UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
ENT 288
MICROPROCESSOR
AUTOMATIC COOLING FAN SYSTEM
MALCOM SMITH BALANG ANAK SABANG
SUBMIT DATE:
LECTURER: MR. ABU HASSAN BIN ABDULLAH
101060472
CONTENT
PAGE
Acknowledgement
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
1.0 Historical Background
1.1 Objective
1.2 Scope or Limitation of the Project
1.3 Problem Statement
CHAPTER 2: Literature Review
2.1 Overview
2.2 Microprocessor upon Home Cooling System
2.3 Light Detector System (Heat sensor)
2.4 Cooling System
2.4.1 Fan
2.5 Air Pump System
2.5.1 Air Pump Motor
CHAPTER 3: Methodology
3.0 Overview
3.1 Project Component
3.2 Block Diagram
3.3 Process Project Flow
3.3.1 Main Project Flow Chart
3.3.2 Hardware Part and Process Flow
3.3.3 Programming Design and Process Flow
3.3.4 Software Checking and process Flow
3.3.5 Overall Flow Chart
3.4 Circuit
3.4.1 Motor Pump Control
3.4.2 Fan Circuit
3.4.3 Heat Sensor Circuit
CHAPTER 4: Result and Discussion
4.0 Overview
4.1 First Phase
4.2 Second Phase
4.3 Third Phase
4.4 Fourth Phase
4.5 Discussion and Result
CHAPTER 5: Conclusion
5.1 Summary
5.2 Constraints
5.3 Recommendation for Future
CHAPTER 6: Reference and Appendix
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Acknowledgement
First and foremost, I’d like to thank all who provided helpful suggestions for
improvement to project. I am deeply indebted to our lecturer and laboratory assistant from
University Malaysia Perlis who helped with the suggestion for me to get the suitable title of
Microprocessor Mini-Project for this semester. Also, thanks to Mr Abu Hassan Bin Abdullah as
our lecturer of subject ENT 288: Microprocessor, who always give us the supervisor learning in
term to give us more understanding about Microprocessor.
My colleagues from University Malaysia Perlis that support us in research work. I want
to thank them for all their help, support, interest and valuable hints. Lastly, thankfully to our
friends who helped out a lot during the making of this mini project even though we faced some
problems and difficulty. Thank you ever so much.
1
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
1.0 Historical Background
Automatic cooling fan- air pump system is a system that controls air conditioning in a
certain place or space. Air conditioning is the cooling of indoor air for thermal comfort. In
another sense, the term can refer to any form of cooling, heating, ventilation,
or disinfection that modifies the condition of air. An air conditioner (often referred to as AC
or air con.) is an appliance, system, or machine designed to stabilise the air temperature and
humidity within an area (used for cooling as well as heating depending on the air properties at
a given time), typically using a refrigeration cycle but sometimes using evaporation,
commonly for comfort cooling in buildings and motor vehicles.
The concept of air conditioning is known to have been applied in Ancient Rome,
where aqueduct water was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them.
Similar techniques in Medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool
buildings during the hot season. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances
in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was
invented and used in 1902 by Willis Haviland Carrier.
In 1902, the first modern electrical air conditioning unit was invented by Willis Haviland
Carrier in Buffalo, New York. After graduating from Cornell University, Carrier, a native
of Angola, New York, found a job at the Buffalo Forge Company. While there, Carrier began
experimentation with air conditioning as a way to solve an application problem for the
Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn, New York, and the
first "air conditioner," designed and built in Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July
1902.
Designed to improve manufacturing process control in a printing plant, Carrier's
invention controlled not only temperature but also humidity. Carrier used his knowledge of
the heating of objects with steam and reversed the process. Instead of sending air through hot
coils, he sent it through cold coils (ones filled with cold water). The air blowing over the cold
coils cooled the air, and one could thereby control the amount of moisture the colder air could
hold. In turn, the humidity in the room could be controlled. The low heat and humidity were
to help maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment. Later, Carrier's technology
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was applied to increase productivity in the workplace, and The Carrier Air Conditioning
Company of America was formed to meet rising demand. Over time, air conditioning came to
be used to improve comfort in homes and automobiles as well. Residential sales expanded
dramatically in the 1950s.
In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina was exploring ways to add
moisture to the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the term "air conditioning", using it in a
patent claim he filed that year as an analogue to "water conditioning", then a well-known
process for making textiles easier to process. He combined moisture with ventilation to
"condition" and changes the air in the factories, controlling the humidity so necessary in
textile plants. Willis Carrier adopted the term and incorporated it into the name of his
company. This evaporation of water in air, to provide a cooling effect, is now known
as evaporative cooling.
