,
sex or political conviction.
To form the apex of the educational system of the State, to provide
facilities for learning, and to give instruction and training in such
branches of knowledge as the University may desire to foster, and in
doing so, to enable students obtain the advantage of liberal education;
To promote, by research and other means, the advancement of
knowledge and its practical application in social, cultural, economic,
scientific and technological problems;
To encourage the advancement in general, and to provide the
opportunity for acquiring higher and liberal education;
To act as a vehicle of development in general, and, in particular, to act
as an instrument to effectively stimulate the development of the State
through continuing education, applied research, technical assistance,
direct consultation, informational services and internship programs; and
community service.
To provide innovative educational programmes of high standard,
regardless of the nature of the degree being pursued, as this has
importance and relevance for State and National development;
To provide ready access for citizens of the State in particular to higher
education, regardless of social origin or income;
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To meet the specific manpower needs of the State;
To serve as a creative custodian, promoter and propagator of the State’s
social and cultural heritage and resources;
To undertake undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Arts, and
Social Sciences, Education, Science, Engineering, Technology and
Environmental Design, Management Sciences and Basic Medical
Sciences
To enhance educational opportunities for Ogun State indigenes and; to
undertake any other activities appropriate for a University of the highest
standard.
To incorporate Godly virtues into the learning processes in the
university.
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VISITOR AND PRINCIPAL OFFICERS
OF THE UNIVERSITY
VISITOR
Rev. Emmanuel Adebayo Adeniran
District Superintendent, Apostolic Faith Mission
West and Central Africa Headquarters, Lagos.
CHANCELLOR
Chief Oludolapo Ibukun Akinkugbe CON
PRO-CHANCELLOR AND
CHAIRMAN, GOVERNING COUNCIL
Professor Peter Akinsola Okebukola OFR
VICE-CHANCELLOR
Professor Samson Adenola Ayanlaja
B.Sc. (Hons Ibadan), MBA, Ph.D. (Reading), Cert. Irrig. (Israel)
DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR
Professor Emmanuel Abiodun Fayose
B.Sc,, Ph.D (Wales)
REGISTRAR
Mr. ‘Tunde Oluite Adekoya
B.Sc (Hons), M.I.L.R (Ibadan), M.PP(Ogun), MNIM, AIPM.
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
Mr. Thomas Akinbayo Adigun
B. Sc. (Hons) Ife, MLS. (Ibadan)
BURSAR
Rev. Elijah O. Ajayi
FCA, ACMA.
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FOREWORD
This is the second edition of the students’ Handbook of the College of
Natural and Applied Sciences, Crawford University, Faith City, Igbesa,
Ogun State. Nigeria. The College of Natural and Applied Sciences is
one of the two Colleges which was established at the inception of the
University in October, 2005.
There have been remarkable changes in the staff structure and academic
programmes in the College during the past six years of its existence. All
these changes have focused on the achievement of the goals and
objectives of the University.
The first part of the Handbook contains the general information on the
organisation/administrative structure of the College, and composition of
the Standing Committees, the past and current officers of the College;
In addition, there is information on the admission requirements and the
regulations governing the award of Bachelor’s Degrees in the College.
The second part provides the detailed information on the
Department/Teaching Units in the College as regards the
course
structure (Title/Status/Unit). In addition, the course contents of all
courses offered in each degree programmes have been well-documented
at each Level as per Semester for each degree programmes.
This Handbook covers the period of thre years (2011 – 2013).
Both the students and teachers will find this Handbook as a reference
for consultation periodically. It is hoped that the Handbook shall
provide a primary source of information about the University and the
degree programmes offered in the College.
Prof. Rufus Oladiran Okotore
B.Sc, (Ibadan) M.Sc, Ph.D (Dalhousie) MNYAS, FIPAN
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OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE
DEAN
Prof. Rufus Oladiran Okotore
B.Sc,(Ibadan) M.Sc, Ph.D (Dalhousie) MNYAS, FIPAN
COLLEGE OFFICER
Mrs. Christianah M. Majasan
B.Sc. (Ado-Ekiti)
PERSONAL SECRETARY TO THE DEAN
Mrs. Felicia Aina
NCE, Dip. In Computer Studies
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GENERAL INFORMATION
1.
Historical Background
The College of Natural and Applied Sciences was established on
the inception of the University in October 2005. The decree that
established the University academic programmes stipulated the
creation of three Departments only; viz.
Department
of
Biological Sciences, Department of Physical and Earth Sciences
and Department of Computer Sciences and Information
Technology.
Within each Department were to be established other teaching
units which were to offer B.Sc. degree programmes. Thus, in the
Department of Biological Sciences, the B.Sc degree programmes
offered were in Microbiology, Biochemistry, Zoology, Botany,
Biochemistry whilst the B.Sc. degree programmes in
Physics/Electronics, Industrial Chemistry, and Geology/Mineral
Sciences were to be offered in Department of Physical and Earth
Sciences. The B.Sc. degree programme in Computer Science and
Technology, Information and Communication Technology are
offered in the Department of Computer Science and Information
Technology.
Based on the above the students were enrolled into the College in
October 2005. Unfortunately, some of the B.Sc. degree
programmes failed to start due to insufficient students intake.
Those that really got started were seven programmes namely:Microbiology, Biochemistry, Physics/Electronics, Geology,
Industrial Chemistry and Computer Science and Technology,
Information and Communication Technology. These B.Sc. degree
programmes are still in operation till the present day.
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2. Organization/Administrative Structure
The Dean of the College is the administrative Head of the College
that exercises general control over the academic and administrative
affairs of the College. The Dean is assisted by the Heads of
Department in the College, and the College Secretary. The Heads of
Department are responsible through the Dean to the ViceChancellor for the smooth running of their Departments.
The College Secretary is the Head of all the non-academic staff of
the College. He/She is the Secretary to all the College Boards and
Committees. He/She also ensures the implementation of their
decisions and directives. Also He/She ensures the proper
organization of the student records in the Dean’s Office.
Students in the College organize academic and social activities
under the aegis of the Students Associations relevant to the
academic disciplines in the College. Such association draws its
membership from all matriculated students in the particular
academic discipline. The Departments also organize career and
motivational talks, among other activities, for the students from
time to time.
3. College Standing Committees
The Board and other Statutory Committees of the College are
concerned with the consideration of all academic matters - for
example, curriculum development, conduct of examinations and
consideration of results, academic staff matters, determination of
students’ academic standing and welfare, among other issues that
might be brought before them from time to time.
The Boards and the Committees are:
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a. College Board
Composition
“
Vice Chancellor – Chairman
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
All Heads of Departments in the College of Natural
and Applied Sciences
“
All Professors in the College of Natural and Applied
Sciences
“
Dean of College of Business and Social Sciences or
his/her Representative
“
The Librarian or his/her Representative
“
College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –
Secretary
b. College Board of Studies
Composition
“
Vice Chancellor – Chairman
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
All Heads of Departments in the College of Natural
and Applied Sciences
‘’
All Professors in the College of Natural and Applied
Sciences
“
All full time members of Academic Staff in the College
of Natural and Applied Sciences not below the rank of
an Assistant Lecturer
“
One (1) Representative of College of Business and
Social Sciences
“
The Librarian or his/her Representative
“
College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –
Secretary
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College Board or Examiners of Natural and Applied Sciences
Composition
“
Vice Chancellor – Chairman
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied
Sciences
“
Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
All Heads of Departments in the College of Natural
and Applied Sciences
“
All full time members of Academic Staff in the College
of Natural and Applied Sciences not below the rank of a
Lecturer II
“
One (1) Representative of College of Business and
Social Sciences
“
The Librarian or his/her Representative
“
College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences Secretary
c. College Postgraduate Committee
Composition
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences –
Chairman
“
All Heads of Departments in the College
“
All Professors in the College
“
Coordinators of Postgraduate Programmes in the College
“
One Representative of the College on the Postgraduate
School Board
“
College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –
Secretary
d. College Appointments and Promotions (Academic)
Committee
Composition
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences –
Chairman
“
Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
All Heads of Departments in the College
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“
“
All Professors in the College
Dean of College of Business and Social Sciences or
his/her Representative
“
College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –
Secretary
e. College Finance Committee
Composition
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
All Heads of Departments in the College
“
College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences
“
One (1) Representative from each Department in the
College
“
College Finance Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –
Secretary
f. College Seminars Committee
Composition
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
‘’
One (1) Representative from each Department
“ College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences – Secretary
g. College Management Committee
Composition
“
Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
Sub-Dean, College of Natural and Applied Sciences
“
All Heads of Departments in the College
‘’
Programme Coordinators
“
College Officer, Natural and Applied Sciences –
Secretary
4.
Structure of the College
The College has three (3) Departments as listed below:
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1. Biological Sciences
2. Computer Science and Information Technology
3. Physical and Earth Sciences
The following degrees are awarded:
1. Biological Sciences
a. B.Sc. Biochemistry
b. B.Sc. Microbiology
2. Computer Science and Information Technology
a. B.Sc. Computer Science and Technology
b. B.Sc. Information and Communications
Technology
3. Physical and Earth Sciences
a. B.Sc. Geology and Mineral Sciences
b. B.Sc. Physics with Electronics
c. B.Sc. Industrial Chemistry
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
PAST AND CURRENT DEANS OF THE COLLEGE
2005 – 2006
Prof. M. B. Asokhia
2006 – 2007
Prof. C. O. Oluwole Alofe
2007 – 2010 April
Prof. Rufus Oladiran Okotore
2010-2010 October Prof. Emmanuel A. Fayose
2010-2011 May
Dr. Gbolagade. D. Gbolagunte (Ag)
2011 – Till Date
Prof. Rufus Oladiran Okotore
6. PAST AND CURRENT VICE-DEANS OF THE COLLEGE
1.
2009 – 2010
Dr. Gbolagade D. Gbolagunte
7. PAST AND CURRENT OFFICERS OF THE COLLEGE
1.
