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Minimum Age for Employment
Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba have set minimum age for employment as shown in
their employment standards
- Alberta: Part 5 , Section 52 (1) and (2), Employment Standards Code and Regulation
- British Columbia: Part 2, Section 9, Employment Standards Act
- Manitoba: Part 2, Section 83 (3), Employment Standards Code
 Children under 12 years are prohibited from any type of employment
 If under 12 years of age, children are employable in exceptional situations
with the written permission of their parents or legal guardians and the Director
of Employment Standards. Employers need to have this written permission in
their possession in case the authorities require it
In Saskatchewan, children under 14 years of age are not permitted to work
- Saskatchewan: Regulation 8, Section 9.4, Minimum Wage Regulations
 The age permitted to work in Saskatchewan is either over 14 or 15 years of
age and provided that the young worker has completed the Young Worker
Readiness Certificate Course (YWRCC), effective March 31, 2010. At the
time of employment, employers require to see proof of age, written consent
from a parent or guardian and documents supporting the YWRCC. More
information of YWRCC, please visit http://aeel.gov.sk.ca/ywrcc
The prohibited age of work in Quebec is under the age of 14 years
- Quebec: Chapter 4, Division VI.2, Section 84.3, An Act Respecting Labour Standards
and Regulation Respecting Labour
 According to this Act, employers will also require the written consent of the
young worker’s parent or tutor
In regards to the other provinces and territories (e.g., Ontario, the Maritimes, and the three
territories), there is no specific minimum age for employment in their occupational policies.
However, they emphasize policies putting age restrictions to specific types of employment
Minimum Age for Types of Employment
Alberta has certain job restrictions for children under the age of 14, 17, and 18 years
- Alberta: Part 5 , Section 52 (1), Employment Standards Code and Regulation
 Adolescents aged 12 to 14 cannot be employed without the written consent
from the parent/guardian and the Director’s approval unless the adolescent is
enrolled in an off-campus education program approved under the education
act
 Adolescents (>12 but <15) between 12 and 14 may be employed as a delivery
person of small wares for a retail store, as a clerk or messenger in an office, as
a clerk in a retail store, as a delivery person for the distribution of newspapers,
flyers, or handbills, or any occupation approved by the Director, or any
occupation that is not or is not likely to be injurious to the life, health,
education or welfare of the adolescent
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Alberta: Part 5, Section 52 (3), Employment Standards Code and Regulation
Part 1, Section 6, Radiation Protection Regulation
Part 2, Section 17 (5), Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
Part 2, Section 12 (2), Explosives Regulations Act
Part 2, Section 37 (1) and (2), Gaming and Liquor Act
Part 2, Section 52, Gaming and Liquor Act
Part 3, Division 5, Section 94 (1) and (2), Gaming and Liquor Act Regulation
 Young person (>15 but <18) may not be employed outside of normal school
hours on a day during which the adolescent is required to attend school, unless
as part of an off-campus education program approved under the school act
 Young person cannot be allowed to use ionizing designated radiation
equipment or an ionizing radiation source except where that individual is a
student undergoing a course of instruction involving the use of equipment or
source conducted under the direct supervision of a competent worker
 Young person cannot be issued a blaster’s permit
 Young person cannot be the driver of a vehicle transporting explosives or be
issued a permit to handle, prepare, and fire explosives
 No minor (<18) may enter or be in and no facility licensee may permit a
minor to enter or be in a casino or a racing entertainment centre, or any other
licensed facility where minors are prohibited
 No minor can be issued a liquor license or to a corporation if the majority of
its members are minors
 Young person cannot be employed to sell or serve liquor in licensed premises.
Some exceptions apply such as if the minor is an entertainer or repairer, etc.
British Columbia is the only province that requires children under the age of 15 but over 12 work
under the supervision of someone over 19 years of age
- British Columbia: Part 2, Section 9, Employment Standards Act
Part 7.1, Division 1, Section 45.4, Employment Standards Act
Regulations
Part 6, Section 6.77, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
Part 3, Section 3.15, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
Part 21, Section 8, Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
Part 3, Section 3.2.1, Health and Safety Mines
Part 1, Section 35, Liquor Control and Licensing Act
Part 3, Section 3.23 (1) and 3.23 (2), Occupational Health and Safety
Regulation
 Children under the age of 15 but over 12 years cannot be employed without
the written consent of the parent/guardian. A child under 12 years of age, the
Director may set the conditions of employment for the child
 An employer of a child must ensure that the child works only under the direct
and immediate supervision of a person who has reached 19 years of age
 Children under 16 cannot be employed to mix, load, or apply a moderately or
very toxic pesticide for use in a workplace, or clean or maintain equipment
used in the operations
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If a child under 16 is employed, he or she cannot be designated as a First Aid
Attendant, and must present certificates when the criteria is met
Children under the age of 18 years cannot be issued a blaster’s certificate and
therefore cannot work as a blaster
The manager shall not employ any person under the age of 18 years at a mine
except for the purpose of training that person
Minors (<19) cannot be authorized or permitted to enter or be on or to be on
the premises where liquor is sold or kept for sale, except when minor is
accompanied by a parent or guardian on premises where liquor is sold for
consumption off the premises, with lawful excuse, or in prescribed
circumstances
An employer of a young worker (<25) must ensure that before a young or new
worker begins work in a workplace, the young or new worker is given health
and safety orientation and training specific to that young or new worker’s
workplace
Manitoba is also another province that stipulates age restrictions for specific types of
employment
- Manitoba: Part 2, Section 83 (1) and (3), Employment Standards Code
Part 1, Section 1, Apprenticeship and Trades Qualifications Regulation
Part 2, Section 84 (2), Employment Standards Code
Part 2, Section 5, Operation of Mines Regulation
Part 10, Division 3, Section 169 (1), Operation of Mines Regulation
Part 1, Section 7, X-ray Safety Regulation
Part 3, Section 72 (6) and 72 (6.1), Liquor Control Act
Part 3, Section 93 (1), Liquor Control Act
Part 3, Section 91 (1), Liquor Control Act
Part 1, Section 13, Liquor Licensing Regulation
Part 1, Section 15.1 (12), Liquor Licensing Regulation
 Except as permitted by the regulations or by a permit issued by the director,
no person shall employ a child under the age of 16 years and no parent,
guardian or other person having the care, custody or control of such a child
shall allow the child to be employed
 The director must not issue a permit authorizing a child to be employed in a
type of employment that, in the director’s opinion, is likely to adversely affect
the safety, health or well-being of the child
 Children under the age of 16 years cannot be employed in any occupation that
requires a substantive amount of producing, cleaning, altering, repairing, or
servicing any material, substance, article, machinery, or work done with
machinery
 Children under the age of 16 years cannot be employed to work in a
designated trade
 Subject to regulations, no employer shall require or allow an employee under
the age of 18 years to work in a prescribed industry or occupation
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An employer shall not employ or permit the employment of any person under
the age of 18 years in the underground workings of a mine or at the face of an
open pit or quarry working
No employer shall permit a worker under the age of 18 years to work as a
mine hoist or crane operator
No person under 18 years of age shall operate X-ray equipment, unless that
person is a student undergoing a bona fide course of instructions relating to
the operation of X-ray equipment under safety supervision satisfactory to the
minister
Except when permitted by an authorization given under subsection (5), no
person under the age of 18 years shall be in a licensed beverage room at any
time when liquor may lawfully be sold or consumed therein. Except when
permitted by an authorization given under subsection (5), no licensee of a
beverage room shall permit any person under the age of 18 years to be in a
beverage room at any time when liquor may lawfully be sold or consumed
therein
No person under the age of 18 years shall enter or remain in a cocktail lounge
or cabaret unless accompanied by his or her parent, spouse, common-law
partner or guardian who is at least 18 years and no such person shall consume
liquor therein unless it is purchased or provided by his or her parent, spouse,
common-law partner or guardian and it is consumed with a meal in their
presence
No licensee shall employ or allow any person under the age of 18 years to act