Innovation in air conditioning technologies continues, with much recent emphasis placed
on energy efficiency, and on improving indoor air quality. Reducing climate change impact is
an important area of innovation, because in addition to greenhouse gas emissions associated
with energy use, CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs are, themselves, potent greenhouse gases when
leaked to the atmosphere. For example, R-22 (also known as HCFC-22) has a global warming
potential about 1,800 times higher than CO2. As an alternative to conventional refrigerants,
natural alternatives like CO2 (R-744) have been proposed.
1.1 Objective
 To provide user feel more comfortable inside the house.
o Provide the air conditioning and control or reduce the temperature inside the
house or room.
 To control the fan automatically by receive the light at surrounding. The heat sensor
(LM35) will determine the level of heat that has been received.
o Made the users easier by no need changing or turn on the fan manually and it
can run continuously.
 To complete the task ENT 288 by created a automatic cooling system.
o Students can more fully understanding the application of the Microprocessor
and how Microprocessor can help by doing this mini project.
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1.2 Scope or Limitation of the Project
The scope of this mini project is divided into a tree main group. It is hardware, circuit
and program. There are systems that have been combining in the hardware part such as
cooling system and air pump system. The most important of all after assembly and combining
is the programming part where the main controller that include all the sub systems into one.
1.3 Problem Statement
There are several problems that need to solve by doing or complete this mini project.
It is the user need to adjust and control the switch of fan manually. But with an automated
cooling fan-air pump system, we can save our time and energy because our system will act
automatically according to the situation.
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CHAPTER 2: Literature Review
2.1 Overview
The project objective is to create a system that monitor and cooling temperature inside the
home. The system will control the temperature based on the lightning and heat condition
outside of the house. The system will control the speed of the fan by increasing it when it
receives more light and heat. Usually at the day light the temperature will rise because sun
light that cause heat when the home is exposed with it.
2.2 Microprocessor upon Automatic Cooling Fan-Air Pump System
This paper discuss about how the implementation of the subject ENT 288,
Microprocessor upon Automatic Cooling Fan-Air Pump System can improve the knowledge
in this subject. As we know, the system is including the hardware process, circuit process and
programming process.
Since the home cooling system is one of the important parts of bringing out the comfort
ability and the harmony of house, it is important to know what can be done in order to control
the temperature in the house.
Although, the important thing of the Microprocessor is to make the system be
automatically controlled by one switch and the system will adjust automatically based on the
user programming in it. This mini project is important to make the students exposed in
generate and creating news idea in order to made them as a creative engineer.
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2.3 Heat Detector System (LM35 sensor)
A heat sensor passively collects infrared data and analyses it. A heat sensor works by
using pyroelectrical materials, which emit electrical impulses when heated or cooled. IR
radiation passes through the front of the device and comes into contact with a set of sensors
made of pyroelectrical plate, crystal or film. The electrical impulses from the sensors is then
collected and electronically turned into usable data. Thermal imaging and infrared vision uses
thermal-sensitive photodiodes to detect and process IR radiation. However, these are strictly
speaking not heat sensors, but are instead vision devices such as night vision aids or
thermographic cameras.
Heat Sensor (LM35)
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2.4 Cooling System
The cooling systems are used to cool and absorb the heat surrounding or certain area.
Example situation that always need cooling system is desktop computer. Desktop
computers typically use one or more fans for cooling. Almost all desktop power supplies
have at least one fan to exhaust air from the case. Most manufacturers recommend bringing
cool, fresh air in at the bottom front of the case, and exhausting warm air from the top rear.
If there is more air being forced into the system than being pumped out (due to an
imbalance in the number or strength of fans), this is referred to as a "positive" airflow, as the
pressure inside the unit would be higher than outside. A balanced or neutral airflow is the
most efficient, although a slightly positive airflow results in less dust build up if dust filters
are used. Negative pressure inside the case can create problems such as clogged optical drives
due to sucking in air (and dust).
2.4.1 Fan
A fan is a powered device used to create flow within a gas, usually air. A fan consists
of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades which act on the air. Usually it is
contained within some form of housing or case. This may direct the airflow or
increase safety by preventing objects from contacting the fan blades. Most fans are
powered by electric motors, but other sources of power may be used.