2010 – Till Date
Mrs. Christianah M. Majasan
8.
S/
OFFICE OF THE DEAN
DESIGNATIO
NAME
QUALIFICATION
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N
N
1.
Prof. R. O. Okotore
Dean
B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.
2.
Mrs. Felicia .Y.
Aina
Personal
Secretary
NCE, Dip. In
Computer Studies,
WASC
3.
Mrs. Bola Ngburuka
Clerical
Officer
NCE, WASC
4.
Miss. Idorenyin
Udoh
Clerical
Officer
WASC
5.
Mrs. Aina Dosu
Cleaner
WASC
9.
S/N
COLLEGE OFFICE
NAME
DESIGNATION
QUALIFICATION
1.
Mrs. C. M.
Majasan
College Officer /
Asst. Registrar
B.Sc. (Ado – Ekiti)
2.
Mr. David
Osanyinbi
Clerical Officer –
Data Processing
Cert. in Computer
Studies, WASC
3.
Mrs. Bukola Ojo
Clerical Officer
Grade II, WASC
4.
Mrs. Bunmi
Fariogun
Assistant Chief
Clerical Officer
NCE, WASC,
Diploma in
Computer
5.
Mrs. Dolapo
Fakorede
Clerical Officer Computer
OND, WASC, Dipl.
Computer Studies
6.
Miss. Tinuke
Abagun
Clerical Officer –
Computer
WASC, Diploma in
Computer Studies
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7.
Mr. Anietie
Udoaka E.
Clerical Officer –
Computer
WASC, Diploma in
Computer Studies
8.
Mr. Joseph
Fashina
Clerical Officer
WASC
9.
Miss. Omolola
Omoniyi
N.Y.S.C
B.Sc, WASC
10.
Mrs. M. O. Ibeh
Chief Clerical
Officer
NCE, WASC
11.
Mrs. Christianah
Clerical Officer
WASC
12.
Mrs. Janet
Omoniyi
Cleaner
J.S.S.3
13.
Mrs. Sesan
Akinpelu
Cleaner
WASC
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HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENTS
1.
2.
3.
HEADS
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Prof. A. W. A. Edwards; B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Prof. F. A. Forli; B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D
PHYSICAL AND EARTH SCIENCES Prof. M. B. Asokhia; B.Sc, Ph.D
12.
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS:
COURSES/
REQUIREMENTS
UTME SUBJECTS
PROGRAMME
S
1. Biochemistry
SPECIAL
CONSIDERATION
(WAIVER) REMARKS
Direct Entry
UTME
Two ‘A’ level passes
chosen from Chemistry,
Mathematics Physics
Five SSCE
credit passes
in English
Biology, Chemistry,
Physics or
Mathematics.
CRAWFORD accepts
merit in own Diploma
(credit/upper credit),
OND (upper credit) or
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and Biology.
NCE/ND/HND in
related field plus UTME
requirement.
Language,
Chemistry,
Mathematics,
Physics and
Biology.
HND in relevant courses
is acceptable. O/L credit
in either Physics or
Mathematics in addition
to ‘A’
level passes in Chemistry
and Biology is acceptable.
2. Industrial
Chemistry
(i) Two ‘A’ level passes
in Chemistry and
Mathematics
(ii) OND in Science
Technology or ND in
relevant field with
UTME requirements.
Five SSCE
credit passes
in English
Language,
Chemistry,
Mathematics,
Physics and
Biology/Agri
c Science.
Chemistry,
Mathematics and any
of
Physics/Biology
/Agric Science.
CRAWFORD accepts
Holders of OND (ND)
certificate with minimum
of upper credit pass are
eligible for admission into
year II (200 Level)
provided that their
programme cover certain
basic courses offered in
the
school up to the second
year. Holder of HND with
minimum of lower credit
pass are eligible for
admission into year II
depending on the
appropriateness
of their requisite
academic.
3. Microbiology
(i) Two ‘A’ level passes
to include one of
Botany, Zoology,
Biology or Chemistry.
(ii) OND/NCE in related
fields.
4. Physics with
Electronics
NCE/Two ‘A’ level
passes in Physics and
Mathematics or
Chemistry
Five SSCE
credit passes
to include
English
Language,
Mathematics,
Chemistry,
Biology and
any other
Science
subject.
NCE/Two ‘A’
level passes
in Physics
and
Mathematics
or Chemistry.
Biology, Chemistry and
Physics or
Mathematics.
Physics, Mathematics
and Chemistry or
Biology.
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Physics
5. Geology &
Mineral
Sciences
(i) Two ‘A’ level passes
from Geology,
Chemistry,
Mathematics, Physics,
Biology and Geography.
6. Computer
Science and
Information
Technology
(i) Two A/L Passes in
science subjects
including Mathematics
(ii) NCE with at least
Merit in Mathematics
and one other Science or
Social Science subject.
Five SSCE
Any three of
credit passes
Chemistry, Physics,
in English
Mathematics, Biology
Language,
and Geography
Biology,
Chemistry,
Mathematics
and any other
subject.
Five SSCE credit
Mathematics,
passes to include
Physics and one
English Language,
of Biology,
Maths, Physics plus
Chemistry,
two other science
Agric Science,
subjects.
Economics and
Geography.
(iii) Diploma in Data
Processing with at least
a merit pass from a
recognized University or
OND/HND in Data
Processing, Engineering
and Maths with an
overall B grade may be
considered. (except in
Lagos).
ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION
An applicant must have completed 12 years pre-tertiary education i.e.
someone who has finished six years of Primary School, three of Junior
Secondary School (JSS) and three in the Senior Secondary School
(SSS) in the Nigerian Educational System or to possess
equivalent/superior credentials. In addition, applicants must take the
mandatory University Matriculations Examination (UME).
13.
REGISTRATION PROCEDURE
1. Requirements for Registration
a. Original photocopies of credentials
b. Birth Certificate
c. Eight (8) passport photographs
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d. JAMB Notification of Results
e. University Admission letter
2. Procedure for Course Registration
(i)
All students should note that Registration of courses
commence on resumption for each semester. Students
are therefore expected to register twice in a session. i. e.
at the beginning of each semester.
(ii)
After the payment of school fees, students should
proceed to the Bursary with proof of bank payment for a
pin code for on-line registration.
(iii)
Students are expected to collect registration forms from
Department the and then complete on consultation with
the course adviser. Thereafter, the forms are forwarded
to the Edu - Portal for proper documentation.
(iv)
Students are allowed a maximum of seven (7) weeks for
registration and an additional two (2) weeks for late
registration.
(v)
Any student that fails to register within this period
ceases to be a bonafide student of Crawford University.
3. Add and Delete of Courses
Any student wishing to delete course(s) will be allowed to do so
within the first nine (9) weeks of registration. Any student
wishing to add additional course(s) will be allowed to do so
within the first seven (7) weeks of registration for both first and
second semester.
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14. REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR’S DEGREE (FULL TIME)
(A) A programme of study shall be provided leading to a Bachelor’s
degree to be denoted by the letters B.Sc (or such other
abbreviation as Senate may approve from time to time) which
may be awarded with honours or as a pass degree. The
programme normally extends over a period of three or four
academic years, depending on the student entry qualifications as
follows:
1. i. Three years for direct entry candidate with prescribed GCE
Advanced Level. Crawford Foundations students or equivalent
admitted to the 200 level
ii. Four years for students with WASC, GCE, Ordinary or
equivalent qualifications, admitted to the 100 level.
2. i. A full-time student is one who carries not less than the
minimum load stipulated in the College
ii. The minimum duration for graduation for a four-year
programme is a period of 8 semesters and 6 semesters for threeyear programme; while the maximum length of time required in
the College shall not be more than 12 semesters for the four year
programme and 10 semesters for the three-year programme.
iii. The maximum load permissible per semester is 27 credit
units whilst the minimum load is 18 credit units for full-time
studentship.
iv. The Dean may on behalf of the College Board permit
students in exceptional cases to carry less than the minimum
load or more
than the maximum load, upon the
recommendation by the Head of Department.
(B)
Graduation Requirements
To be eligible for the award of a degree in the B.Sc. degree
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Programmes, a student must obtain a stipulated minimum total
of units for a three-year programme or a maximum total of units
for a 4 – year programme as stated in the Table below:Programme
Minimum Number of
Units
Maximum Number
of Units
Microbiology
115
160
Biochemistry
124
158
Geology/Mineral Science
132
197
Industrial Chemistry
136
198
Physics with Electronics
127
177
Computer Science & Technology
114
159
Information
Technology
114
159
&
Communications
Student Academic Status
A student’s academic status shall be determined on the basis of
his performance in the Harmattan and Rain Semester
Examination for each of the 100, 200, 300 and 400 levels of the
degree programme. The following categorization of student’s
status shall be used.
(i)
Good standing:
To be in good standing, a student must
* pass a minimum of 24 units per session and
* have a Grade Point Average (GPA) of not less than 1.0
(ii)
Probation:
i. A student shall be placed on “PROBATION” if;
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* he/she has not passed a minimum of 24 units for a
particular level
* his/her GPA is less than 1.0
ii.
iii.
(a)
(b)
iv.
The period of probation shall be a maximum of two
semesters
A student on probation is allowed to register for courses at
the next higher level in addition to his/her probation level
courses provided that:
The regulations in respect of student workload are compiled
with, and
The pre-requisite courses of the higher level courses have
been passed.
A student on probation who fails to improve on his/her
cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of 1.0 and 24 units
in the subsequent semester, such as to place him/her in good
standing shall have another chance, therefore he/she will be
asked to withdraw from the University.
Transfer Cases
i.
Students who transfer from other Universities shall be
credited with only those courses relevant to the programme
of the University, which the candidates have already passed.
Such students shall however, be required to pass the
minimum number of units provided that these students shall
spend less than two (2) year (4 semesters in order to earn a
degree of the University.
ii.
Students who transfer from one College to another within
the University for any reason shall be credited with those
units passed that are within the curriculum of the receiving
College.