in any way in connection with the sale, handling or serving of liquor in any
licensed premises
Entertainers hired to perform in a beverage room, in a cocktail lounge, or
cabaret must be 18 years of age or older. If under 18 years of age,
accompanied by a parent, spouse, common-law partner or guardian
No licensee shall allow any person under 18 years of age to perform adult
entertainment in a beverage room or club
New Brunswick has age restrictions specific to types of employment
- New Brunswick: Part 3, Section 40, Employment Standards Act
Part 3, Section 39, Employment Standards Act
Part 1, Section 10 (3), Apprenticeship and Occupational Certification
Act
Part 1, Section 4 (1) and 4 (2), X-ray Equipment Regulation
Part 9, Section 239 (1), Underground Mine Regulation
Part 1, Section 137 (1) and (2), Liquor Control Act
Part 1, Section 54 (2) and 55 (2), Regulation under the Apprenticeship
Part 1, Section 70 (2), Regulation under the Apprenticeship
Part 1, Section 1 (2), Regulation under the Apprenticeship
Part 1, Section 0.1 (2), 2 (2), 4 (2)..., Regulation under the
Apprenticeship
 No employer shall employ a person who is under 14 years of age in any
industrial undertaking, in the forest industry, in the construction industry, in a
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garage or automotive service station, in a hotel or restaurant, in a theatre,
dance hall or shooting gallery, as an elevator operator, in any location or
occupation prescribed by regulation. The Director of Employment may issue
a permit if he/she is satisfied on reasonable grounds that it does not
contravene the OHSA, interfere with attendance, and parent/guardian has
given permission
No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 years in
employment that is or is likely to be unwholesome or harmful to the person’s
health, welfare or moral or physical development. The Director of
Employment may issue a permit if he/she is satisfied on reasonable grounds
that it does not contravene the OHSA, interfere with attendance, and
parent/guardian has given permission
No person shall be a candidate for a certificate of qualification in any category
of certification of the blaster occupation unless the person is eighteen years of
age or over at the time of application
No person who is less than 18 years of age shall be employed as an x-ray
radiation worker unless the person is a student undergoing a course of
instruction relating to the operation of x-ray equipment. Notwithstanding
subsection (1), a person who is less than 18 years of age and over 16 years of
age may be employed as a student in a course relating to the operation of xray equipment and works under direct and close supervision
An employer shall ensure that no person operates a hoist unless that person
has attained the age of 19 years and presents a certificate to operate
No person under the age of 19 years should be employed to give, serve, sell or
supply liquor to any person in licensed premises; and no licensee shall
employ or permit any person under the age of 19 years to act in any way in
connection with the giving, serving, selling, or supplying of any liquor to any
person in licensed premises
Grade 8 or equivalent as determined by board (e.g., roofer occupation, service
station attendant occupation
Grade 9 or equivalent as determined by board (e.g., water well driller
occupation)
Grade 10 or equivalent as determined by board (e.g., appliance service
technician occupation)
Grade 12 or equivalent as determined by board (e.g., agricultural equipment
technician occupation, automotive painter occupation, automotive service
technician occupation, etc.)
In Newfoundland and Labrador, children under the age of 14 years cannot be employed in any
work-training program
- Newfoundland: Part 9, Section 46 (c), Labour Standards Act
Part 3, Section 42 (3), Workplace health, safety and compensation act
Part 9, Section 46 (a), Labour Standards Act
Part 9, Section 46 (b), Labour Standards Act
Part 9, Section 46 (d), Labour Standards Act
Part 9, Section 48 (1) and 48 (2), Labour Standards Act
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Part 1, Section 5 (1), Mines Safety of Workers Regulation
Part 6, Section 46 (11), Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
Part 1, Section 12 (1) and (2), Radiation Health and Safety Regulations
Part 1, Section 72 (d), Liquor Control Act
Part 1, Section 48 (1) and (2), Liquor Licensing Regulations
Part 1, Section 5 (2), Mines Safety of Workers Regulations
Part 1, Section 5 (4), Mines Safety of Workers Regulations
Part 1, Section 5 (5), Mines Safety of Workers Regulations
Part 1, Section 5 (3), Mines Safety of Workers Regulations
An employer shall not employ a child who is under the age of 14 years unless
the work is prescribed work within prescribed undertakings
The age for admission to a work training program shall be 15 years or over
but in exceptional circumstances the commission may, at the request of the
Minister of Education, rule a student to be entitled to the benefits of this
section
An employer shall not employ a child under the age of 16 years that is or is
likely to be unwholesome or harmful to the child’s health or normal
development, or prejudicial to the child’s attendance at school or to the child’s
capacity to benefit from instruction given at school
No employer shall employ a child under the age of 16 years to work
occupations that are prescribed as hazardous occupations or undertaking
No employer shall employ a child under the age of 16 years while a strike or
lockout is in progress
No employer should employ a child under the age of 16 years without the
written consent of the child’s parent or guardian, which must be kept as part
of the record of employment and the age must be specified in the consent
A person under the age of 18 years shall not be employed in the underground
works of a mine
Persons under the age of 18 years shall not be employed in a silica process nor
in cleaning or maintenance work likely to involve exposure to silica dust
except work that is a recognized part of apprenticeship or comparable course
of training
Persons under the age of 18 years shall not be employed as a radiation worker,
unless employed as a radiation technologist in training
A person under the age of 19 years cannot enter, be, remain or work in
premises in respect of which a license has been granted, except where and in
the circumstances under which the licensee is permitted or authorized by this
Act or as prescribed in the regulations to allow him or her to enter, be, remain
in or work in the premises
A licensee may allow a person under the age of 19 years, see the exceptions in
Part 1, Section 48 (1) and (2)
A person under the age of 20 years employed in a mine or in immediate
connection with the mine shall not be put in charge of machinery for hoisting,
for lifting or for haulage
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A person under the age of 20 years shall not be put in charge of or be made
responsible for the charging of blasting holes with explosives or for the firing
of explosives in blasting holes
A person under the age of 20 years shall not be entrusted with the
transmission of signals and orders for putting machines in motion
A person under the age of 21 years shall not be employed to have charge of
hoists used for hoisting or lowering workers in a mine or in workings
connected with the mine
In Northwest Territories, children under 16 years of age cannot be employed in or about a mine
- Northwest Territories: Part 1, Section 11 (2), Consolidation of Apprenticeship, Trade,
and Occupations Certification Act
Part 8, Section 8.01, Mine Health and Safety Regulations
Part 2, Section 13, Consolidation of Labour Standards Code
Part 1, Section 3, Labour Standards Act
Part 8, Section 8.01, Mine Health and Safety Regulations
Part 1, Section 8 (a) and (b), Asbestos Safety Regulations
Part 1, Section 9 (a) and (b), Silica Sandblasting Safety
Regulations
Part 1, Division 2, Section 5 (1) (a), Liquor Act
Part 1, Division 3, Section 19 (1), Liquor Act
Part 2, Division 2, Section 34 (2), Liquor Act
Part 5, Division 2, Section 83, Liquor Act
Part 1, Section 64, Liquor Regulations
Part 1, Section 105 (1), Liquor Regulations
Part 7, Section 7.30 (1) (b), Mine Health and Safety Regulations
 A person under the age of 16 years cannot enter into a contract of
apprenticeship
 No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed in or about a mine
 An employer may employ a person under the age of 17 years in any
occupation except in the occupations and subject to the conditions that may be
prescribed
 Where an employer employs a young person (<17) in any job or occupation,
the employment is subject to the condition that the employer is, on request,
able to satisfy the Labour Standards Officer that the employment of the young
person is not liable to be detrimental to the health, education, or moral
character of the young person
 No person under the age of 18 years shall be employed underground or at the
working face of any open cut workings, pit or quarry
 No person shall employ a person under the age of 19 years where an asbestos
process is being conducted unless the process is conducted under constant
supervision, and the process has been inspected and approved by a safety
officer
 No person shall employ a person under the age of 19 years where a silica
process is being conducted unless the process is conducted under constant
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supervision, and the process has been inspected and approved by a safety
officer
No person under the age of 19 years may not be issued a license or transferred
under this Act
A minor (<19) is not eligible to apply for a permit under section 20 or 21.