Fans produce air flows with high volume and low pressure, as opposed
to compressors which produce high pressures at a comparatively low volume. A fan
blade will often rotate when exposed to an air stream, and devices that take advantage
of this, such as anemometers and wind turbines, often have designs similar to that of a
fan. Typical applications include climate control, vehicle and machinery cooling
systems, personal comfort (e.g., an electric table fan), ventilation, fume extraction,
winnowing (e.g., separating chaff of cereal grains), removing dust (e.g. in a vacuum
cleaner), drying (usually in combination with heat) and to provide draft for a fire. It is
also common to use electric fans as air fresheners, by attaching fabric softener sheets
to the protective housing. This causes the fragrance to be carried into the surrounding
air.
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2.5 Air Pump System
This system consists of an air pump motor and function as an agent cooling that
absorb and flow the air from the outside (our ice box) to sprinkle and flow on in the house.
Air pump is a device that brings air from outside to inside. The air pumps are usually very
alike but you can choose from many types of decorations, from which the air will come out to
the inside.
2.5.1 Air Pump Motor
A pump is a device used to move air. A pump displaces a volume by physical or
mechanical action. Pumps fall into five major groups: direct
lift, displacement, velocity, buoyancy and gravity pumps. Their names describe the
method for moving the air. A positive displacement pump causes the air to move by
trapping a fixed amount of it then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the
discharge pipe.
Positive displacement rotary pumps are pumps that move air using the principles of
rotation. The vacuum created by the rotation of the pump captures and draws in the
gases. Rotary pumps are very efficient because they naturally remove air from the
lines, eliminating the need to bleed the air from the lines manually.
Positive displacement rotary pumps also have their weaknesses. Because of the nature
of the pump, the clearance between the rotating pump and the outer edge must be very
close, requiring that the pumps rotate at a slow, steady speed. If rotary pumps are
operated at high speeds, the air will cause erosion. Rotary pumps that experience such
erosion eventually show signs of enlarged clearances, which allow the air to slip
through and detract from the efficiency of the pump.
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CHAPTER 3: Methodology
3.0 Overview
The project is to design and build an automatic monitoring and cooling system. Cooling
system method act based on the according system to defined setting. The system will
maintain or reduce the temperature inside the house via fan and keep monitoring it. The
system will turn on a fan when the light sensor receives an enough light from the sun to
trigger an output value. The speed of the fan will depend on temperature value. If the value
gets higher, the speed will increase and vice versa. At the approximate value of temperature,
the room will be flowed with air to help reduce the temperature. LED is used to display the
speed of fan, by indicating the different colour for each condition.
3.1 Project Component
1. PIC18f4580
Use to control the system by programmed it.
2. Heat sensor (LM35)
Detect brightness from the sun upon the roof.
3. Ice box
Store the cool air for external use.
4. Air pump
Pump the air from the ice box.
5. LED
Display the level speed of fan.
6. Fan
To reduce temperature inside the room
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3.2 Block Diagram
HEAT SENSOR
COOLING FAN
PC
PIC18F4580
LED
PUMP MOTOR
3.3 Flowchart
3.3.1 Main project flow chart
Start
Hardware Part and Process
Flow
Programming design and
Process Flow
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Software Checking and
Process Flow
3.3.2 Hardware Part and Process Flow
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3.3.3 Programming design and Process Flow
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3.3.4 Software Checking and Process Flow
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3.3.5 Overall Flow Chart
Start
Detecting the heat inside
the building
Check the condition heat inside
house
Is it enough
light?
Phase 1: Fan is function and (LED
Green ON)
Phase 3: Fan and air pump is
function (LED Red ON)
Phase 2: Fan is function (LED
Yellow ON)
Display the level condition using
LED
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3.4 Circuit
3.4.1 Motor pump control
The pump water is control in normally open. Originally the pump motor can only
control by socket plug and to made it suitable and compatible with pic18f4580, relay 5V is
used as a another switch that can be control by program the system. The switch that controls
the pump is located at the PORTB4 at PIC board to the positive terminal for both of relay and
grounded it. This system operates with control by condition of PORTB4 high. Based on the
LDR sensor, the input that have been receive will be process and convert as a input for pump
motor to rotate.
3.4.2 Fan Circuit
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3.4.3 Heat Sensor Circuit
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CHAPTER 4: Result and Discussion
4.0 Overview
This chapter provides results that are obtained from experiment. The experimental
results then will be discussed either the experimental is as good as the ideal or rather too
differ from theoretical. The result will be shows and discussed.
The aim of this project is to detect intensity of heat at home. Heat sensor had been
used in this project to make sure the intensity of heat had been calculated accurately so the
system will choose which phase will occur.