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15.
COURSE ADMINISTRATION AND ASSESSMENT
(A)
Courses and Units
i. A course unit is a series of is one hour lectures or tutorials or
an equivalent combination of this type of instruction. No
course shall be less than two units and more than six units.
ii. There shall be four levels of courses for the 4 -year degree
programme and 3 levels for the 3-year
100 – 199 – (100 level courses)
200 – 299 – (200 level courses)
300- 399 – (300 level courses)
400 – 499 – (400 level courses)
Course numbers shall be prefixed by a three character course code
which designated the academic discipline.
(B)
Course Status
The following standard terminologies are used in all units of the
Departments to indicate the status of each course.
i.
Compulsory: courses specified by a department which
students must take and pass.
ii. Required course: A course which a student must register for
and pass at 40% before a degree can be awarded but which is
not counted towards degree classification e.g. General Studies,
Library use.
iii. Elective: courses specified by a department from which a
student must take in order to make up the required additional
units for the award of the degree
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iv. Pre-requisite: A course for which knowledge is essential prior
to
taking another specified courses. A pre-requisite
requirement is fulfilled by completing and passing the prerequisite courses which may also be waived for suitably
qualified candidates by the
College Board on the
recommendation of the Department.
v.
Audited course: A course which the student attends but in
which he/she is not examined.
(C) Course Assessment
i.
All courses shall normally be evaluated by examinations
and Continuous Assessment shall be done through essay
and tests.
ii.
Scores from Continuous Assessment shall constitute
30% of the final marks for courses.
(D) Examinations
i.
Each course shall normally be completed and examined
at the end of the Semester in which it is offered.
ii.
A written examination shall last a maximum of three
hours for three units of courses and minimum of two
hours for two units of course.
(E) Conduct during Examination
i.
Candidates must be seated at least 15 minutes before the
commencement of each examination. Thereafter, no
candidates will be allowed into the examination room
except at the discretion of the Chief Invigilator.
Candidates will not normally be allowed to leave the
examination room. Outside these periods, candidates
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may leave the room temporarily only if accompanied by
an attendant.
ii.
Candidates shall not be allowed to take into the
examination room or have in their possession during the
examination, any book or paper, mobile phone, printed
or written document (whether relevant to the
examination or not).
iii.
Any proven attempt made by candidate directly or
indirectly to influence the process of examination or any
part therefore with a view to obtaining undue advantage
shall lead to the candidate’s disqualification from the
whole examination.
iv.
Silence shall be maintained throughout the period of
examination and communication among the candidates
will not be allowed.
v.
Candidates shall comply with all instructions set out in
the examination answer booklet or other examinations
materials. They shall also comply with all instructions
given to them by the invigilators.
vi.
Whenever there is an alleged examination malpractice,
the candidates involved shall be required to make a
signed statement immediately. Failure to comply shall
constitute a serious offence and lead to disqualification
from the examination and any other disciplinary action
deemed appropriate. A proven case of examination
malpractice may lead to dismissal from the University.
vii.
Candidates must present themselves to all University
examinations for which they have been duly registered.
Candidates who fail to do so for reasons other than
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illness or accident attested to by the Chief Medical
Officer or the University shall be deemed to have scored
Zero in that examination.
(F) Pass – Mark
The minimum pass-mark in any course shall be 40%, (for
Prerequisite purpose, 35% is the specified minimum).
(G) Grading System: Grading of courses shall be done by a
combination of percentage marks and letter grades translated
into
graduated system of grade point equivalent. For the purpose of
determining a student’s standing.
At the end of every session, and for the final degree
classification, Grade Point Average (GPA) system shall be
calculated, that is:
GPA = TCP/TNU
Where
TCP (GP x Unit)
TNU (Total Units of courses taken),
TCP (Total Cumulative Point
Each course unit shall be graded out of a maximum of 100 marks and
assigned appropriate letter grade point equivalent as in the following
table:
LETTER GRADE
GRADE POINT
MARKS
70 AND ABOVE
A
5
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60 – 69
B
4
50 – 59
C
3
45 – 49
D
2
40 – 44
E
1
0 - 39
F
0
(H) Presentation of Results
Result from the Department shall be presented to and
considered by the College Board of Examiners at the end of
each semester. The standard format approved by Senate shall
be used. The approved results shall be forwarded through the
Head of Department and Dean to the University Exams &
Records Division for processing.
(I) Classification of Degree
The determination of the class of degree shall be based on the
Cumulative Grade Point Average at the 100, 200, 300 and 400
levels, the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) shall be
determined at the end of each semester taking into
consideration, all the courses so offered, and approximated to 2
decimal places.
The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) shall be used for
the determination of the class of degree according to the
following
ranges:
CGPA
4.50 – 5.00
CLASS OF DEGREE
First Class Honours
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16.
3.50 – 4.49
2.40 – 3.49
Second Class Upper
Second Class Lower
1.50 – 2.39
Third Class
1.0 – 1.49
Pass
COUNSELLING
Student’s counseling is an important activity of the Departments, which
is aimed at ensuring academic success for all the students. Students are
normally attached to a lecturer who is regarded as a senior partner for
the success of the students. The lecturer is referred to as the Level
Coordinator/Adviser. He/she is responsible to the entire students for
that level in each department.
17.
INFORMATION MEDIUM
(i)
Information meant for students are normally pasted on the
notice boards. It is the responsibility of students to go to
these boards regularly to ensure that they keep abreast of the
happenings in the Department and College as regards their
programme in the University. The Department and College
would therefore not be responsible for negligence on the part
of the students for failing to comply with any directives of
the departments or its units given through the medium of the
notice boards.
(ii)
Students’ Colloquium and Parents Forum
The University Management holds a ‘Students Colloquium’
at least once every semester for both students and lecturers.
This is an interactive session that touches on all aspects of
student life; that is welfare, student behavior, dressing and
attendance at church services and other related activities. In
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addition, the Parent Forum holds regular meetings at least
twice in a session to discuss
matters related to the welfare of their wards the good
governance, and progress of the University at large.
18.
DISCIPLINE
The College does not take kindly to acts of indiscipline on the part of
students. Degrees are awarded for deserving student by the Departments
having been found worthy in character and in learning.
Acts such as insubordination acts of violence or any behaviour that
borders on disrespect to the constituted authority of the University are
treated with utmost seriousness and appropriate punishment given,
when guilty. Students are, therefore, advised to take their studies
seriously and obey regulations.
19.
GENERAL STUDIES PROGRAMME
All students of the University are required to pass the General
Studies Programme courses (GST) as a condition for graduation.
The General Studies Courses are University based. These
include: Use of English/Library and Information Sources;
Introduction to logic and philosophy, Music Appreciation.
These (GST) courses are compulsory for all students
irrespective of their level of admission. This also applies to
students transferring from other Universities.
(i) Entrepreneurial Development Studies (EDS)
Based on the Federal Government directives to all Nigerian
Universities, the University has introduced two courses on
Entrepreneurship. These courses pertain to both theoretical and
practical aspects of Entrepreneurship and are taken by students at
the 200 Level and 300 Level in the College.
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20.
CODE OF CONDUCT
All students, be they freshmen or returning, are required to sign the
CRU code of conduct at the beginning of every session.
Without prejudice to existing rules and regulations, this code of conduct
shall guide the behavior of students in the university.
1. All secret cults, confraternities and similar organizations in the
university are illegal. Any students of the university found to be
member, sponsor, or patron of such organization shall be liable
to expulsion from the University.
2. The possession, carrying or use of arms and dangerous weapons
by the students on campus is illegal and any student found to
possess, carry or use such weapon shall be dismissed from the
university
3. Any student who threatens or in any way endangers the life of
any students or members or staff or engages in physical fight on
campus shall be liable to strict disciplinary action, which may
lead to expulsion. Students should in addition note and are
reminded that causing bodily harm, rape and threat to life are
criminal offences and will be reported to the police.
4. Consumption and use of alcoholic beverages and liquor on
campus by students are prohibited and any student caught using
and consuming such beverages and liquor shall face disciplinary
action.
5. All students, organizations, societies, clubs and association are
to be registered with the Students’ Affairs division with three
copies of their constitution and a list of the names of their
executive members, staff advisers, patrons and sponsors.
6. Students are also reminded that suspension from University is
suspension from participation in academic activity. Suspended
student who continues to attend or attempts to attend academic
lectures or course or participate in any other students’ activities
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on campus while suspension is still in force shall be summarily
expelled from the University
7. No mosque, church or any house of prayer or worship on the
campus shall be used as residence or for residential purposes by
any student. Any such building known or used as a residence or
for residential purposes shall be closed forthwith.
8. (a). The use of all Auditoria on campus shall be subject to
obtaining a written approval.
(b). All forms of students’ social activities that involve
drumming and singing should be restricted to the students
arcade.
9. Any student found defacing the University walls, posters and
other University property, disrupting academic activities for
whatever reason and taking over the work of the security
officers by locking the gate or hijacking vehicles will be liable
for severe disciplinary action, which may lead to suspension or
expulsion depending on the severity of such misconduct.
10. All posters and handbills for distribution by students must be
cleared and approved by Students’ Affair before distribution;
any contravention may lead to suspension .
11. Any student on probation for two consecutive periods shall be
asked to withdraw from the University. Students on probation
would not be considered for inter-faculty transfer.
12. Any interference on matters of discipline from whatever
quarters shall be resisted.
13. There must be strict adherence to a well-defined official line of
communication between students and the University authorities.
14. All religious activities including drumming and singing should
be restricted to the Chapel or Mosque.
15. Until further notice, no social and religious activities on the
University Campus should extend beyond 6.00p.m.
16. As much as the University respects freedom and appreciates the
maturity of our students with regards to mode of dressing and
comportment on the campus, indecent and sexually provocative
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dresses are not allowed. Students not properly dressed are
normally disallowed access to lecture halls, the library and other
official places. Lecturers and the official of the university have
the right to deny attention at offices or admission into lecture or
examination halls to students not properly or decently dressed.