Section 20: a special purpose permit, and Section 21: a special occasion
permit
The Minister may designate a person to act as a vendor in a particular
community, for the operation of a liquor store and the sale of liquor in that
community. A minor (<19) may not be designated as a vendor. Cannot be
employed as a vendor for the operation of a liquor store or for sale of liquor in
that community
No minor (<19) shall enter or remain in a liquor store unless he/she is
accompanied by his or her parent or by an eligible person authorized by
his/her parent
No holder of a premises licence shall allow or employ a minor (<19) to
prepare or serve liquor
A minor (<19) may attend an event for which a Class 1 (ordinary) permit has
been issued, but shall not consume liquor at the event
The chief inspector may not issue a hoist operator’s certificate to a person
who is under the age of 20 years
In Nova Scotia, children under the age of 14 years cannot be employed in any occupation that is
likely to be unwholesome or harmful to the normal development of the child
- Nova Scotia: Part 1, Section 68 (1) (a) and (b), Labour Standards Code
Part 1, Section 68 (3) (e), Labour Standards Code
Part 1, Section 68 (2) (a-g), Labour Standards Code
Part 1, Section 48 (3) (a), Liquor Act
Part 1, Section 89 (3) and (4), Liquor Act
Part 1, Section 45, Liquor Licensing Regulations
Part 1, Section 46 (1), (2) and (3), Liquor Licensing Regulations
Part 1, Section 48 (1) and (2), Liquor Licensing Regulations
Part 1, Section 47, Liquor Licensing Regulations
Part 1, Section 7 (d), Apprenticeship and Trades Qualifications Act General
Regulations
Part 1, Section 19 (2) (a-g), General Blasting Regulations
 No person shall pay wages to a child under the age of 14 years to do work that
is or is likely to be unwholesome or harmful to his/her health or normal
development, or such as to prejudice his attendance at school or capacity to
benefit from instruction there given
 No person shall employ a child under the age of 14 years to work in any work
or class of work in which the employment of a child under 14 years of age is
prohibited by regulation
 No person shall employ a child under the age of 16 years in work of any kind
in an industrial undertaking, the forestry industry, garages and automobile
service stations, hotels, restaurants, except where an employee is not operating
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cooking equipment and where safety training on all equipment and adequate
supervision is provided and the person is at least 14 years of age, the operating
of elevators, theatres, dance halls, shooting galleries, bowling-alleys, billiard
and pool rooms, work or class of work in which the employment of a child
under the age of 16 is prohibited by regulation
No person under the age of 19 years shall be granted a license to sell liquor
No person under the age of 19 years shall enter or be in a tavern, beverage
room, lounge, or cabaret in respect of which a tavern license, beverage room
license, lounge license or cabaret license is in effect; and the holder of a
tavern license, beverage room license, lounge license or cabaret license shall
not permit a person under the age of 19 years to be or remain in the tavern,
beverage room, lounge or cabaret
A person who is under the age of 19 years may enter and be in a premises for
which a tavern license, beverage room license, lounge license or cabaret
license is in effect until 9:00 pm if the person is accompanied at all times by a
parent, legal guardian or spouse who is 19 years old or older; full meal service
is provided in the licensed premises, the person enters the licensed premises
for the purpose of eating a meal. A minor entertainer may be in a tavern,
lounge, beverage room or cabaret if authorized and accompanied by their
parent, legal guardian, or someone over the age of 19 who has written
permission from the minor’s parent
A licensee must ensure that liquor is not dispensed by an employee who is
under the age of 19 years, and a licensee may permit an employee who is
under the age of 19 years to serve a liquor at a customer’s table
A licensee must not permit a person who is under the age of 19 years to enter
or be in a licensed premises while adult entertainment is presented in the
licensed premises
A person under the age of 19 years cannot enter into an apprenticeship
A person under the age of 19 years cannot qualify as a blasting trainee or a
candidate for a restricted blaster certificate. An applicant for a trainee
certificate who 19 years of age or over must submit proof that he/she has
completed an approved safety training course in order to perform restricted
work under the close visual supervision of a certified blaster
Nunavut legislation mirrors Northwest Territories, as their separation in April of 1999 does not
apply to any legislation made prior to this date (and most were made prior to 1999, only
amendments were made after this date)
In Ontario, children under the age of 14 years cannot be employed in an industrial establishment
- Ontario: Part 1, Section 4 (1) (e), Industrial Establishments
Part 1, Section 4 (1) (d), Industrial Establishments
Part 1, Section 4 (1) (c), Industrial Establishments
Part 1, Section 16 (a) and (b), Construction Projects
Part 1, Section 8 (1), Mines and Mining Plants
Part 1, Section 1, Trades Qualification and Apprenticeship Act
Part 1, Section 8 (1) (d), Mines and Mining Plants
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Part 1, Section 4, Oil and Gas – Offshore
Part 1, Section 8, Window Cleaning
Part 1, Section 30 (5), (8), (9), and (11), Liquor License Act
Part 1, Section 75.1 (1), License to Sell Liquor
Part 1, Section 295 (2), Construction Projects
 Children under the age of 14 years shall not be employed in an industrial
establishment
 Children under the age of 15 years shall not be employed in a factory
 Children under the age of 16 years shall not be employed in a logging
operation
 Children under the age of 16 years shall not be employed in or about the
workplace of a construction project, nor be permitted to be present in or about
the workplace while work is being performed
 Children under the age of 16 years shall not be employed at a mining plant or
surface mine. A worker over 16 years of age can work at a surface mine, but
not at the working face
 Children under the age of 16 years shall not be employed in any trade covered
by the act. An apprentice must be at least 16 years of age and have obtained a
grade10 standing (or equivalent) or have the qualification prescribed in the
regulations
 Children under the age of 18 years shall not be employed in underground
mine or at the working face of a surface mine
 Children under the age of 18 years shall not be employed to do work offshore
on or from oil or gas rigs
 Children under the age of 18 years shall not be employed to do window
cleaning
 Children under the age of 18 years shall not be employed to sell or serve
liquor on licensed premises
 Children under the age of 18 years shall not be employed to operate a
motorized vending cart used for the sale and service of liquor
 No shaft attendant shall be less than 19 years of age
Prince Edward Island has a unique piece of legislation called the Youth Employment Act (YEA),
which serves to protect young workers. According to this legislation, children under the age of
16 years cannot work in employment that is likely to be harmful to the health, safety or moral or
physical development of a young person
- Prince Edward Island: Part 50, Section 4, Occupational Health and Safety Act General
Regulations
Part 1, Section 3 (1), Apprenticeship and Trades Qualification Act
Part 1, Section 4, Youth Employment Act
Part 1, Section 5, Youth Employment Act
Part 1, Section 8, Youth Employment Act
Part 1, Section 7 (1) and (2), Youth Employment Act
Part 1, Section 3 (a), Liquor Control Act
Part 1, Section 40 (2) and (3), Liquor Control Act
Part 1, Section 70 (l) and (m), Liquor Control Act Regulations
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Children under the age of 16 years shall not be employed to work as a
signaller. Those over 16 must be competent persons who have been trained
in, and have demonstrated an adequate knowledge of traffic control and
signalling procedures, among other requirements
Children under the age of 16 years shall not be employed to become an
apprentice in a designated trade
No employer shall employ a young person under the age of 16 years in
employment that is or is likely to be harmful to the health or safety, or moral
or physical development of the young person
No employer shall employ a young person under the age of 16 years in
construction
Where an employer employs a young person, he/she shall act reasonably in
assigning duties taking into account the age, knowledge, education and work
experience of the young person, identify and potential danger to health and
safety to him/her and give appropriate instruction to the young person,
