Male and Female
Reproductive Organs
Male Reproductive System
 Sperm-sex cells that are produced by the
testes and is needed to fertilize an egg.
 Testes(testicles)-make sperm and testosterone
 The testes start producing sperm at puberty
and the duration of a male’s livelihood.
 The testes produce several hundred million
sperm each day.
Male Reproductive System
 Testosterone- major sex
horomone. At puberty it causes
facial and body hair, deepening
of the voice, and also influences
sperm production.
Male Reproductive System
 Scrotum- this is where the two testes
rest.
 There are small muscles in the
scrotum that move the testes closer or
further from the body.
 This movement keeps the sperm
cooler because sperm cannot develop
properly at the higher inner body temp.
Male Reproductive System
 Penis-male reproductive organ that
removes urine from the body and
that can deliver sperm to the vagina.
 Made of soft tissue and blood
vessels
 During sexual activity the penis
becomes erect. Also known as an
erection.
Male Reproductive System
 The erection occurs because the
blood vessels in the penis fill with
blood.
 Once the penis is erect, ejaculation
can take place
 Ejaculation-when sperm is released
from the penis.
Male Reproductive System
 Sometimes males ejaculate when
they sleep; this is normal. This is
called nocturnal emissions or “wet
dreams.”
 The tip of the penis is covered by
foreskin but is sometimes removed
after birth in a procedure called a
circumcision.
Male Reproductive System
 The mixture of sperm and other
secretions from the male
reproductive organs is a fluid known
as semen.
 The path of the sperm goes as
followed: testes-epididymis-van
deferens-seminal vesicles-prostate
gland-bulbourethral glands
Problems
 Jock Itch-fungal infection
 Cystits-inflammation of urinary
bladder due to bacterial infection.
 Prostatitis-bacterial infection of
prostate
 Hernia-bulging portion in
abdomen,groin,or scrotum
Problems
 Testicular torsion-twisting of testis on
the nerves and blood vessels
attached to it
 Undescended testes-faliure of one
or both testes to move from the
abdomen to the scrotum.
 Prostate and Testicular cancer.
Performing Testicular
Check-Up
 Perform self-exam during or after a
warm bath or shower.
 Examine each testicle seperately. Roll
each testicle gently between fingers.
 Look and feel for any lumps or any
change in size, shape, or consistency
of testicle
 Contact doctor if any trouble.
Female Reproductive
System
 The function of the system is to
make eggs and to provide a
place to support and nourish a
developing human.
 Breasts are considered
secondary reproductive organs.
Female Reproductive
System
 Two Ovaries.
 Ovaries-produce eggs and the
hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
 Eggs are fertilized by sperm
 All the eggs that a female will ever
have are in her two ovaries when
she is born.
Female Reproductive
Organ
 Estrogen-causes reproductive
organs to mature, pubic and
underarm hair to grow, and helps
strengthens bones.
 Estrogen and Progesterone regulate
the monthly release of an egg and
prepare the body for pregnancy.
Female Reproductive
System
 Vagina-connects the outside of
the body to the uterus and
receives sperm. Also allows
menstrual flow to exit the body
and is part of the birth canal
where the baby is delivered.
Female Reproductive
System
 Above the vagina is the urethra,
where urine is dispensed.
 Fallopian Tubes-transport the eggs
from the ovary to the uterus.
 Uterus-place to support a developing
human.
 Cervix-uterus meets the vagina
Female Reproductive
system
 Menstrual Cycle-monthly series of
hormone controlled changes that
prepare the uterine lining for
pregnancy.
 Ovulation-release of an egg
 Before ovulation estrogen levels rise
and causes the uterine lining to
thicken.
Female Reproductive
System
 If the egg does not become fertile
then estrogen and progesterone
levels drop, thus causing
menstruation to take place.
 Menstruation typically lasts 3-7 days.
During this time females use
tampons or sanitary pads.
Problems
 Cystitis-inflammation of urinary
bladder
 Vaginitis-vaginal infection by fungus
or bacteria.
 Delayed Puberty-anorexia,excessive
weight loss and/or overexercise
 Menstrual Cramps
Problems
 PMS-mental and physical changes
related to menstrual cycle.
 Toxic Shock Syndrome-poisoning of
body from bacterial toxins; related to
tampons
 Endometriosis-growth of tissue from
uterine lining outside the uterus
Problem
 Ovarian Cyst-failure of follicle in ovary to
rupture and release an egg
 Cervical Cancer-abnormal division of
cells in the cervix.
Annual Pelvic Exam
 Doctor should exam the breast and
genital area and a pap smear.
 Pap Smear-examines the cells of the
cervix. This exam is important for
detecting and preventing cervical
cancer.
Breast Self-Exam
 Perform during or after a warm bath
or shower.
 Place one hand over your head and
use the other hand to examine the
breast.
 Squeeze the nipple and look for
unusual discharge.
Breast Self-Exam
 Check breast for swelling,
dimpling, or scaliness
 Feel each breast for unusual
lumps or thickening under the
skin.
 Check under the armpits and b/t
armpits and breasts.