17. All students are requested to report any infractions or
contravention of any of these rules or any other University rules
or regulations either to:
(i)
The Registrar
(ii)
Dean of students’ Affairs and /or
(iii) University Security Agents
21.
EXAMINATIONS
Examination Malpractices
The department frowns seriously at any act of examination malpractice.
The penalty for examination malpractice is expulsion.
Approved Procedure for the Re-Assessment of Examination Script
The complainant will submit in writing an application for re-marking
to the Head of Department clearly stating the reasons in writing and
copy the Vice-Chancellor and the Dean of the college. Student will then
pay a prescribed fee N1, 000 for a re-assessment. The Head of
Department conducts a discrete investigation into the request and takes
one of the following actions:
i)
Advises the student to drop the request if he finds no
substance in it.
ii)
Where a complainant is dissatisfied with advice of the head
of Department in (i) above, the following procedure will
operate
iii)
The complainant pays the sum of N3,000 to the University
iv)
Makes the request for remarking to the Dean of the College
through the Head of Department clearly stating his/her
reasons in writing.
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v)
Depending on the prevailing circumstances, the remarking
could be undertaking by the head of Department or any other
lecturer who could make professional judgment on the
course being remarked and on the lecturer. The Dean, in
consultation with the Head of the Department or any other
suitably qualified person, sends a sample representing the
spread of the grades in the course together with the questions
and making scheme to external examiner or any other expert
in the subject who is not lower in rank than the internal
examiner. The decision to the external examiner shall be
final and the Dean shall report the outcome of the exercise to
the Vice-Chancellor.
Any disciplinary action that might arise from a request for a re-marking
shall be treated according to existing regulations governing such
matters.
Re-sit Examination
There shall be NO RESIT EXAMINATION in any course offered.
However, students may retake the course after they have attended
lectures at the next available opportunity.
22.
STUDENTS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
It is the responsibility of each student to ensure the following:
(a) Prompt registration at the beginning of each semester
(b) Regular attendance at lectures
(c) Quick response to official calls
(d) Completion of all academic assignments
(e) Effective use of the library and studying at his/her convenience
(f) Close relationship with his or her level adviser
(g) Good preparation and success in all examinations
(h) Compliance with all rules and regulations of the university
(i) Eschew all acts that can lead to suspension or expulsion from
the university. Some of such serious acts are joining cult and
examination malpractice.
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Physics
To this end, students should know that their success or failure depends
on how they are able to manage their resources and comport themselves
in the university.
23.
STAFF OFFICE HOURS
Lecturers in the department keep office hours that are displayed on the
door of each academic staff.
ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
THE COURSE UNIT SYSTEM AND
GOVERNING THE AWARD OF A DEGREE
REGULATIONS
ACADEMIC INFORMATION
Crawford University runs the course unit system (cus). This
simply means the way courses offered in the University is
quantified in units as well as the quantification of an academic
session into semesters. each academic session is divided into
two semesters. These are: Harmattan semester and Rain
semester each semester consists of 15 teaching weeks and 2
weeks of examinations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE UNIT SYSTEM (CUS)
The CUS is an operational system in which the entire programme of
courses required by a student for a particular Degree is packaged into a
number of modules each consisting of a prescribed number of credits.
Usually one module is to be offered in one semester.
Thus, the student’s workload in a semester is defined in terms of credits
where one credit represents one hour of lecture or one hour of tutorials
or two to four hours of practical work per week throughout the
semester, normally of fifteen weeks’ duration. Depending on the
programme, a degree programme is normally packed into eight or ten
modules of courses for students coming through the University
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Physics
Matriculation Examination (U.M.E) and less for those coming by direct
entry or transfer.
MECHANISM OF THE COURSE UNIT SYSTEM (CUS)
(i)
Registration for courses
This is normally at the beginning of each semester. Each department
appoints an Adviser for each student whose duty it is to monitor the
student’s academic progress and advise him/her appropriately as to how
many units he/she should register for in that semester. The University
regulations for a semester stipulate a minimum of 15 credits and a
maximum of 24 credits for full time studentship.
The average number of credits (or workload) is about 20. Other
regulations governing registration such as the late registration and
penalty may be obtained from the Registry.
(ii)
Adding and Dropping Courses
A student may withdraw from a course for which he/she has
registered without running afoul of regulations on registration
and examination only with the approval of the Dean of his/her
College. Permission to withdraw from the course must be sought
by completing a drop form counter-signed by the course
instructor or the Head of Department.
(iii)
Continuous Assessment
This is a feature of the CUS, which makes it unique. It provides
for a continuous evaluation of the students academic
performance in a given course. The evaluation may take the
form of take-home assignment, tutorials, class tests and quizzes,
reports and any such other means as may be appropriate and
consistent with the objective and conduct of the course, as
determined by the department offering the Course. Assessment
of the performance in tests, tutorials etc. will be used in
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determining the student’s overall grade in the course and
constitute 30% or 40 % of the overall grade.
TERMINOLOGY
In order to understand the operation of the CUS, the following
are hereby explained.
(i)
Semester: A semester is one half of an academic year as
determined by Senate.
(ii)
Compulsory Course: A compulsory course is a University
course which must be registered for and passed by students before
obtaining a degree.
(iii)
Required Course: A required course is a course which the
student must register for and pass at 40% before a degree can be
awarded but which is not counted towards degree classification e.g.
General Studies, Library etc.
(iv)
Elective Course: an Elective Course is a course which may be
taken to make up the minimum required of units to increase the number
of units subject to the prescribed maximum allowed by the Regulations.
All electives must also be passed at 40 %.
(v)
Pre-requisite Course: A course, the knowledge of which is
essential, prior to taking another specified course.
(vi)
Concurrent Course: Specified courses, which must be taken
within the same semester
(vii) Audited Course: An audited course is a course which the
student attends but in which he or she is not examined
EXAMINATIONS AND GRADING SYSTEM
The issue of Examination is a logical follow-up of the discussion of
registration. The University has a set of Examination Regulations.
a) Pattern of Examinations: Each course shall be examined at
the end of the semester in which it is offered.
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b) Measurement of Performance: A student’s performances
in the Course shall be measured in terms of:
(a)
The scores in the continuous evaluation
(b)
The results of the prescribed theory and or practical
examinations in the course
LEVELS OF PERFORMANCE
The grades awarded for a course are as follows:
Mark Range (%)
Letter Grade
Interpretation
70 – 100
A
Excellent
60 – 69
B
Very Good
50 – 59
C
Good
45 – 49
D
Satisfactory
40 - 44
E
Fair only
0 – 39
F
Failure
Semester Performance
A student’s performance in a semester is computed to obtain the Grade
Point Average (GPA). This involves the awarding of credit points in
respect of each course taken during the semester. To this end, numerical
values are attached to the letter grades earlier mentioned as follows:
A
-
5
Credit points per unit of course
B
-
4
Credit points per unit of course
C
-
3
Credit points per unit of course
D
-
2
Credit points per unit of course
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E
-
1
Credit point per unit of course
F
-
0
Credit point per unit of course
The GPA is obtained as the ratio of the Total Weighted Grade
points (TWGP) to the Total Credit Offered (TCO) during the
semester. Thus GPA = TWGP ÷ TCO
Cumulative Performance
While the GPA specified above is used to measure the
performance of a student in a given semester, the Cumulative
Grade Point Average (CGPA) is the one that really determines
the student’s overall academic standing and therefore, his
continued stay or otherwise in the University. It is also the
CGPA that is used to classify the Degrees awarded Students in
their final year.
The CGPA is obtained as the ratio of all the weighted points
accumulated since entering the University to the total number of
credits units registered for since coming into the University.
In other words, CGPA is equal to the Total Credit Point (TCP)
divided by the Total Number of Units (TNU) offered thus TCP
÷TNU
All CGPA calculations are to two places of decimal.
Incomplete Grade
When for valid reasons, a student is unable to complete all the
prescribed requirements for a course in which he/she is formally
enrolled, he/she may, on the recommendation of the department
concerned, be awarded an incomplete grade. Such a grade shall
be removed when the department certifies that all prescribed
requirements have been met. But in any case, not later than one
semester after the course.
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Academic Probation
A Student who’s CGPA at the end of semester is less than 1.00
shall be placed on Academic Probation during the subsequent
semester.
Withdrawal from the University
A Student who is on academic probation in a semester and fails
to achieve a CGPA of at least 1.00 at the end of the session may
be advised to withdraw from the University.
Release of Examination Results
At the end of each semester, a provisional result of course
Examinations shall be published by the College Secretary soon
after the ratification of the recommendation of the College
Board of Examiners. The Registrar shall publish the final results
of the semester Examinations as soon as the Senate has
approved them.
Repetition of Courses
Any compulsory, elective or required course failed by a student
must be repeated until it is passed, or otherwise stated by the
regulations. A student may repeat only those courses in which
he has obtained a grade of F. The grade earned in a repeated
course shall be recorded and used in the computation of the
GPA, CGPA in the usual way.
Requirements for the Award of a Degree
To be eligible for the award of a Degree, a candidate must
satisfactorily complete the minimum number of credits
prescribed for the Degree. He/she must, in addition, complete
successfully all compulsory courses as well as the special and
free electives for the degree as prescribed. A repeated course
cannot be counted twice in fulfilling the requirement for
minimum number of units.
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Residency Requirements
To qualify for a Degree in the University, each candidate shall
normally be required to spend a minimum period of three, four
or five academic years at Crawford University depending on the
programme and mode of entry.
RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE CONDUCT
OF EXAMINATIONS
ELIGIBILITY
All students who are registered for courses in a given semester
are eligible to sit for examinations in those courses except
students in the following categories:
(i)
a student who is absent from the University for upwards
of three weeks without official permission. Such student
shall normally be deemed by Senate to have withdrawn
from the Course and its examination for that semester,
(ii)
a student who fails to attend up to 70 percent of lectures
or practical in any course.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Candidates shall:
(i)
Be admitted into the examination hall only on the
production of the University identity card,
(ii)
Ensure that he/she acquaints himself/herself with and
adheres strictly to the instruction governing
examinations in the University, including those printed
on the front cover of the examination answer booklets,
(iii)
have the full responsibility of ensuring, before the
commencement of any examination or test, that nothing
incriminating is found on his/her person or on materials
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he/she legitimately brought into examination hall ,e.g.
rulers, four figure tables, etc.,
(iv)
Conduct him/herself in an orderly manner and obey all
the instructions of the invigilator/examiner,
(v)
Not be engaged in, or attempt any manner of
examination malpractice,
(vi)
Not go into the examination hall before they are allowed
in by the invigilators. They are also advised to keep
strictly to the seating arrangement to avoid confusion.
No candidate should, under any circumstances, remove
chairs arranged in halls used for examination purposes,
(vii)
Report at the examination venues punctually at the time
scheduled for their papers. Candidates arriving later than
half an hour for an examination may be refused entry
into the examination hall,
(viii)
bring with them to the examination hall their own ink,
pen, ruler, eraser and pencil and any material which may
be permitted by this regulation (as stated
hereunder).They are however, not allowed to bring any
books or papers, except those that may be permitted or
provided by the Department responsible for the
examination being held. Candidates are warned in their
own interest to ensure that lecture notes, textbooks,
jotters, bags or any other unauthorized materials or aids
etc are not brought into the examination hall,
(ix)
Not be allowed to be in possession of Mobile Phones or
equivalent handsets in the examination hall. While any
examination is in progress, no handset should, therefore,
be found on any candidate,
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(x)
Not engage in communication of any kind with one
another during the examination. Any candidate found to
be giving or receiving irregular assistance shall face
disciplinary action,
(xi)
Observe silence in the examination hall. The only
permitted way of attracting the attention of the
invigilator is for the candidate to raise his/her hand,
(xii)
Not use scrap paper. Rough work must be done in the
answer booklet, crossed neatly through and submitted
along with the answer booklet/script,
(xiii) Bring their own mathematical or drawing instruments.
Personal copies of Mathematical Table will not be
allowed in the examination hall (see Regulation 2.18 on
the use of calculator),
(xiv)
Use their Matriculation number for the examination
and not names,
(xv)
Before handing in their answer scripts at the end of the
examination, satisfy themselves that they have inserted,
at the appropriate place, their Matriculation numbers and
the numbers of the questions answered, except for the
question paper and any other materials they may have
legitimately brought with them. Candidates are not
allowed to remove or mutilate any paper or materials
supplied by the University,
(xvi)
Not normally be permitted to leave the examination hall
during the first and last 30 minutes of any examination,
(xvii) At the end of an examination remain seated while
invigilators go from row to row to collect answer scripts,
and
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(xviii) Be required to sign against their Matriculation Number
on the Attendance Register at the beginning of the
examination and when submitting the answer
booklet/script.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(i)
USE OF CALCULATORS
For examinations in certain courses, the use of electronic
calculators is permitted, but the calculators must be nonprogrammable. Only one calculator shall be allowed per
candidate. Organizers are not permitted.
The calculator must be small (hand-held) and battery
operated.
A candidate must not borrow another candidate’s
calculator during an examination. The responsibility for
correct operation of the calculator rests with the
candidate alone.
Instruction manuals, organizers, calculator packets and
containers are forbidden in the examination halls.
Invigilators and Examinations Assistants shall confiscate
them whenever and wherever they are discovered in the
examination halls.
Calculators must be switched off on entry into the
examination room and can only be turned on when ready
to be used.
Candidates shall declare their calculators and make them
available for inspection by invigilators on entry into the
examination hall.
Contravention of any of these regulations shall constitute
examination malpractice or misconduct.
INSTRUCTIONS TO INVIGILATORS
Invigilators shall normally allow candidates into the Hall
ten (10) minutes before the commencement of the
examination and ensure that they sit in an orderly
manner in spaces marked according to their
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Physics
Matriculation Numbers. Blank answer booklets and
graph papers, where required, shall then be distributed.
(ii)
About five (5) minutes before the commencement of the
examination, the envelopes containing the question
papers shall be opened and the papers distributed face
down, while the candidates are warned not to start until
they are told to do so.
(iii) At the scheduled time for the commencement of the
examination and after the distribution of papers has
ended, the Invigilators shall ask the candidates to start,
and note the exact time of commencement and the exact
time to end the examinations, depending on the amount
of time allowed for the various examinations holding in
the hall.
(iv)
Invigilators shall pass round the candidates the
Attendance Registers corresponding to their courses for
the candidates to fill and sign at the beginning and end of
the examination.
(v)
Invigilators shall familiarize themselves with
instructions to candidates and enforce the rules and
regulations contained in these instructions.
(vi)
Invigilators shall exercise constant and vigilant
supervision over the candidates.
(vii) In any case of examination misconduct by candidates,
the Chief Invigilator shall require the candidate(s)
concerned to write and sign a statement on the incident,
and allow the candidate(s) to proceed with the
examination. The Chief Invigilator shall report such
cases to the Dean, the Chief Examiner and Head of
Department concerned within 24 hours.
(viii) Invigilators shall ensure that candidates bring only
authorized materials into the examination hall. Bags,
books and other candidates' properties must be left
outside the Examination Hall. For this purpose,
Invigilators shall inspect the hall after candidates have
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Physics
been seated before the commencement of each
examination.
(ix)
No candidate may leave the examination hall during the
first half-hour of an examination except to go to the rest
room or the first-aid room, accompanied by an attendant
or Invigilator.
(x)
Normally, no candidate shall be admitted after the first
half hour of the examination, and no question paper shall
be removed from the hall before the first-hour of the
examination has elapsed.
(xi)
If any candidate finishes his/her paper before the time
required, the Chief Invigilator may at his/her discretion
allow the candidate to submit his/her answer booklet and
depart,
(xii) Invigilators should ensure that silence is maintained in
the examination hall. The only way of attracting the
attention of the invigilator is the candidate to raising
his/her hand.
(xiii) Invigilators must warn candidates of the time, 30
minutes and 5 minutes before the close of an
examination.
(xiv) At the close of each examination, invigilators should go
round to collect from candidates their answer
booklets/scripts and check them against the Attendance
Register. The candidates should sign the Attendance
Register and be allowed to leave.
(xv) The invigilators should enclose the collected answer
booklets/ scripts and the corresponding Attendance
Registers in the special envelopes provided by the Chief
Examiner.
(xvi) The Chief Invigilator should sign and seal the envelopes
and submit them to the Chief Examiners concerned.
ABSENCE FROM EXAMINATION
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Candidates must present themselves at such University
Examinations for which they have registered under these
regulations. Candidates who fail to do so for reasons other than
ill-health, accident or other exceptional causes shall be deemed
to have failed that examination. .
Mis-reading of the time-table and such lapses on the part of the
candidates shall not be accepted as a satisfactory explanation for
absence.
A student who falls ill during an examination should report in
writing to the Dean of his/her College through his/her Head of
Department with a report from the University's Director of the
Health Care Unit.
A student who is absent from an examination on account of
illness confirmed by Medical evidence from the University
Health Care may obtain the permission of Senate to make up the
examination on another occasion. Otherwise, he/she shall take
the regular examination on the following occasion. Approval
for a make-up examination shall be by Senate on the
recommendation of College Board.
EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT
Examination Malpractices include:
a)
Possession of question papers before examination/test or
an attempt to do so,
b)
Swapping
examination/test,
of
answer
before,
during
or
after
a) bringing into the examination hall any unauthorized piece(s)
of paper whatsoever,
b) tattooing: inscription of answers, hints or codes thereof on
any part of the candidate's body/dress, or in any other
manner whatsoever,
38
Physics
c) passing information from one candidate to another in the
examination hall,
d) seeking or soliciting any assistance whatsoever from any
other student or any other unauthorized person in the
examination hall,
e) any disorderly conduct before, during or after any
examination or test,
f) pre-arranged sitting pattern by any student or group of
students in the examination hall with a view to facilitating
unauthorized exchange of information,
g) a candidate arranging with another person to write an
examination on his/her behalf,
h) unauthorized possession of the University answer Booklets
or attempts thereof,
i) assaulting/manhandling Invigilator and/or attendant,
j) any action or inaction of any student in and around the
examination hall, which is inimical to or subversive of the
integrity of the university examination process, such as the
offences listed above, shall constitute examination
misconduct and
k) Offering
information/assistance
and
accepting
information/assistance from another student during
examination is a breach of examination regulations and both
carry equal punishments.
HANDLING OF CASES OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
(i)
Examination misconduct shall be processed through the
Students’ Disciplinary Committee.
(ii)
The Chief Invigilator shall require the candidates
concerned to write and sign a statement on the incident
and allow the candidates to proceed with the
examination.
(iii)
The Chief Invigilator shall write forward the case to the
Chief Seurity Officer who will investigate the case and
39
Physics
after investigation, shall forward his recommendation to
the Head of Department concerned who will report to the
Dean.
(iv)
On receiving the report, the Dean shall after writing his
own comment shall forward the case to the Vice
Chancellor.
(v)
At his discretion, the Vice Chancellor may act on the
report submitted by the Dean or forward it to the Student
Disciplinary Committee for advice.
At the discretion of the Chief Invigilator, a candidate
may be required to leave the examination room when
his/her conduct is judged to be disturbing or likely to
disturb the examination. The Chief Invigilator shall
submit a written report on any such action to the Head of
Department and the Dean of his/her College immediately
after the end of the examination.