personally supervise the work of the young person or ensure that at all times
the work of the young person is supervised by an adult who has experience of
the work, provide adequate training and courses of instruction before
authorizing the young person to perform unsupervised work
The Director, the inspector and any occupational health and safety officer
appointed under the Occupational Health and Safety Act may at any time
enter any premises in which a young person is employed and conduct an
inspection to ensure compliance with the requirements of this Act or the
Occupational Health and Safety Act. Where the Director or an occupational
health and safety officer has determined that any toxic substance or machinery
or equipment in use in any industrial undertaking or any plant engaged in the
processing of fish, agricultural products or forest products, is potentially
dangerous to young person, he/she may, by order, prohibit the employment of
young persons in that undertaking or plant either generally or in a location
proximate to that substance, machinery or equipment
Children under the age of 19 years shall not be granted a liquor license
No person under the age of 19 years shall enter, be in, or remain in the
licensed premises of the holder of a liquor license except as provided by the
Act or the regulations. The holder of a liquor license shall not permit any
person under the age of 19 years to enter, be in, or remain in the licensed
premises except as provided by the Act or regulations
There are exceptions that allow for a minor (<19) to enter, be in (e.g.,
attending wedding function or entertainer), or remain (e.g., invited guest or
participant or accompanied by someone over 19 years of age or attending
cultural, social or sporting event) in the licensed premises of the holder of a
liquor license
Quebec restricts young workers from being exposed to hazards at work. Children under the age
of 16 years cannot be employed in an open-pit mine, in a concentrator, or in a plant, according to
regulations under the Occupational Health and Safety Act
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Quebec: Division 2, Section 26 (1) (a), (b), and (c), Regulation Respecting Health and
Safety in Mines
Chapter 1, Section 1 (a), An Act Respecting Workforce Vocational Training and
Qualification
Chapter 4, Division 6.2, Section 84.2, An Act Respecting Labour Standards
Division 2, Section 26 (2) (a), (b), and (c), Regulation Respecting Health and
Safety in Mines
Division 25, Section 294, Regulation Respecting Occupational Health and
Safety
Chapter 4, Division 1, Section 33 (1), Regulation Respecting Concrete Pumps
and Distribution Masts
Division 4, Section 4.2.3 (a), Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 2, Section 2.15.10, Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 3, Section 3.9.16 (1) (a), Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 3, Section 3.9.17 (1) (2), Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 3, Section 3.18.1 (12), Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 7, Section 7.2.2, Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 3, Section 3.17.1 (c) (iv), Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 8, Section 8.13.1, Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 3, Section 3.15.10, Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Division 9, Section 9.1.8, Safety Code for the Construction Industry
Part 1, Section 38 (f), Youth Protection Act
Division 2, Section 36, An Act Respecting Liquor Permits
Division 6, Section 86, An Act Respecting Liquor Permits
Division 2, Section 26 (3) (a) and (b), Regulation Respecting Health and Safety
in Mines
 No work may be done by a worker who is less than 16 years of age in an
open-pit mine, in a concentrator, or in a plant
 No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed to become an
apprentice in a trade or vocation under the Act
 No employer may have work performed by a child under the age of 18 years
that is disproportionate to the child’s capacity, or that is likely to be
detrimental to the child’s education, health or physical or moral development
 No work may be done by a worker who is less than 18 years of age in an
underground mine, to perform work on the working face in an open-pit mine,
or to use equipment that hoists or moves objects or people
 No person under the age of 18 years shall be employed to perform blasting
work, or any work requiring the use of explosives
 No person under the age of 18 years shall be employed to be responsible for
and maintain a concrete pump or a distribution mast
 No person under the age of 18 years shall be employed in occupations
prohibited by regulation: as a shot firer, perform work by means of a
motorized hoisting apparatus, work on a suspended scaffolding, on a
boatswain’s chair, demolition work, operate a low velocity explosive actuated
tool, work underwater, work underground at the face of an open-pit site, or at
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the controls of hoisting or moving equipment, in excavations or trenches, or in
compressed air
For the purposes of this act, the security or development if a child is
considered to be in danger when he/she is forced or induced to do work
disproportionate to his/her capacity or to perform for the public in a manner
that is unacceptable for his/her age
No person under the age of 18 years shall be issued a permit until of full age
A pub, tavern or bar permit must be revoked or suspended if the permit
holder has been convicted of an offence for having employed a minor or for
having allowed a minor to present or to participate in a show, in a room, or on
a terrace of his/her establishment where alcoholic beverages may be sold
No person under the age of 20 years shall be employed as a blaster, unless
acting as an assistant, or as a hoist man
In Saskatchewan, a child under 16 years of age cannot be employed at occupations prohibited by
law
- Saskatchewan: Part 1, Section 9.1 (1), (2), and (3), Minimum Wage Regulations
Part 1, Section 9.3 (1), Minimum Wage Regulations
Part 3, Section 14 (1) (a-j), Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
Part 1, Section 8, Minimum Wage Board Order
Part 3, Section 14 (2) (a-e), Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
Part 4, Section 16.4 (2) (d), Alcohol Control Regulations
Part 5, Division 2, Section 113 (1) (a), Alcohol and Gaming Regulation
Act
Part 1, Section 12.1, The Saskatchewan Gaming Corporation Casino
Regulations
 No person under the age of 14 years shall be employed without work
readiness certificate, and not without written parental consent. Employer must
keep this certificate with youth’s record of employment
 An employer or contractor shall ensure that no person under the age of 16
years is employed or permitted to work on a construction site, in a production
process at a pulp mill, sawmill or woodworking establishment, in a production
process at a smelter, foundry, refinery or metal processing or fabricating
operation, in a confined space, in a production process in a meat, fish or
poultry processing plant, in a forestry or logging operation, on a drilling or
servicing rig, as an operator of powered mobile equipment, a crane or a hoist,
where exposure to a chemical or biological substance is likely to endanger the
health or safety of the person, or in power line construction or maintenance
 No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed in any educational
institution, hospital, nursing home, hotel, or restaurant
 An employer or contractor shall ensure that no person under the age of 18
years is employed underground or in an open pit at a mine, as a radiation
worker, in an asbestos process, in a silica process, in any activity for which
these regulations or any other regulations made pursuant to the Act require the
use of an atmosphere-supplying respirator
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No person under the age of 19 years shall be employed to participate in the
manufacture or handling of beverage alcohol
No person under the age of 19 years shall act in any way in the sale, handling
or serving of beverage alcohol in or about a permitted premises or any place
covered by a permit issued for the sale and consumption of beverage alcohol
at a special occasion
No person under the age of 19 years shall be present in the area in which
games of chance are located or in the areas of the casino where the gaming
area is in view, unless authorized by the liquor and gaming authority
In the Yukon Territory, a child less than 17 years of age cannot be employed in occupations that
may be specified by regulation or contrary to such conditions as may be prescribed by the
regulations
- Yukon Territory: Part 1, Section 14 (1) (a), Mines Safety Regulations
Part 15, Section 15.10 (1) (b), Surface and Underground Mines or
Projects-Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
Part 1, Section 6 (b), Apprenticeship Training Act
Part 3, Section 18, 6 (a), Employment Standards Act
Part 1, Section 19 (a), Radiation Protection Regulations
