Wireless Access in 2006
and Beyond
Matt Kolon
Mobility Architect
matt@juniper.net
Copyright © 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.
Proprietary and Confidential
www.juniper.net
1
Agenda
 Mobile technology overview
• GSM, GPRS/EDGE and transition to UMTS WCDMA
• CDMA and CDMA2000 transition to 3G
• WLAN and mobile integration
 Planning considerations for wireless access
Copyright © 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.
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2
Mobile Packet Networks
Service Domain
WiFi/WiMax
Host
Subscriber
Server (HSS)
Emergency
Alert System
(EAS)
Access Point
Call Session
Control
Function
(CSCF)
Site Router
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Base Station
Controller (BSC)
Base Switching Station
(GSM/EDGE)
Mobile
Switching
Center (MSC)
UTRAN (WCDMA)
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Media
Resource
Function (MRF)
Media
Gateway
Transit
Switching
Center (TSC)
PSTN/
ISDN
Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
Mobile Packet Backbone
Network
Base Transceiver
Station (BTS)
Radio Network
Controller (RNC)
IP Multimedia Subsystem
Multimedia
Gateway
Gateway
GSN
Intranets/
Internet
WLAN Access
Server
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3
Wireless evolution: 3 major streams
2G
2.5G
3G
IS-95B
CDMA
CDMA
IS-95A
1xRTT
1xEV-DO
1xEV-DV
CDMA2000
3xRTT
HSCSD
GSM
GSM
GPRS
WCDMA
Multiple phases
EDGE
Wireless
Broadband
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WiFi
WiMAX
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GSM evolution to 3G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps
Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS
Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent
Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)
GSM
9.6kbps (one timeslot)
GSM Data
Also called CSD
GSM
HSCSD
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
Uses 8PSK modulation
3x improvement in data rate on short distances
Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances
Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps
Can also be combined with HSCSD
GPRS
General Packet Radio Services
Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps
Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time
Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time
Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays
GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)
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WCDMA
EDGE
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CDMA2000 evolution to 3G
IS-95B
Uses multiple code channels
Data rates up to 64kbps
Many operators gone direct to 1xRTT
IS-95B
CDMA
IS-95A
IS-95A
14.4 kbps
Core network
re-used in
CDMA2000
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Evolved Data Optimised
Third phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Standardised version of Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR)
Adds TDMA components beneath code components
Good for highly asymmetric high speed data apps
Speeds to 2Mbps +, classed as a “3G” system
Use new or existing spectrum
1xEV-DO
1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xRTT: single carrier RTT
First phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Easy co-existence with IS-95A air interface
Release 0 - max 144 kbps
Release A – max 384 kbps
Same core network as IS-95
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1xEV-DV
CDMA2000
3xRTT
CDMA2000 1x Evolved DV
Fourth phase in CDMA2000 evolution
Still under development
Speeds to 5Mbps+ (more than 3xRTT!)
Possible end game.
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3G Release 99 Packet switched
SCP
RNC
Iu r
AAL2
NodeB
Iu b
TDM
Iu cs
PSTN
IP/AAL5
USIM
3G MSC
Iu ps
HLR
AUC
IP
Gn
3G SGSN
Packet transfer to & from serving area
Registration, authentication
Mobility management
logical links to RNC, tunnel to GGSN
QoS
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Gi
Internet
Corporate
3G GGSN
Multiple PDP contexts
QoS (GPRS extensions for
real time traffic classes etc)
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3G Release 4
TS 23.205 Split
TS 29.414 Bearer
BICC
Mc
H.248
MEGACO
Circuit switched
call control server
(MSC Server)
Nb
NodeB
USIM
Media
Gateway
IP/AAL5
TDM
ATM
IP
Media
Gateway
PSTN
(CS-MGW)
Split MSC into bearer and control
Bearer independent CS
New MGCP, new CS call control
Internet
Corporate
Streaming MMS service using PS
streaming service 26.233
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3G Release 5
23.228 IMS
25.933 IP UTRAN
BICC
SIP
STACK
RTP
or
AAL2
UDP/IP or AAL2
NodeB
Iu cs
Iu b
Circuit switched
call control server
H.248
TDM
ATM
IP
PSTN
Iu ps
USIM
IP/AAL5
Native IP UTRAN option
Call Session Control Function
IP multimedia control sub system
(IMS) – IPv6, SIP based
Internet
Corporate
SIP IP Multimedia
CSCF
QoS enhancements (end-to-end)
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Mobile IP Applications
 WiMAX networks
 WLAN to cellular roaming
 Inter GGSN or PDSN roaming
Wi-Fi
FA
Mobile
Node
WAP
Internet
ESS
FA
RAN
Mobile
Core
HA
Home
Network
SGSN
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Mobile IP Interworking with UMTS/GPRS

Recommends use of FA Care Of Addresses (CoA), not collocated, to conserve IPv4 addresses
Source:
3GPP
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Tight integration proposed by 3GPP
HLR
GPRS Tunneling Protocol
Client
Authenticator
EAPoL
Access Controller, RADIUS/SS-7
RADIUS Relay
GW
HLR
GGSN
GGSN
RADIUS
RADIUS
Client Authentication
Gr Interface
Create PDP Context {IP, transparent mode APN,
IMSI/NSAPI, MSISDN, dynamic address requested}
Create PDP Context Response {End User Address}
DHCP Discover
Client –
IP Address
Assignment
DHCP Offer
DHCP Request
DHCP Ack {address = End User
address from GGSN}
Lease
expiration
Delete PDP Context Request
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High Level IMS Architecture
SERVICE
PLANE
ABBREVIATIONS
SCIM: Service Capability Interaction Manager
SCIM
(Service Broker Platform)
MRFC: Multimedia Resource Function Controller
CSCF: Call Session Control Function
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
HLR: Home Location Register
MRFC
PDF: Policy Decision Function
I-CSCF
MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function
MGW: Media Gateway
GGSN: Gateway P\GPRS Support Node
BTS
RAN
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WLAN
RNC
BSC
MRFP
HLR
P-CSCF
BGCF
PDF
MGCF
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
Node B
HSS
MG
W
MG
W
SGSN
GGSN
CONTROL
PLANE
BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function
S-CSCF
PSTN
PLMN
Intranet/
Internet
TRANSPORT PLANE
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13
Thank You
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Backup Slides
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15
3GPP2 Reference Architecture
MSC/VLR
HLR
SS7
A
Reference
Point
Radio
Network
(RN)
A1
A2 A5
Source
BSC
Ater
Reference
Point
A11
A9
A8
A3
A7
Aquinter
Reference
Point
PCF
A10
Pi
External IP
Network
PDSN
Aquater
Reference
Point
(R-P Interface)
Source
BTS
Target
BSC
Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011
Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011
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GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
Circuit
Switched
Um
BTS
SIM
SCP
BSC
& PCU
Abis
TDM
A
PSTN
Packet
Switched
Core
FR
Gb
IP Network
Gn
Packet Control Unit
(PCU)
Serving GPRS Support Node
(SGSN)
Forward data frames from
TDM BSS to packet core
Packet transfer to, from serving area
New hardware in BSC
Registration, authentication, mobility
management / handover, CDRs
logical links to BTS, tunnel to GGSN
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AUC
HLR
Gi
Internet
Corporate
Gateway GPRS Support
Node (GGSN)
Gateway to external IP
networks (VPN/ISP etc)
IP network security
GPRS session mgmt, AAAA
CDRs for charging
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