(vi)
EXAMINATION OFFENCES AND SANCTIONS
Examination offences and sanctions to be imposed are as follows:
S/N
Punishment
(maximum)
Offence
Unless otherwise stated
(i)
Non-display of ID card
Rustication
(ii)
Noise
making
examination
(iii)
Refusal to submit oneself for search Rustication
by an Invigilator
semester
during
an Rustication
for
one
40
Physics
(iv)
Use of scrap papers with written Expulsion
notes in Examination hall
(v)
Irregular
possession
of
the Expulsion
University Answer sheets (Whether
used or unused)
(vi)
Mutilation or removal of any paper Expulsion
or answer script supplied
(vii)
Failure to submit answer script to Expulsion
invigilator after an examination
(viii)
Oral
communication
between Expulsion
candidates during an examination
(ix)
Communication involving passing Expulsion
of notes or other accessories to aid
performance in an examination
(x)
Possession or use of any material Expulsion
such as notes, scraps, etc, to aid
performance in an examination
(xi)
Refusal to sit for and/or preventing Expulsion
other students from sitting for an
examination
(xii)
Smuggling of prepared answer
scripts into an examination hall or
submission of same under false Expulsion
pretence that they were prepared in
the examination hall.
(xiii)
Smuggling of cell phones or Expulsion
unauthorized books into the
41
Physics
Examination
(xiv)
Possession and/or acquisition of live Expulsion
Question paper
(xv)
Arrangement with another person to Expulsion
write Examination
(xvi)
Assault on Invigilator
Examination Attendant
and
/or Expulsion
(xvii) Absence from examination without Appropriate Sanction
due Authority
Any other misconduct concerning examination (not being one of those
listed above), which is inimical to or subversive to the integrity of the
University examination process, shall be an offence, which could attract
appropriate sanction.
42
Physics
HOD REMARKS
For a long time, the National Policy on Education in Nigeria has been
geared towards the development of Science, Technology and
Mathematics (STM). To ensure this development, the admission quota
for university admission has been 60% for Science and 40% for Arts
and Humanities. Up till now this ratio has not been achieved in most
Nigerian Universities. Enrolment for courses in Physics and
Mathematics had been on the lowest ebb.
To support this national goal, Crawford University is offering a fouryear B.Sc. degree program in Physics with Electronics in order to
attract suitable and willing candidates to pursue this programme. The
question is why do students dread the study of Physics and or
Mathematics?
Science and Mathematics are actually abstract in nature. It is this
abstract nature of science that makes students to dread its
study.However, when the study of physics is made to be meaningful
and worthwhile, the benefit of the study becomes obvious. This is why
the Physics with Electronics Department is focusing on the learning of
Physics and how it is applied in the field of Electronics. Modern human
devices nowadays are electronic in nature. Examples of such devices
are the Mobile telephones, the Personal Computers, the Tape Recorders,
the Digital Cameras to name but a few; are much around
This new edition of the Students’ Handbook therefore places emphasis
on general development in science and mathematics during the first two
years in the department. It then focuses on the advanced theories,
principles, laws of physics and basic practical electronics in the last two
years. It is hoped that this type of training will enhance the desired goal
in physics education and make our graduates more marketable in the
world of science, technology and mathematics
Prof. M. B. Asokhia,
Head of Programme,
Physics with Electronics.
43
Physics
PHYSICS WITH
ELECTRONICS
44
Physics
45
Physics
NON-ACADEMIC STAFF
(TECHNICAL STAFF)
T.T.ONYEABOR
HND (Bida),PGDE(Kaduna)
M.G. EZRA
NABTEB
Technologist
Laboratory Attendant
PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES
1.0
PHILOSOPHY
The degree programme is geared towards an in-depth
acquisition of the right type of skills, scientific knowledge,
competence and norms in both the theoretical and the
experimental aspects of the subject and its related
disciplines.
To ensure this, the products of the programme shall be
capable of making meaningful contributions towards the
realization of the national dream of a sound scientific base
for technological and industrial advancement.
1.1
OBJECTIVES
The degree programme aims at providing the students with
an Intellectual Environment favourable for the study of
Physics/Electronics and related disciplines, so that, at the end of
the training, the products should be able to:
1.
pursue research activities and programmes in various fields
of Applied Physics;
2.
work in several public establishments such as Meteorology,
Telecommunications, Aviation, Energy Centres, and
Medical Physics, as well as in private establishments and
manufacturing companies;
46
Physics
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.0
decide to become Physics teachers so as to maintain the
important cycle of producing the future generations of
Physicists.
Develop the capacity to supervise and advise industries and
other productive sectors of the Nigeria economy;
Specialize further into any of the engineering fields such as
electrical Engineering , Computer Technology, etc;
Discover the existing local materials for use, or other
sources of energy in their immediate environment.
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
The minimum admission requirements for the four-year
programme in Physics/Electronics are five SSCE/GCE credit
passes (or their equivalents) in English Language,
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and any other relevant
subject.
For the UME; they should offer English Language, Physics,
Mathematics and Chemistry.
1.
The minimum admission requirements for the three-year
programme (Direct Entry) are GCE ‘A’ Level passes (or their
equivalents) in Physics and Mathematics in addition to GCE
‘O’
level credits (or their equivalents) in, at least, English
Language,
Physics, Chemistry and one other relevant subject with both
results being obtained at not more than two sittings and
provided no subject is counted twice. Appropriate passes in the
NCE examination may be accepted.
47
Physics
COURSE STRUCTURE
100 LEVEL HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
COURS
E
CODE
COURSE TITLE
STATUS
UNITS
LECTURE
HRS
PRACTICAL
HRS
TUTOR
IAL
BIO
101
General Biology I
C
3
30
00
00
CHM
101
General Chemistry
I(Physical
and
Inorganic)
C
3
30
00
00
CHM
107
Experimental
Chemistry
(Physical/
Inorganic)
C
1
00
15
00
CIT
101
Introduction
to
General Computing
C
3
30
00
00
GST
101
Use of English /
Library & Info
Sources I
C
2
20
00
00
GST10
5
Introduction Logic
and Philosophy
C
2
20
00
00
MTH
101
Elementary
Mathematics I
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
101
General Physics 1
C
3
30
00
00
GST
103
Music Appreciation
I
R
1
20
00
00
TOTAL
21
48
Physics
100 LEVEL RAIN SEMESTER COURSES
COURSE
CODE
COURSE
TITLE
STATUS
UNITS
LECTURE
HRS
PRACTICAL
HRS
TUTORIAL
CHM
102
General
Chemistry II
(Organic )
C
3
30
00
00
GST
102
Use
Of
English
/Library &
Info. Sources
II
C
2
20
00
00
GST
110
History and
Philosophy
of Science
C
2
20
00
00
STA
122
Introduction
to
Probability
Theory 1
C
3
30
00
00
MTH
112
Elementary
Mathematics
II
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
102
General
Physics II
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
105/106
General
Physics
Laboratory II
C
2
00
45
00
CHM
108
General
Chemistry
Lab.
R
1
00
15
00
GST
104
Music
Appreciation
II
R
1
10
15
00
TOTAL
20
49
Physics
You are expected to register all compulsory and required courses and pass
them.
200 LEVEL
200 LEVEL HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
COURSE
CODE
CIT
205
COURSE TITLE
Computer
Programming I
STATUS
UNITS
LECTURE
HRS
PRACTICAL
HRS
TUTORIAL
C
3
30
00
00
(C-Structure
Programming)
GST
201
Entreprenuerial
Development
Studies I
C
1
10
00
00
MTH
201
Abstract
and
Linear Algebra
C
3
30
00
00
MTH
231
Ordinary
Differential
Equations
C
3
30
00
00
STA
203
Statistics
Physical
Sciences
for
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
201
Elementary
Modern Physics
C
3
300
00
00
PHY
205
Waves
Optics
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
207
Experimental
Physics I
C
1
10
00
00
PHY
203
Engineering
Drawing
R
2
20
00
00
and
50
Physics
GST
207
Music
Appreciation III
R
10
1
TOTAL
00
00
23
You are expected to register all compulsory and required courses and pass
them.