Part 1, Section 14 (1) (b), Mines Safety Regulations
Part 15, Section 15.10 (1) (b), Surface and Underground Mines or
Projects-Occupational Health and Safety Regulations
Part 1, Section 18 (1) (b), Blasting Regulations
Part 14, Section 14.05 (a), Blasting-Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations
Part 14, Section 14.20 (a), Blasting-Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations
Part 1, Section 54 (7), Liquor Act
Part 1, Section 58, Liquor Act
Part 1, Section 90 (4), Liquor Act
Part 1, Section 8, 2 (a) and (b), Regulations Respecting the Sale and
Consumption of Liquor
Part 1, Section 11, (1), Regulations Respecting the Sale and
Consumption of Liquor
Part 1, Section 11, (2) (a) and (b), Regulations Respecting the Sale and
Consumption of Liquor
Part 1, Section 12, (1) (a) and (b), Regulations Respecting the Sale and
Consumption of Liquor
Part1, Section (1-13), Young and New Workers
 No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed in or about a mine. At
age 16, a young person can be employed at a surface mine, except at the
working face
 No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed at a surface mine or
project. At age 16, he/she can be employed at a surface mine or project but
not at the working face
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No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed to enter into a written
apprenticeship agreement
No person shall employ a person under 17 years of age in any occupations
prescribed by the regulations
An owner of an x-ray machine or source shall not employ as an x-ray worker
any person who is under the age of 18 years, unless that person is undergoing
a course in training where knowledge of x-rays is required and is under the
direct supervision of an x-ray worker
No person under the age of 18 years shall be employed underground or at the
working face of a surface mine
No person under the age of 18 years shall be employed at an underground
project or at the working face of a surface mine or project
No person under the age of 18 years shall be employed to operate a motor
vehicle transporting explosive materials
No person under the age of 18 years shall be a candidate for a blaster’s permit
or temporary blaster’s permit
No person under the age of 18 years shall be in charge of or attend to a
conveyance carrying explosive material, whether parked or mobile
No person under the age of 19 years shall be issued a permit to sell, supply, or
serve liquor
No person under the age of 19 years shall be issued a license authorizing the
sale of liquor
No person under the age of 19 years shall enter, be in, or remain in any tavern
or cocktail lounge
No person under the age of 19 year may deliver liquor to a customer in a food
primary premises where a) the underage person is at least 16 years of age and
has written permission from i) the parent of the underage person or ii) the
president; and b) the licensee provides reasonable adult supervision of the
activities of the underage person to ensure safety and well-being of the
underage person
No person under the age of 19 year may enter a liquor primary premises for
the purposes of providing entertainment to customers on the premises where
a) the underage person is at least 16 years of age and has written permission to
do so from i) the parent of the underage person or ii) the president; b) the
licensee provides reasonable adult supervision of the activities of the underage
person to ensure the safety and well-being of the underage person
No person under the age of 19 year may enter a liquor primary premises for
purposes related to the person’s employment where a) the underage person is
at least 16 years of age and has written permission to do so from i) the parent
of the underage person or ii) the president; b) the licensee provides reasonable
adult supervision of the activities of the underage person to ensure the safety
and well-being of the underage person
Employers of new and young workers are responsible for providing adequate
training, supervision, and hazard identification, among other duties. Young
worker means any worker who is under 19 years of age. New worker means
any worker who is new to the workplace, returning to the workplace where the
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hazards in that workplace have changed during the worker’s absence or
relocated to a new workplace where the hazards in that workplace are
different from the hazards in the worker’s previous workplace
Time Limits on Young Workers
In Alberta, children under 15 but over 12 years of age cannot be employed more than 2 hours on
a school day
- Alberta: Part 5, Section 53 (3) and (4), Employment Standards Code Regulation
Part 5, Section 53 (1) (a-c), Employment Standards Code Regulation
Part 5, Section 53 (2), Employment Standards Code Regulation
Part 2, Division 9, Section 65, Employment Standards Code
 No employer may employ an adolescent under 15 but over 12 years of age for
longer than 2 hours outside of normal school hours on a day during which the
adolescent is required to attend school, or for longer than 8 hours on a day
during which the adolescent is not required to attend school. During the
period of time from 9:oo p.m. to the following 6:00 a.m., no employer may
employ an adolescent and no adolescent may work in any employment
 During the period of time from 9:00 p.m. to the following 12:01 a.m., no
employer may employ a young person (>15<17) and no young person may
work in any employment on or in connection with any of the following
premises unless the young person works with and is in the continuous
presence of at least one other individual 18 years old or older: the premises of
any retain business selling food or beverages, whether alcoholic or not, or any
other commodities, goods, wares or merchandise; the premises of a retail
business in which gasoline, diesel fuel, propane or any other product of
petroleum or natural gas is sold; a hotel, motel or other place that provides
overnight accommodation to the public
 During the period of time from 12:01 a.m. to the following 6:00 a.m., no
employer may employer a young person (>15<17) and no young person may
work, in any employment on or in connection with any of the premises
specified in subsection (1), unless with written consent from parent/guardian,
and in the continuous presence of an individual at least 18 years of age
 No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed during normal school
hours, unless the student is enrolled in an off-campus education program
provided under the School Act, or has received diploma (or equivalent)
In British Columbia, children under 14 and over 12 cannot be employed for more than 4 hours on
a school day, or for more than seven hours on a non-school day, according to Employment
Standards Act Regulation
- British Columbia: Part 7.1, Division 2, Section 45.3 (2), Employment Standards Act
Regulations
Part 7.1, Division 2, Section 45.3 (3), Employment Standards Act
Regulations
Part 7.1, Division 2, Section 45.8 (1-4), Employment Standards Act
Regulations
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Part 2, Section 3 (b), School Act
An employer of a child (>12<14) must not require or allow the child to work
on a school day at a time when the child is scheduled to attend, unless the
student is participating in an approved work study, work experience, or
occupational study class
An employer of a child ((>12<14) must not require or allow the child to work
more than 4 hours on a school day, more than 7 hours on a day that is not a
school day, unless the employer receives prior written approval from the
Director of Employment Standards, more than 20 hours in a week that has 5
school days, and in any case, more than 35 hours in a week
In this section, school day means, in relations to a child, a day on which the
child’s school is in session. The employer of a child (<15) in the
entertainment industry must ensure that, on any day that the employer requires
the child to report for work at any location designated by the employer, the
child’s shift ends no later than 8 hours after the child reports for work at that
location, if the child is under 12 years of age, or 10 hours after the child
reports for work at that location, if the child is 12 to less than 15 years of age,
unless the employer receives prior written approval from the director. The
employer of a child in the entertainment industry must not require the child to
report for work earlier than 5:00 a.m. on any day unless the employer receives
prior written approval from the director. The employer of a child in the
entertainment industry must ensure that the child’s shift ends no later than the
following times unless the employer receives prior written approval from the
director: if the child’s school is in session, 10:00 p.m. if the next day is a
school day, and 12:30 a.m. if the next day is not a school day, if the child’s
school is not in session, 2:00 a.m.