Figure 1 : Complete Project
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4.1 First Phase
Figure 2 : No light
For the first phase, there is no light and heat detected and at this rate no LM35 sensor
up and all system not function. This phase is where there is no heat and it’s normal
temperature.
4.2 Second Phase
Figure 3 : Low intensity light
At this phase, sensor had detected low intensity of light and heat, LED green light up
and fan will turning for speed level 1 (low).
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4.3 Third Phase
Figure 4 : Medium Intensity Light
For the third phase, sensor detects medium intensity light and heat, yellow LED light
up. At this rate, the speed of the fan will increase while yellow LED light up.
4.4 Fourth Phase
Figure 5 : High Intensity Light
For the last phase, all LM35 will on when heat sensor detect high intensity light and heat. The
air pump also will start working. So for this phase the air pump make air cold get into the home.
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Discussion and Result
From this project there are certain processes and procedures that need to follow during
made this project, this project included the input and output device and based on the circuit
that was obtained from resources information. Mostly this project using the circuit and in
order to maintain and make sure the circuit is function, the circuit and board need to be
calibrate and check if there are any misconnection or any problem in the circuit. We use
PIC18F4580 to make the circuit function by following the operations that have been program
in the PIC. We use software the MPLAB IDE to program the input of the circuit by using the
Assembly programming. The program includes the ADC to control the rotation of motor by
program and using the input from the sensor to trigger it. This mechanism or system is to
make sure the home or room is cool by maintaining the temperature or reduce it until the
normal temperature. The input we used is a LM35 sensor that can trigger the fan and pump
when there are enough light that received during the process.
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CHAPTER 5: Conclusion
5.1 Summary
The summary for this project, it shows on how the Microprocessor system can be
applied in developing the home automatic cooling system. The project came into being and
the result and idea of how to apply the information that was obtained from the knowledge
after studying the Microprocessor. This project can be improving more because today, more
and more manufacturers are using Microprocessor technology to improve their productivity
and reduce cost.
5.2 Constraints
The problem that was faced during made this mini project is lack of knowledge about
the circuit and MPLAB IDE software command function and how to repair the program if
there were any errors. Second problem is using lot of time by troubleshoot PIC board because
there are problems such as broken, malfunctioning and else. There are changing in the input
circuit where we replace the temperature sensor with the LM35 sensor.
5.3 Recommendation for future
For the future project student may be able to make this system more functional like
connect the system with computer and others. For example student can make the system will
keep monitoring light intensity and temperature surround it and display the all status
condition of the system at the monitor display. There are several that can be improving
automatic cooling system. It also needs to study further in order to improve this project to
become better such as made a simple circuit and using less space with low cost modal and
adding extra function such as automatic door.
The main target of group to be using this system is for personal at home and industry,
for the reason it will be benefit to them. It compatible not only for big manufacturing industry
but also can be used it for small manufacturing industry.
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CHAPTER 6: Reference and Appendix