200 LEVEL RAIN SEMESTER COURSES
COURS
E
CODE
COURSE TITLE
STATU
S
UNIT
S
LECTUR
E HRS
PRACTICA
L HRS
TUTORIA
L
GST
202
ENTERPRENUERI
AL DEV. STUDIES
II
C
1
10
00
00
GST
204
ENTERPRENUERI
AL DEV. STUDIES
III
C
1
10
00
00
MTH
202
Real Analysis
Non Major
for
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
202
Electric Circuits and
Electronics I
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
204
Thermal Physics
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
206
Energy
Environment
C
1
10
00
00
PHY
208
Experimental
Physics I
C
1
00
15
00
PHY
210
Computational
Physics I
C
2
20
00
00
and
51
Physics
MTH
242
Introduction
to
Numerical Analysis
R
3
20
00
00
GST
208
Music Appreciation
IV
R
1
10
00
00
TOTAL
19
300 LEVEL HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
COURS
E CODE
COURSE TITLE
STATU
S
UNIT
S
LECTUR
E HRS
PRACTICA
L HRS
TUTORIA
L
MTH
307
Complex
Analysis I
C
3
30
00
00
MTH
323
Vector
And
Tensor Analysis
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
301
Analytical
Mechanics I
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
303
Electromagnetis
m
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
305
Quantum
Physics
C
2
20
00
00
PHY
307
Network
Analysis
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
311
Electronics II
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
315
Experimental
Physics II
C
1
00
15
00
TOTAL
21
300 LEVEL RAIN SEMESTER COURSES
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
STATUS
UNITS
LECTURE
HRS
PRACTICAL
HRS
TUTORIAL
52
Physics
PHY
300
Industrial
Attachment
C
6
00
6months
00
PHY
302
Analytical
Mechanics II
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
304
Electromagnetic
Waves
and
Optics
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
306
Statistical
Thermal
Physics
&
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
312
Fundamental of
Digital
Electronics
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
314
Solid
State
Physics I
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
316
Experimental
Physics II
C
1
00
15
00
TOTAL
22
400 LEVEL HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
STAT
US
UNI
TS
LECT
URE
HRS
PRACTI
CAL
HRS
TUTORIAL
MTH
417
Complex Analysis II
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
403
Quantum Mechanics 1
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
405
Nuclear
Physics I
C
3
30
00
00
PHY
Experimental Physics III
C
2
00
60
00
and
Particle
53
Physics
407
PHY
409
Computational Physics II
C
2
20
00
00
PHY
411
Physics
Society/Seminar
and
C
2
00
00
00
PHY
413
Introduction
Telecommunication
to
C
2
20
00
00
PHY
417
Solid State Physics II
C
2
20
00
00
PHY
419
General Relativity
E
2
20
00
00
PHY
421
Solar, Wind and Biomass
Energy
E
2
20
00
00
PHY
423
Geophysics I
E
2
20
00
00
TOTAL 21
TOTAL
400 LEVEL RAIN SEMESTER COURSES
COURSE
CODE
COURSE TITLE
STAT
US
UNITS
LECTURE
HRS
PRACTICAL
HRS
TUTORI
AL
PHY
499
Final Year Project
C
6
00
00
00
PHY
Mathematical
Methods
Physics II
C
3
30
00
00
Quantum
Mechanics II
C
3
30
00
00
Modern Optics
C
3
30
00
00
404
PHY
In
406
PHY
54
Physics
408
R
2
20
00
00
410
Electrical
Measurement and
Instrumentation
PHY
412
Nuclear
And
Particle Physics II
E
2
20
00
00
PHY
414
Microwave
Theory
and
Applications
E
2
20
00
00
PHY
416
Biophysics
E
2
20
00
00
PHY
418
Geophysics II
E
2
20
00
00
PHY
TOTAL
19
55
Physics
COURSE CONTENTS
100 LEVEL HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
PHY 101: GENERAL PHYSICS 1 (MECHANICS) (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-Credit in ‘O’Level Physics and Mathematics
CO-REQUISITE -MTH 101
Space and Time, Frames of Reference, Units and dimensions, Vector
Algebra,Particle Kinematics-displacement, Velocity, acceleration;
Rectilinear motion,; Newton’s laws of motion; work, energy and power;
conservation of energy; impulse and momentum, collisions; uniform
circular motion; Rotation; Relation between equations of linear motion
and rotational motion; conservation of angular momentum, momentum,
moments of inertia; Galilean invariance, universal gravitational law ;
hydrostatics; Archimedes’ principle, surface tension; Fluid flow and
viscosity, Poiseuille’s law.
PHY 103: (ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM) (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-Credit
in
‘O’Level
Physics
and
Mathematics
CO-REQUISITE-MTH 123
Electric charges and fields; conductors and insulators; charging by
friction and induction; Coulomb’s Electric field and Potential;
capacitor and dielectrics; Effect of dielectrics, electric current,
direct current circuits; Kirchoff’s laws, magnetic fields of electric
current; forces and torques in magnetic fields; Ammeters and
Voltmeters; induced e.m.f. Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law.
Inductance and Capacitance; Alternating Current Series Circuits.
Maxwell’s equation; electromagnetic oscillations and waves;
Applications.
56
Physics
100-LEVEL RAIN SEMESTER COURSES
PHY 102:
&OPTICS)
(3 UNITS)
GENERAL PHYSICS II (HEAT, SOUND
Temperature measurement, thermometers, heat transfer, kinetic
theory, structure of matter, Brownian motion, first and second laws
of thermodynamics, transverse and longitudinal waves, standing
waves, intensity, beats, Doppler effect, electromagnetic spectrum,
Huygens’s principle, images formed by a single surface, thin
lenses, aberrations, the eye, optical instruments, interference, single
slit diffraction, diffraction grafting, polarization, Malus’s law.
PHY 104: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS (2 UNITS)
Theory of atomic structure, Thompson, Rutherford and Bohr’s
theories, thehydrogen atom. Properties of the electron, charge to
mass ratio (e/m), Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, Millikan’s
experiment. Properties of the nucleus, natural radioactivity. Waveparticle duality of light, X-rays, photo electricity, thermionic
emission, diode valve
*PHY 105/106: GENERAL PHYSICS LABORATORY:
(2 UNITS)
This introductory course emphasizes quantitative measurements,
the treatment of measurement errors, and graphical analysis. A
variety of experimental techniques will be employed. The
experiments include studies of meters, the oscilloscope, mechanical
systems, electrical and mechanical resonant systems,
light, heat, viscosity, etc., covered in PHY 101, and PHY 103
57
Physics
*This course is taken over the Harmattan and Rain Semesters.
200 LEVEL
HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
PHY 201: ELEMENTARY MODERN PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE: PHY 102 or PHY 104
Special Relativity; space-time manifold; Euclidean and Galilean
geometry, the speed of light; the Lorentz Covariance;
transformation of velocities, length contraction and time dilation,
Applications. Defects in Newtonian Mechanics; Experimental basis
of quantum theory: Black body radiation; electrons and quanta;
Bohr’s theory of atomic structure; De-Broglie hypothesis; the
uncertainty principle; Schrödinger’s equation and simple
applications.
PHY 203: ENGINEERING DRAWING (2 UNITS)
Lettering, dimensioning, Engineering Layout, Engineering
graphics, geometrical figures, graphical calculation and application
development, intersection of curves & solid, projection lines,
planes and simple solids, orthographic and isometric projection.
Simple examples, treaded fasteners, pictorial/freehand sketching –
conventional practices.Introduction to Computer graphics.
PHY 205: WAVES AND OPTICS (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITES-PHY101,PHY 102, AND MTH 112
Waves phenomena; Acoustical Waves; the harmonic Oscillator and
coupled system, reduced mass; waves on a string; energy in wave
motion; longitudinal waves; standing waves; group and phase
velocity; Free and false vibration, resonance. Doppler effect;
physical Optics; Spherical Waves; interference and diffraction, thin
films; crystal diffraction, holography; dispersion and scattering.
Geometrical Optics; Waves and rays; reflection at a spherical
58
Physics
surface, thin lenses, optical lenses; mirrors and prisms, Fresnel biprism and Franhofer diffraction.
PHY 202: ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS I :
(3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-PHY 103
D.C. Circuits; Kirchoff’s Laws, Sources of e.m.f and Current,
network analysis and circuit theorems.A.C. Circuits. Inductance,
capacitance, the transformer, sinusoidal wave-forms,rms and peak
values, power, impedance and admittance, series RLC Circuit, Q
factor, Resonance, network analysis and Circuit theorems, Filters.
Electronics; Semiconductors, the Pn-junction, field effect
transistors, bipolar transistors, characteristics and equivalent
Circuits, amplifiers, feedback, Oscillators, multivibretors.
PHY 204: THERMAL PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITES-PHY 103, MTH 123
The Foundations of Classical thermodynamics including the Zeroth
law of thermodynamics and the definition of temperature; the First
Law, work, heat and internal energy; Crms speed; Heat engine,
Carnot Cycles and the Second Law; Entropy and Irreversibility,
Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell’s relations. Application:
Qualitative discussion of phase transitions: Third Law of
Thermodynamics; ideal and real gases. Elementary kinetic theory
of gases including Boltzmann Distribution law, Stefan-Boltzmann
Constant, Maxwell-Boltmann Law of distribution of Velocities,
simple applications of the distribution law.
PHY 206: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (1 UNIT)
Energy and Power; principles, demands and outlook;
transformation of energy and its costs; thermal pollution; electrical
energy from fossil fuels, hydroelectric generation: Principles and
Problems. Costs, Capacity, Storage, reserves, efficiency, new
59
Physics
environmental effects. Electrical energy from nuclear reactors;
energy in the future breeder reactors; fusion power, solar power,
geothermal power, tidal power, etc.promises and problems.
Lectures (15)/ Excursions.
PHY 208: EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 1 (2 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITES: PHY 105
This course is taken over the Harmattan and Rain Semester.
The laboratory course consists of a group of experiments drawn
from diverse areas of physics (Optics, Electromagnetism,
Mechanics, Modern Physics, etc). It is accompanied by seminar
studies of standard experimental techniquesand the analyses of
famous and challenging experiments
PHY 210: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS I (2 UNITS)
Numerical computing basics. Error analysis and iteration. Linear
equations:
Horner
nested;
Gaussian
Elimination
and
Pivoting;Gauss-Seidel iteration; Jacobi method; LU decomposition;
Over determined systems. Roots of Non linear Equations:
Bisection method; Newton-Rhapson method; Regular Falsi
method. Interpolation and curve fitting:
Lagrange and Newton Method, piecewise polynomial; Cubic
splines and least square fit. Linear regression.Data Fitting.
300 LEVEL HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
PHY 301: ANALYTICAL MECHANICS 1 (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITES MTH 202 & MTH 242
Newtonian Mechanics; motion of a particle in one, two and three
dimensions; systems of particles and collision theory; Newtonian
gravitation; conservative forces and potentials, oscillations, central
force problems; accelerated frames of reference; rigid body
dynamics; generalized motion; mechanics of continuous media.
60
Physics
PHY 303: ELECTROMAGNETISM (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-PHY 103, PHY 201, MTH 112
Electrostatics and magnetostatics, Laplace’s equation and boundary
value problems, method of image, multipole expansions, dielectric
and magnetic materials, Faraday’s law, Maxwell’s equations,
Electrostatics in matter and radiation EMR.
PHY 305: QUANTUM PHYSICS (2UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-PHY 201
Wave particle duality and the Uncertainty Principle; basic
principles of the quantum theory; energy levels in potential wells;
reflection and transmission of potential barriers; Atomic and
molecular structure and spectre; nuclear structure and reactions,
fission and fusion; magnetic resonance; elementary particles.
PHY 307: NETWORK ANALYSIS (2 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE- 202
Fundamentals of network theory.The lumped network model;
Kirchoff’s laws, energy, power, network elements for the variety of
types of network.Formulating network equations. AC circuit;Timedomain state description of RLC network with dependent sources.