Children under 16 years of age have compulsory school attendance until the
age of 16, children under 16 cannot be employed during normal school hours,
unless in an approved work experience
In Manitoba, children under 16 years of age are not to be employed between the hours of 11:00
p. m. and 6:00 a.m., according to the Employment Standards Code
- Manitoba: Part 14, Section 258 (1), Public School Act
Part 3, Section 83 (4), Employment Standards Code
Part 3, Section 84 (1), Employment Standards Code
 No person under the age of 16 years shall be employed during regular school
hours, unless as part of an approved work study program
 No person shall employ a child under the age of 16 years between 11:00 p.m.
and 6:00 a.m., or for more than 20 hours during a week of school, except as
permitted by the regulations or as authorized by the director in special
circumstances
 No employer shall require or allow an employee under the age of 18 years to
work alone between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
In New Brunswick, children under 16 years of age cannot be employed more than 6 hours in any
day, or for more than 3 hours on a school day, according to the Employment Standards Act
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New Brunswick: Part 3, Section 39 (a-e), Employment Standards Act
Part 1, Section 15, Education Act
 No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 years in an
employment that is or is likely to be unwholesome or harmful to the person’s
health, welfare or moral or physical development
 No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 for more than
6 hours in any day, for more than 3 hours on any school day, on any day for a
period which, when added to the time required for attendance at school on that
day, would require the person to spend more than a total of 8 hours attending
school and working
 No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 between the
hour of 10 o’clock (10 p.m.) in the afternoon of any day and the hour of 6
o’clock (6 a.m.) in the forenoon of the following day
 Children under 18 years of age have compulsory school attendance until the
age of 18, or upon being granted a high school diploma (or equivalent)
In Newfoundland, the time limits restricting youth from working apply to children 16 and under
- Newfoundland: Part 9, Section 46 (b), Labour Standards Act
Part 1, Section 4 (c), School Act
 No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 years for more
than 8 hours a day, or for more than 3 hours on a school day unless a
certificate covering that day has been issued under section 8 of the School
Attendance Act
 No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 years on a day
for a period that, when added to the time required for attendance at school on
that day, totals more than 8 hours
 No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 years between
the hours of 10 p.m. of 1 day and 7 a.m. of the following day, or in
circumstances that would prevent the child from obtaining a rest period of at
least 12 consecutive hours a day
 Anyone who interferes with a student’s regular school attendance is guilty of
an offence under the School Act
In Northwest Territories and Nunavut, children under 16 years of age and those still bound by
compulsory school attendance are prohibited from working during regular school
- Northwest Territories: Part 1, Section 27 (3), Education Act
Part 1, Section 4, Employment of Young Persons Regulations
Part 1, Section 27 (2-3), Education Act
 No employer shall employ a person who is under the age of 16 years during
regular school hours unless student has diploma, or has permission from
principal to work
 No employer shall permit or require a young person under the age of 17 years
to work at any time between the hours of 11 p.m. on one day and 6 a.m. on
the next day unless he/she first obtains the approval in writing of the Labour
Standards Officer
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Children under 17 years of age have compulsory school attendance protecting
them from employment during regular school hours unless as part of an
approved work-study or with the permission from the principal. Every person
who fails to comply with subsection 27 (2) is guilty of an offence and liable
on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $500
In Nova Scotia, children under 14 years of age cannot be employed for more than 8 hours on a
day, or more than 3 hours on a school day
- Nova Scotia: Part 1, Section 68 (3) (a-d), Labour Standards Code
Part 1, Section 36, Governor in Council Education Act Regulations
Part 1, Section 111, 114, and 115, Education Act
 No person shall employ a child under 14 years of age to work for more than 8
hours in any day, for more than 3 hours on any school day unless an
employment certificate authorizing the employment of the child has been
issued under the Education Act, and on any day for a period that, when added
to the time required for attendance at school on that day, totals more than 8
hours
 No person shall employ a child under 14 years of age to work between the
hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. the following day
 A student under the age of 15 years can be issued a certificate exempting the
student from attendance at school if certain conditions are met (e.g., physical
or mental health)
 No person shall employ a child under the age of 16 years during regular
school hours, unless a certificate authorizing the employment has been issued
by the school board or a representative
In Nunavut, children under 16 years of age and those still bound by compulsory school
attendance are prohibited from working during regular school
- Nunavut: Part 1, Section 27 (3), Education Act
Part 1, Section 4, Employment of Young Persons Regulations
Part 1, Section 27 (2-3), Education Act
 No person shall employ a child under the age of 16 years during regular
school hours, unless student has diploma, or has permission from principal to
work
 No employer shall permit or require a young person under the age of 17 years
to work at any time between the hours of 11 p.m. on one day and 6 a.m. on
the next day unless he/she first obtains the approval in writing of the Labour
Standards Officer
 Children under 17 years of age have compulsory school attendance protecting
them from employment during regular school hours unless as part of an
approved work-study or with the permission from the principal. Every person
who fails to comply with subsection 27 (2) is guilty of an offence and liable
on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding $500
In Ontario, the compulsory age for school attendance is 18, so children under 18 are not to be
employed during regular school hours, unless they have received secondary school diploma
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Ontario: Part 2, Section 30 (3), Education Act
Part 2, Section 30 (1), Education Act
Part 2, Section 30 (5), Education Act
 No person shall employ a child under the age of 18 years during regular
school hours, unless employment during regular school hours are part of an
equivalent learning experience approved by board, or student has already
obtained high school diploma
 A parent or guardian of a person required to attend school under section 21
who neglects or refuses to cause that person to attend school is, unless the
person is at least 16 years of age and has withdrawn from parental control,
guilty of an offence and on conviction is liable to a fine of not more than
$1,000 and anyone who employs a person required to attend school during
regular school hours (unless person is employed during regular school hours
as part of approved work experience program
 A person who is required by law to attend school and who refuses to attend or
who is habitually absent from school is, unless the person is 16 years of age or
older, guilty of an offence punishable by Provincial Offences Act
In Prince Edward Island, children under 16 years of age are prohibited from working during
regular school hours
- Prince Edward Island: Part 1, Section 6 (1) (a-c), Youth Employment Act
Part 6, Section 69 (1), School Act
 No employer shall employ a young person under the age of 16 years between
the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., during normal school hours except
pursuant to a recognized vocational training or apprenticeship program
 No employer shall employ a young person under the age of 16 years for more
than 3 hours on any school day, 8 hours on any day other than a school day,
and not more than 40 hours in any week
 Children under 16 years of age have compulsory school attendance protecting
them from employment during regular school hours
In Quebec, children under the age of 16 years are bound by compulsory school attendance, and
under the Education Act, cannot be employed during school hours
- Quebec: Chapter 1, Division 2, Section 14, Education Act
Chapter 4, Division 6.2, Section 84.5, An Act Respecting Labour Standards
Chapter 4, Division 6.2, Section 84.6, An Act Respecting Labour Standards
Chapter 4, Division 6.2, Section 84.7, An Act Respecting Labour Standards
 Children under the age of 16 years shall not be employed during compulsory
school hours, unless as part of a work experience program, or until high
school diploma is obtained
 In the case of a child (<17 years of age) subject to compulsory school
attendance, an employer may not have work performed by that child during
regular school hours and must ensure that the work is scheduled so that the
child is able to attend school during school hours
 No employer may have work performed by a child under the age of 17 years