[1] ASHRAE Terminology of HVAC&R, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, 1991,
[2] Needham, Joseph (1991). Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4: Physics and
Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Cambridge University Press.
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning#cite_note-0
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_Dependent_Resistor
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_cooling
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_fan
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump
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Programming for PIC 18f4580
INCLUDE<P18F4580.INC>
CONFIG OSC=HS
CONFIG WDT=OFF
CONFIG LVP=OFF
ORG 0000H
C1
C2
C3
L_BYTE
H_BYTE
BIN_TEMP
MTR_CON
FAN_CON
LDR_CTRL
#DEFINE
REPEAT
EQU
EQU
EQU
0X10
EQU
0X11
EQU
0X12
EQU
0X20
EQU
0X21
0X22
EQU
0X23
EQU
0X24
PORTC
INPUT1 PORTC,0
CLRF
CLRF
BCF
BSF
BSF
CLRF
TRISD
TRISC
TRISB,2
TRISA,0
TRISA,1
TRISE
BSF
BSF
CALL
CALL
BRA
TRISA,3
PORTC,3
POWER_UP_FAN
NTC_ADC
REPEAT
NTC_ADC:
BACK_NTC
NTC
BSF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CALL
BSF
BTFSC
BRA
MOVFF
MOVFF
CALL
MOVWF
MOVLW
CPFSGT
GOTO
MOVLW
CPFSGT
GOTO
MOVLW
CPFSGT
GOTO
GOTO
RETURN
ADCON0, ADON
0X01
ADCON0
0X1E
ADCON1
0XBE
ADCON2
DELAY
ADCON0,GO
ADCON0,DONE
BACK_NTC
ADRESL,L_BYTE
ADRESH,H_BYTE
ALGO
BIN_TEMP
0X22
BIN_TEMP
LOW_TEMPERATURE
0X25
BIN_TEMP
NORMAL_TEMPERATURE
0X28
BIN_TEMP
MED_TEMPERATURE
HIGH_TEMPERATURE
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ALGO
RRNCF L_BYTE,F
RRNCF L_BYTE,W
ANDLW
0X3F
MOVWF
L_BYTE
RRNCF H_BYTE,F
RRNCF H_BYTE,W
ANDLW
0XC0
IORWF L_BYTE,W
RETURN
DELAY
LOOP0
LOOP1
LOOP2
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
DECFSZ
BRA
DECFSZ
BRA
DECFSZ
BRA
RETURN
D'250'
C1
D'250'
C2
D'8'
C3
C3
LOOP2
C2
LOOP1
C1
LOOP0
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
DECFSZ
BRA
DECFSZ
BRA
DECFSZ
BRA
RETURN
D'250'
0X06
D'250'
0X07
D'20'
0X08
0X08
QLOOP2
0X07
QLOOP1
0X06
QLOOP0
MOVLW
CPFSEQ
GOTO
GOTO
0X00
FAN_CON
LOW_T
T1
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
BCF
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
MOVLW
B'00000000'
PORTE
PORTD,0
T2CON,TMR2ON
CCP1CON
D'156'
PR2
D'1'
CCPR1L
TRISC,CCP1
0X02
L_DELAY
QLOOP0
QLOOP1
QLOOP2
LOW_TEMPERATURE
LOW_T
24
OVER_L
T1
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
BSF
BCF
BTFSS
BRA
MOVLW
MOVWF
GOTO NTC
NORMAL_TEMPERATURE
MOVLW
CPFSEQ
GOTO
GOTO
NORMAL_T
OVER_N
T2
T2CON
0X0C
CCP1CON
TMR2
T2CON,TMR2ON
PIR1,TMR2IF
PIR1,TMR2IF
OVER_L
0X00
FAN_CON
0X01
FAN_CON
NORMAL_T
T2
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
BCF
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
BSF
BCF
BTFSS
BRA
MOVLW
MOVWF
GOTO
B'00000001'
PORTE
PORTD,0
T2CON,TMR2ON
CCP1CON
D'156'
PR2
D'62'
CCPR1L
TRISC,CCP1
0X02
T2CON
0X0C
CCP1CON
TMR2
T2CON,TMR2ON
PIR1,TMR2IF
PIR1,TMR2IF
OVER_N
0X01
FAN_CON
NTC
MOVLW
CPFSEQ
BRA
GOTO
0X02
FAN_CON
MED_T
T3
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
BCF
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
MOVLW
MOVWF
B'00000010'
PORTE
PORTD,0
T2CON,TMR2ON
CCP1CON
D'156'
PR2
D'109'
CCPR1L
TRISC,CCP1
0X02
T2CON
MED_TEMPERATURE
MED_T
25
OVER_M
T3
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
BSF
BCF
BTFSS
BRA
MOVLW
MOVWF
GOTO NTC
0X0C
CCP1CON
TMR2
T2CON,TMR2ON
PIR1,TMR2IF
PIR1,TMR2IF
OVER_M
0X02
FAN_CON
MOVLW
CPFSEQ
GOTO
GOTO
0X03
FAN_CON
HIGH_T
T4
MOVLW
MOVWF
BSF
BCF
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
BSF
BCF
BTFSS
BRA
MOVLW
MOVWF
GOTO
B'00000100'
PORTE
PORTD,0
T2CON,TMR2ON
CCP1CON
D'156'
PR2
D'156'
CCPR1L
TRISC,CCP1
0X02
T2CON
0X0C
CCP1CON
TMR2
T2CON,TMR2ON
PIR1,TMR2IF
PIR1,TMR2IF
OVER_H
0X03
FAN_CON
NTC
BCF
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BCF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
BSF
BCF
GOTO
T2CON,TMR2ON
CCP1CON
D'156'
PR2
D'62'
CCPR1L
TRISC,CCP1
0X02
T2CON
0X0C
CCP1CON
TMR2
T2CON,TMR2ON
PIR1,TMR2IF
REPEAT
HIGH_TEMPERATURE
HIGH_T
OVER_H
T4
POWER_UP_FAN
END
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