8.2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
-the two phases of photosynthesis [ describe / diagram ]
-the role structures in chloroplast play in photosynthesis
-factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis
MAIN IDEA
-LIGHT energy  CHEMICAL energy
-plants absorb LIGHT ENERGY from the SUN to create
GLUCOSE- CHEMCIAL ENERGY
SONG- PHOTOSYNTHESIS RAP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afFIEyVGnCQ
8.2 READ Qs
1-IDENTIFY two ways cells can use glucose
-build complex sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
-energy
2- NAME: Check the organism that has chloroplasts
 Mushroom
 oak tree

 earthworm
-Also occurs in bacteria, algae, protistsWATCH:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g78utcLQrJ4
8.2 READ Qs
3- ILLUSTRATE/LABEL - thylakoid, granum, stroma
8.2 READ Qs
4- EXPLAIN why the leaves of some trees change
color in the fall
-in the fall plants break down their chlorophyll—the
other pigments of the leaf can then be seen
8.2 READ Qs
5-DESCRIBE what photosystem I & II are made of
- light-absorbing pigments & proteins
8.2 READ Qs
6-IDENTIFY: Highlight on the diagram the path
electrons follow
-CIRCLE: What molecule is the electron’s final
- NADPH
destination __________________________
8.2 VOC
 -chloroplasts
 -thylakoid
 -grana
 -stroma
 -pigment
 -Calvin cycle
 PROVIDE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE:
Infer why chloroplasts are found mostly in the leaves of
plants.
a. The large surface area of leaves allows for maximum
light absorption.
b. The waxy coating on the surface of leaves helps
prevent evaporation.
c. Chlorophyll interferes with the xylem and phloem in
the stems and trunks of plants.
d. The large surface area of leaves allows for contact
with oxygen.
-Light is absorbed by the chloroplasts in plant cells
-________________________________________
-Large surface area provides more exposure of cells
-________________________________________
-________________________________________
PHASE ONE / PHASE TWO - DIAGRAM
7
2
1
9
10
3
5
6
4
8
8.2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
-the two phases of photosynthesis [ describe / diagram ]
-the role structures in chloroplast play in photosynthesis
-factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis
MAIN IDEA
-LIGHT energy  CHEMICAL energy
-plants absorb LIGHT ENERGY from the SUN to create
GLUCOSE- CHEMCIAL ENERGY
SONG- PHOTOSYNTHESIS RAP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afFIEyVGnCQ
OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LIST organisms that carry out photosynthesis
-autotrophs (plants)
LIST the organelle where photosynthesis takes place
-chloroplast 1st-thylakoid / 2nd-stroma
IDENTIFY the chemical equation for photosynthesis:
6CO2
6H2O
C6H12O6
6O2
__________
+ __________
 __________
+ ___________
[REACTANTS]
light
[PRODUCTS]
IDENTIFY the energy form used during photosynthesis
chemcial
light
IDENTIFY the energy form produced during photosynthesis
chemcial
light
IMPORTANT STRUCTURES
-INTERNAL STRUCTURE: leaf tissue
CHLOROPLAST
IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- CHLOROPLAST
CHLOROPLAST
-located in the cell of leaves
IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- CHLOROPLAST
INNER/OUTER MEMBRANE
-phospholipid bilayer
-carbs transported across
membrane
THYLAKOIDS - “coins”
-phase I
GRANUM- “stack of coins”
STROMA- fluid/space
-phase II
MAIN IDEA
IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- CHLOROPLAST
STOMATAopenings in leaf allow exchange of water/gases
GUARD CELLSopen & close stomata by changing shape
Photosynthesis Animation
Open
Closed
IMPORTANT STRUCTURES- PIGMENTS
PIGMENTS
-absorb colored light
-found in thylakoids of chloroplast
CHLOROPHYLL
-major light-absorbing pigment in plants
-gathers sunlight
-absorbs light in all wavelengths [violet-blue]
-EXCEPT GREEN / Reflects GREEN
PHASE ONE: LIGHT REACTIONS
PHASE I- light-dependent <PHOTO>
NAME: Light Reactions
OCCURS IN: thylakoids
STARTS WITH: light energy-SUN
water
PRODUCES: -oxygen
-H+
-ATP / NADPH [energy storing molecules]
PHASE ONE: LIGHT REACTIONS
-sunlight splits water molecules -H2O
-excites electrons ~ e- gain ENERGY
-releases oxygen gas -O2 [waste product]
-H+ (protons) needed to make food
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
-thylakoid membrane
PHOTOSYSTEM II (protein)
ELECTRON CARRIER- NADP+
-accepts/transports high energy e-convert ADP and NADP+ energy carriers ATP and NADPH
PHOTOSYSTEM I (protein)
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
photosystem II
photosystem I
PHASE TWO: CALVIN CYCLE
PHASE 2- light-independent
<SYNTHESIS>
NAME: CALVIN CYCLE
OCCURS IN: stroma
STARTS WITH: -CO2
-ATP / NADPH [energy molecules]
PRODUCES: -GLUCOSE [6 carbon sugar]
-ADP / NADP+ [return to light-dependent phase]
PHASE ONE / PHASE TWO - DIAGRAM
7
2
1
9
10
3
5
6
4
8
OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
25
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1-WATER
2-LIGHT INTENSITY
3-CO2 CONCENTRATION
4-TEMPERATURE
5-COLOR of LIGHT