between 11 p.m. on any given day and 6 a.m. on the following day, unless the
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child is no longer subject to compulsory school attendance, or unless the child
is employed as a newspaper delivery person, or other occupation prescribed
by regulation
An employer who has work performed by a child under the age of 17 years
must schedule the work so that, having regard to the location of the child`s
family residence, the child may be at the family residence between 11 p.m. on
any given day and 6 a.m. on the following day, unless the child is no longer
subject to compulsory school attendance and except as determined by
regulation
In Saskatchewan, children under 14 years of age cannot be employed certain hours in the week
- Saskatchewan: Part 1, Section 9.2 (a) and (b), Minimum Wage Regulations
Part 1, Section 9.5 (2) (a) and (b), Minimum Wage Regulations
Part 4, Section 149 (1-2), Education Act
Part 1, Section 9.2 (c), Minimum Wage Regulations
 No person shall employ a youth under the age of 16 years in the period after
10:00 p.m. on a day preceding a school day and until the start of the hours that
the school the youth attends is in session during the school day
 No person shall employ a youth under the age of 16 years for more than 16
hours during a week in which there is a school day for the school that the
youth attends
 The Director is able to exempt any youth under 16 from these provisions if the
parent/guardian of the youth and the Director see it fit
 No person shall employ a youth under the age of 16 years during regular
school hours, unless participating in an approved work experience program,
and with permission from the principle. Employers and parents can be fined
$100.00 for preventing a youth from regular school attendance
In Yukon Territory, children under the age of 16 years are bound by compulsory school
attendance
- Yukon Territory: Part 3, Division 4, Section 22 (1), Education Act
 No person shall employ a youth under the age of 16 years during regular
school hours, unless the Director of Employment of Standards makes
exemptions
Worker Compensation
In Alberta, compensation is available to every worker or his or her dependents in the province if
the injury is not attributable to the serious and willful misconduct of the worker
- Alberta: Part 4, Section 24 (1) (a) and (b), Worker's Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (2) and (3) (1) (a-c) and Schedule A, Worker's Compensation Act
Regulation
 (Inc) Subject to this Act, compensation under this Act is payable to a worker
who suffers personal injury by an accident, unless the injury is attributable
primarily to the serious and willful misconduct of the worker, and to the
dependants of a worker who dies as a result of an accident
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(Excl) The Exclusion Act lists the occupations excluded from WCA in
Alberta, unless it is carried on as part of an industry to which the act applies or
has been approved by the board
In British Columbia, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employees in the province,
except employers and works exempted by order of the Board
- British Columbia: Part 1, Division 1, Section 2 (1), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Division 2, Section 12, Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Division 3, Section 33.3, Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Division 3, Section 33.5 and 33.7, Worker’s Compensation Act
 (Inc) This Act applies to all employers, as employers; and all workers in
British Columbia except employers and workers exempted by order of the
Board
 A worker under the age of 19 years is sui juris (of full legal age and capacity;
capable of managing own affairs) for the purpose of this Part, and no other
person has a cause of action or right to compensation for the personal injury or
disablement except as expressly provided in this Part
 Apprentice or Learner: if a worker at the time of the injury is an apprentice in
a trade or an occupation or a profession or is a person referred to in paragraph
(b) of the definition of a “worker”, the Board’s determination of the amount of
average earnings under Section 33.1 (2) must be based on the gross earnings,
as determined by the Board, for the 12 month period immediately preceding
the date of injury, of a qualified person employed at the starting rate in the
same trade, occupation or profession (a) by the same employer of (b) if no
person is so employed, by an employer in the same region
 Compensation for casual workers and workers with no earnings is provided
 No exclusions
In Manitoba, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers in the
province, except those excluded by regulation
- Manitoba: Part 1, Section 2, Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 7.2, Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Worker's compensation act-Excluded industries
 (Inc) This Act applies to all employers and all workers in all industries in
Manitoba except those excluded by regulation. Artisans and Mechanics can
be considered as workers covered under the act
 Apprentices receive coverage under the act as if they were professionals
 (Excl) The industries, employers and workers listed in Schedule A are
excluded from being within the scope of Part 1 of the Act
In New Brunswick, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers in the
province, except for casual workers, people who play sports for a living, outworkers, members of
the family of an employer residing with the employer who are under the age of 16, and domestic
workers
- New Brunswick: Part 1, Section 2 (1) and (3), Worker's Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 3 (1) and (2), Exclusion of Workers Regulation
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(Inc) This Act applies to all employers and workers in or about any industry in
the Province. However, it does not apply to : a) persons whose employment is
of casual nature and otherwise for the purposes of the industry; a.1) persons
who play sports as the main source of their income; b) outworkers; c)
members of the family of the employer residing with the employer who are
under 16 years of age; d) persons employed as domestic servants
(Excl) Other exclusions: aside from the exclusions included in the WCA; an
industry is excluded from Part 1 of the Act unless it has throughout its
operations in the year at least 3 workers at the same time usually employed;
and the fishing industry is excluded from Part 1 of the Act as well except for
undertakings in which 25 or more workers are at the same time usually
employed
In Newfoundland, the Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation Act applies to all employers
and workers in the province, except those the Lieutenant Governor may exclude by regulation
- Newfoundland: Part 3, Section 38 (1-3), Workplace Health, Safety and Compensation
Act
Part 3, Section 40 (1) and (2), Workplace Health, Safety and
Compensation Act
Part 3, Section 42 (1-3), Workplace Health, Safety and
Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 4, Workplace Health, Safety and
Compensation Act
 (Inc) This Act applies to workers and employees engaged in, about or in
connection with an industry in the province except those industries, employers
or workers that the Lieutenant-Governor in Council may exclude by
regulation; and the commission may by order or regulation, exclude an
employer or worker from the scope of this Act, where it is the opinion that the
exclusion is appropriate; or may include any employer or worker who was
excluded from the Act
 Coverage for particular workers; the Lieutenant-Governor in Council may, by
regulations, provide that the provisions of this Act may apply and to the extent
that the regulations may provide
 Worker Training Programs: Where a student is enrolled in an educational
institution and is participating in a work training program he/she shall , while
participating in the work training program, be considered to be a worker
employed by the province; and where a student is injured while participating
in a work training program and is entitled to compensation the amount
payable to him/her shall be based on the current rate paid to a worker engaged
in the same or similar work provided that the amount payable does not exceed
that set by this Act; even though the age for admission to a work training
program is 15 years of age, in exceptional circumstances the commission may,
at the request of the Minister of Education, rule a student to be entitled to the
benefits of this section
 (Excl) The following are excluded from the provisions of the act: (a)
employment by a person in respect of construction or renovation of a private
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residence, where the residence is or shall be used as a private residence of that
person; (b) employment by a person in respect of a function in a private
residence of that person, and (c) professional sports competitors
In Northwest Territories, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers in
the territory
- Northwest Territories: Part 1, Section 3 (1), Workers Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 5 (1), Workers Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 3 (3), Workers Compensation Act
 (Inc) This act applies to all employers and workers in the Northwest
Territories
 A person whose remuneration comes primarily from harvesting wildlife is
deemed to be a worker if he/she is (a) a resident of NWT; (b) is lawfully