Natural responses of linear networks, impulse response and
convolution.Frequency-domain response of linear network and
relation to natural frequencies. Applications of PSpice programme
to basic circuit designs and simulations
PHY 311: ELECTRONICS II (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-PHY 202
Introduction to transistors (BJT and FET), construction and
operation, parameters, different configurations (CB, CE, CC, CG,
CS, CD).Transistor operations, biasing and stabilization, multistage
amplifiers, direct, capacitive and transformer coupling, frequency
response, feedback concept, general characteristics of feedback
amplifiers, Opamp, high frequency limitations; transistor noise.
61
Physics
Power amplifiers, classes A, B and C; Stabilized power supplies for
electronics equipment
300 LEVEL RAIN SEMESTER COURSES
PHY 300: INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (6 UNITS)
Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)
PHY 302: ANALYTICAL MECHANICS II (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITES- PHY 210, PHY 301
Degree of freedom; generalized coordinates, Lagrange’s
formulation of mechanics; Applications.Central force, canonical
transformation.The calculus of variations and the action
principle.Hamilton’s
formulation
of
mechanics,
Application.Invariance and conservation laws. Oscillatory Systems,
including damped, forced and coupled oscillations; Normal modes.
PHY 304: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND OPTICS (3
UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE – PHY 303
Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic potentials.The wave
equation.Propagation
of
plane
waves.Reflection
and
refraction.Transmission lines, Wave guides and Resonant Cavities,
antenna; Radiation, Geometrical Optics, Interference of
Waves.Diffraction.
PHY 306: STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS (3
UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-PHY 204, PHY 201
Basic concept of statistical mechanics; microscopic basis of
thermodynamics and applications to macroscopic systems,
condensed states, phase transformations, quantum distributions;
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Physics
elementary kinetic theory of transport processes, fluctuation
phenomena and applications.
*PHY 308: EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS II (2 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-PHY 208
A year –long series of mini-courses on important experimental
techniques. Topics covered include electronics, optics, electricity,
atomic, molecular, nuclear and low temperature physics, statistics
and data handling and scientific writing.
PHY 312: FUNDAMENTAL OF DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (3
UNITS)
PRE -REQUISITE-PHY 202
Logic gates ( AND, OR, INVERTER, NOR, NAND, XOR and
XNOR); Boolean algebra; combinational logic; De-morgan’s
theorem, K-map; Integrated circuits (ICS), flip flop (JK, SR, D),
counters and registers; Hardware building blocks, logic unit,
memories devices ( RAM, ROM,PROM, EPROM, EEPROM,
SDRAM), interfacing CMOS and TTL, fan-out, application to
programming principles, Introduction to microprocessor.
PHY 314: SOLID STATE PHYSICS I (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-PHY 201
Crystal structure; diffraction; Bragg’s Condition. X-ray scattering,
reciprocal lattice, crystal binding and mechanical properties, ionic,
covalent and metal crystal, Defects in crystal: effects of defects on
physical properties, lattice vibrations; elastic wave in cubic
crystals; free electron model, heat capacity, electrical and thermal
conductivities.
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Physics
400 LEVEL HARMATTAN SEMESTER COURSES
PHY 403: QUANTUM MECHANICS 1 (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE-MTH 231
The formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of state vectors,
linear operator’s three dimensional spherically symmetric
potentials. The theory of angular momentum and spin, identical
particles and the exclusion principle, Methods of approximation,
multi-election atoms.
PHY 405: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
CO-REQUISITE: PHY 403
Nuclear structure properties; nuclear size; nuclear masses; nuclear
forces, nucleon-nucleon scattering, the deuteron, nuclear
models.Radioactive decay.Alpha, beta, and gamma decays.Nuclear
reactions.
*PHY 407: EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS III (2 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE- PHY 308
This course involves performing advanced experiments in selected
areas of physics especially in atomic and nuclear physics.
PHY 409: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS II (2 UNITS)
Use of numerical methods in Physics: solutions to linear and nonlinear equations, various methods of numerical integration,
differentiation, numerical solutions of some differential equations
in Physics, statistical analysis of experimental data.
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Physics
PHY 411: PHYSICS AND SOCIETY/SEMINAR (2 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE- PHY 206
Historical development of physics as a discipline: Physics and
technology; computerization; communications systems; sources of
energy; review of national science policy; mechanics of policy
making: Principles and practice of self-employment;
entrepreneurship; investment and financial policies and agencies;
science and sociological impacts; physics and industrialization;
Course lectures will be supplemented with students’ seminars,
guest lecturers and excursions.
PHY413: INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATION
(2 UNITS)
Modulation AM and FM, sideband and bandwidth, medium of
propagation (free space, wire pair, coax and fibre optics)
multiplexing (FDM, TDM), sampling, surface wave, sky wave and
space wave, antenna, radio and T.V systems; telephone,
instruments, time losses; noise I and II networks; radar and
navigational aids; data transmission.
PHY 417: SOLID STATE PHYSICS II (2 UNITS)
Electrical, Optical and Magnetic properties of materials: Free electron
theory, band model,
types of conductors, semi-conductors,
insulators, dielectric and polymers, conductivity of semiconductors,
polarization and elastomars, superconductivity, electron spin,
diamagnetism, ferromagnetism; magnetic domains, soft and hard
magnetic materials, ferrites.
PHY 499: FINAL YEAR PROJECT (6 UNITS)
The course offers students the opportunity to do research in
contemporary physics and under the supervision of staff. A
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Physics
detailed report on the research is presented by the student when the
project is completed. It is a two-semester course.
400 LEVEL RAIN SEMESTER COURSES
PHY 404: MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS II (3
UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE – PHY 401,MTH 303
Linear algebra and functional analysis: Transformation in linear
vector spaces and matrix theory. Hilbert space and complete sets of
orthogonal functions. Special functions of mathematical physics:
The gamma functions, hyper geometric functions; Legendre
functions; Bessel functions; Hermite and Leguerre functions. The
Dirac delta function , Integral Transform. Application of transform
methods to the solution of elementary differential equations of
interest in Physics and Engineering.
Partial differential equations; solution of boundary value problems
of partial differential equations by various methods which include
separation of variables, the method of integral transforms. SturmLiouville theory; Uniqueness of solutions; calculus of residues and
applications to evaluation of integrals and summation of series;
Applications to various physical situations which may includeelectromagnetic theory, quantum theory, diffusion phenomena.
PHY 406: QUANTUM MECHANICS II (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE – PHY 403 AND MTH 231
Time – independent and time – dependent perturbation theory;
scattering theory; elastic potential scattering; Green’s function and
partial wave methods. Selected phenomena from each of atomic
physics, molecular physics, solid state physics, and nuclear physics
are described and then interpreted using quantum mechanical
models.
PHY 408: MODERN OPTICS (3 UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE- PHY 415
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Physics
Review of physical and geometrical optics, thin films, lasers,
holography, fibre optics, optics of solids, propagation of light in
isotropic solids, electro-optic and magnetic-optic effects, coherence
and interference, interaction of light with matter, Raman and
Raleigh scattering.
PHY 410:
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT
INSTRUMENTATION (2 UNITS)
AND
Principle of measurements, errors, accuracy, units of
measurements, and electrical standard Q-meters, wattmeter,
semiconductor device testers.Electronic Counter and digital
Voltmeter, X-Y recorders, temperature controllers.Operational
amplifier for measurements of AC and DC voltage and
current.Introduction to the design of electronic equipment.
PHY 412: NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS II (2
UNITS)
PRE-REQUISITE – PHY 405
Nuclear instrumentation and radiation detection techniques,
detectors.Nuclear spectroscopy. Nuclear physics, production,
detection of neutrons, fission and fusion. Nuclear reactor and
nuclear energy.Elementary particles, conservation laws, particle
classifications,
strong,
electromagnetic
and
weak
interactions.Resonances.
ELECTIVES (4 UNITS TO BE TAKEN)
PHY 414: MICROWAVE THEORY AND APPLICATIONS (2
UNITS)
Waves and field distribution in rectangular and circular wave
guides, microwave measurements; standing wave ratio, waveguide
components in microwave test bench and in surface and satellite
communication systems.
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Physics
PHY 416: BIOPHYSICS (2 UNITS)
Motion of molecules in solution; the circulations, diffusion in
biology membrane transport; Radiation Biophysics; Absorption and
emission of light by molecules; molecular Biophysics; Research
techniques in Biophysics.
PHY 418: GEOPHYSICS II (2 UNITS)
A brief survey of some aspects of pure geophysics including the
description and origin of the earth’s gravity and magnetic fields;
seismological behaviours of the earth in applied geophysics, the
resistivity, gravity, magnetic and seismic methods of prospecting
are treated in detail: Special emphasis is given to problems of the
seismic method in relation to the oil industry.
PHY 419: GENERAL RELATIVITY (2 UNITS)
PRE – REQUISITE -MTH 305
Particles in a gravitational field: Curvilinear co-ordinates, intervals
covariant differentiation Christofell Symbol and metric tensor. The
constant gravitation field.Rotation .The curvature tensor. The
action function for the gravitational field. The energy- momentum
tensor.Newton’s Laws.Motion in a centrally symmetric
gravitational field.The energy momentum Pseudo-tensor
Gravitational waves. Gravitational fields at large distance from
bodies. isotropic spaces and space-time metric in the closed and in
the open isotropic models. The red shift, black hole.
PHY 423: GEOPHYSICS I (2 UNITS
Introduction to the study of geophysics.General consideration of
Seismic methods.Seismic refraction method Seismic reflection
method.
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Physics
PHY 425: SOLAR, WIND AND BIOMASS ENERGY
(2 UNITS)
Solar interior, solar constant, calculation and measurements, solar
radiation intensity reaching the earth surface under clear sky
condition and under cloud and aerosol, covers, solar energy
harnessing, natural solar conversion systems, methods of solar
collector, and thermal and electrical conversion systems, economics
of solar conversion system.
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Physics