harvesting wildlife under a land claim agreement, a treaty or other Aboriginal
right or the Wildlife Act, and ; (c) is not harvesting wildlife under a contract
of service
 (Excl) This Act does not apply to an employee, as defined in the Government
Employees Compensation Act
In Nova Scotia, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers in the
province and to any occupation listed in Schedule A
- Nova Scotia: Part 1, Section (3) (1) and (2), Workers Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (2), Worker’s Compensation General Regulations
Part 1, Section (3), Worker’s Compensation General Regulations
Part 1, Section (9) (1), Worker’s Compensation General Regulations
Part 1, Section (10), Worker’s Compensation General Regulations
Part 1, Section (12), Worker’s Compensation General Regulations
Part 1, Section (13), Worker’s Compensation General Regulations
Part 1, Section (15), Worker’s Compensation General Regulations
 (Inc) This Act applies to employers and workers engaged in, about or in
connection with any industry prescribed by the Governor in Council and the
Governor in Council may, by regulation, exclude any employer, class of
employer, or class of worker engaged in, about or in connection with any
industry prescribed pursuant to subsection (1)
 Employers and workers engaged in , about or in connection with the industries
listed in Appendix A are subject to the operations of this Act
 (Excl) Employers and workers engaged in, about or in connection with the
following industries are excluded from the operation of this act: businesses of
florists or seed men, seed growing, gardening and horticulture; the keeping or
breeding of livestock, poultry or bees; fruit growing; the picking, grading,
packing, hauling, handling and storage of fruit or vegetables; b) barber shops
and shoeshine establishments; c) undertaking and funeral directing; d)
education institutions, surgical medical, veterinary work and dental surgery; e)
taxidermy; f) work upon golf courses, tennis grounds; g) the operation of taxi
cabs; h) all operations of work carried out by means of a ship, boat or vessel
of any kind; and i) fishing, sealing and dredging
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
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Certain types of workers are excluded from the operations of the Act as well,
such as workers of casual employment, outworkers, police force and fire
department, and farm labourers and domestic servants
Additionally, all actors, players, artists and entertainers and all members of a
company or troupe of actors, players, or entertainers and the work performed
by them in a theatre or broadcasting station, as well as all work incidental to
their engagement or performances are excluded from the application of the
Act
Persons who receive remuneration for soliciting subscriptions for selling
newspapers and other periodicals or for writing editorials, news items, or
articles, or for making collections, but who do not perform any other duties in
connection with the newspaper (and it goes on…) are excluded for the
application of the Act
Persons employed by a telephone company to perform services in a
house/building not owned by the company and whose time is not fully
devoted during office hours to the work of the employer are excluded from the
Act
Certain types of businesses or undertakings are excluded from the application
of the Act until at least 3 worker are at the same time employed in the
business or undertaking
In Nunavut, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers in the
territory, except for employees as defined in the Government Employees Compensation Act
- Nunavut: Part 1, Section (3) (1), Workers Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (3) (3), Workers Compensation Act
 (Inc) This Act applies to all employers and workers in Nunavut
 (Excl) This Act does not apply to an employee, as defined in the Government
Employees Compensation Act
In Ontario, the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act applies to any worker who is injured or to
his/her dependents if he/she is killed
- Ontario: Part 1, Section (4) (1), Workplace Safety and Insurance Act
Part 1, Section (10) (7), Workplace Safety and Insurance Act
Part 1, Section (40) (6), Workplace Safety and Insurance Act Regulations
Part 1, Section (19), Workplace Safety and Insurance Act Regulations
Part 1, Section (3), Workplace Safety and Insurance Act Regulations
 (Inc) This Act applies where any employment, to which this part applies,
personal injury by accident arising out of and in the course of employment is
caused to a worker, the worker and the worker’s dependents are entitled to
benefits in the manner and to the extent provided under this Act
 When the worker who is injured at work is a minor, they are entitled to the
provisions of the Act, however, the election to Part 1, Section 4, Subsection 1
may be made on their behalf by a parent or guardian or a Children’s Lawyer
 Apprentices, learners and students are eligible for compensation
 Schedule 1 employers and workers are eligible for the provisions of the Act
 (Excl) Some types of workers are excluded from the provision of the Act
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In Prince Edward Island, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers
engaged in any industry in the province
- Prince Edward Island: Part 1, Section (2) (1), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (3), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (5) (1), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (9) (2), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (2), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section (2), Worker’s Compensation Act General
Regulations
 (Inc) This Act applies to all workers and employers engaged in, about or in
connection with, any industry in the province except those workers, employers
or industries excluded under subsection (2) or by the regulations
 The Board may, on application, by order direct that this Act shall apply to an
employer or worker otherwise excluded
 Young workers are included in the provisions of the Act, even if their
employment was in violation of another Act, Part 1, Section (5) (1).
Apprentices are also included in the provisions of the Act, Part 1, Section (9)
(2)
 (Excl) The Board may, by order made with the approval of the Lieutenant
Governor in Council, exclude any particular employer or worker from the
application of this Act
 The following workers and industries are excluded from the application of the
Act except where the occupation is carried on as a part of an industry to which
the Act applies
In Quebec, the Act Respecting Industrial Accidents and Occupational Diseases applies to all
employers and workers in the province
- Quebec: Part 1, Division 3, Section 7, An Act Respecting Industrial Accidents and
Occupational Diseases
Part 1, Division 3, Section 8, An Act Respecting Industrial Accidents and
Occupational Diseases
 (Inc) This Act applies to every worker to whom an industrial accident happens
in Quebec or who contracts an occupational disease in Quebec and whose
employer, when the accident happens or the disease is contracted, has an
establishment in Quebec
 This Act applies to a worker who is the victim of an industrial accident
outside Quebec, or who suffers from an occupational disease contracted
outside of Quebec if, when the accident occurs or the occupational disease is
contracted, the worker has his/her domicile in Quebec and this employer has
an establishment in Quebec
 No exclusions
In Saskatchewan, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers engaged
with any industry in the province except those industries excluded by regulation and section 10
- Saskatchewan: Part 1, Section 3 (1), Worker’s Compensation Act
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Part 1, Section 3 (2), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 10 (a-e), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 3 (a-z) and (aa-dd), The Worker’s Compensation Act
Exclusion Regulations
Part 1, Section 4 (1) and (2), The Worker’s Compensation Act
Exclusion Regulations
(Inc) This Act applies to all employers and workers engaged in, about or in
connection with any industry in Saskatchewan except those industries
excluded by regulation of the Lieutenant Governor in Council or by section 10
(Excl) The Lieutenant Governor in Council may, by regulation, exclude any
industry, employer or worker from the provisions of this act
This act does not apply to casual workers, outworkers, household servants
employed in a private home by a resident, the industry of farming and
ranching and teachers
The following industries and occupations are excluded from the provisions of
the act
An employer in forestry operations who is : a) not operating as part of another
forestry operation or under a subcontract and b) engaged in producing any
product in a quantity that is less than a quantity that the board may specify; is
excluded from the provisions of this act
In the Yukon Territory, the Worker’s Compensation Act applies to all employers and workers in
all industries
- Yukon Territory: Part 1, Section 2, Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 4 (1) (a-d), Worker’s Compensation Act
Part 1, Section 3 (3), Worker’s Compensation Act
 (Inc) This act applies to all employers and workers in all industries
 The Director may include the following as workers to be eligible for the
provisions of this act: casual workers, domestics, religious workers/clerics,
and volunteers
 (Excl) This Act does not apply to an employee, as defined in the Government
Employees Compensation Act