12/2 DAILY CATALYST PG. 57 DISEASES
1. Your good friend is sick. Since you are a Biology II
expert, they come to you for help! Propose a way to
determine if your friend has bacterial or viral infection.
 2. Why are vaccines not a treatment for viral infections?
 3. If a solution surrounding a cell has 45% sugar, and
the cell has 23% sugar, where will the water move?
Why?

12/2 DAILY CATALYST PG. 57 DISEASES
1. Your good friend is sick. Since you are a Biology II
expert, they come to you for help! Propose a way to
determine if your friend has bacterial or viral infection.
 Give your friend an antibiotic, look at their cells under a
microscope, and look at their symptoms.
 2. Why are vaccines not treatment for viral infections?
 Vaccines are used for prevention not treatment of a virus.
Your immune system will need to fight the virus.
 3. If a solution surrounding a cell has 45% sugar, and the
cell has 23% sugar, where will the water move?

45% sugar
55% water
23% sugar
77% water
Water will move
OUT of the cell
12/2 CLASS BUSINESS PG. 57 DISEASES

DNA test corrections due Friday, December
5th


Systems quiz #13 on Friday


Test key on the website
See me for tutoring
Public health campaign project due Friday,
December 5th
Sign up to for presentations this week
 Presentations Thursday and Friday, December
11th-12th
 Worth a test grade


Updated calendar on the website
WINTER JOKE
Why don’t mountains get
cold in the winter?
• They wear snowcaps.
12/2 AGENDA PG. 57 DISEASES
Daily Catalyst
 Class Business
 Diseases Notes
 Homeostasis notes
 Practice Time

12/2 OBJECTIVE
Describe
causes, symptoms,
treatments, and preventions of
major communicable and
noncommunicable diseases.
KEY POINT #1
 Key
Point #1: Disease
 Any medical or physical condition that
does not allow the body to function
normally
COMMUNICABLE VS NON-COMMUNICABLE
Diseases can be grouped into two major
categories based on their causes:
1. The kind that can be spread from one person
or object to another person
2. The kind that cannot be spread
Causes of Death Worldwide
% of Worldwide Deaths
Communicable Diseases (1)
30
Non-communicable Diseases (2)
60
Injuries
10
COMMUNICABLE VS NON-COMMUNICABLE
Key Point #2: Communicable
A disease that is infectious (can be spread from
person, object, or animal to another person).
**DO NOT BE FOOLED!**
Infectious does not mean contagious!
Infectious: Can be
spread from one
living cell to
another
Contagious:
spread from
person to person to
person etc.
Example of infectious diseases that are not contagious:
-Tetanus
HOW EXACTLY IS A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
SPREAD?
Key
1.
2.
3.
Point #3: Spread by Physical Contact:
Person – to - person
Person – to – object
Through the air
Contaminated Food and Water
Infected Animals
EXAMPLES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES









Key Point #4: Examples Common cold
Flu
All STI’s
Mono
Chicken pox
Malaria
Ringworm
Food poisoning
OUT OF CURIOSITY…ARE THESES CONTAGIOUS?
Common cold
 Flu
 All STDs/STIs
 Mono
 Chicken pox
 Malaria
 Ringworm
 Food poisoning

OKAY, SO THEN WHAT IS NON-COMMUNICABLE?
 Key
Point #5: Non- Communicable
 Any disease that is caused by genetic or
lifestyle factors. Not infectious.
So why exactly is it not communicable?

You cannot get the disease from someone else (unless you are talking
about a baby from their parents) because non-communicable diseases
are NOT caused by pathogens
HOW EXACTLY IS A NON- COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE SPREAD?

•
•
Key Point #6: Spread by –
Genetics
Lifestyle factors (lack of exercise and poor diet)
EXAMPLES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Key Point #7: Examples Sickle cell anemia
 Diabetes
 Cancer
 Asthma
 Heart problems
 Allergies

THUMBS UP OR THUMBS DOWN?
Non-communicable diseases can
be caused by bacteria
THUMBS DOWN 
THUMBS UP OR THUMBS DOWN?
If you catch a disease by touching
an
infected person, you
have a communicable
disease.
THUMBS UP!
THUMBS UP OR THUMBS DOWN?
It is impossible to be born with a
non-communicable
disease
THUMBS DOWN 
BREAK TIME
Stand up and find a member of the class who has
a different eye color than you.
 Take one minute to discuss your Fall Break and
the amazing things you did for Fall Break.

12/2 OBJECTIVE PG. 58 HOMEOSTASIS
Explain
how body systems
maintain homeostasis
BODY SYSTEMS!
MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS IN THE
HUMAN BODY!
EXAMPLES OF HOMEOSTASIS…
Good blood sugar
Reacting to a hot stove
Good body fluid level
Sweating to maintain temp.
Ability to reproduce
Urinating to maintain pH
KEY POINT #1: HOMEOSTASIS
Maintaining
a stable internal
environment
 Homeostasis
same
For example:
 Temperature regulation
 Reproduction
 Blood sugar control
 Fluid regulation
 pH
 Reactions
still
What happens when
our body looks like this?
KEY POINT #2:
The
control center:
The brain detects changes and works to
“fix” the changes

LET’S TAKE IT A STEP FURTHER…
 How
does a thermostat work?
A
sensor in the thermostat continuously
measures the air temperature. A control
mechanism then compares the current
room temperature to a set point, say 70
degrees Fahrenheit.
 When the temperature falls below 70
degrees, the thermostat sends a
message that turns on the furnace
(heat).
 When the room temperature is above
70 degrees, the furnace will turn off
may kick on the AC.
WHAT THIS LOOKS LIKE…
How does our body
get back to this?
KEY POINT #3:
 Negative
feedback loops:
communication loop between the
body and the brain.
KEY POINT #3:

Negative Feedback Loops: How they work Counteract any changes in the human body
that move conditions above or below a certain
set point.

***Negative feedback loops help keep the internal
environment stable***
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
IN THE HUMAN BODY…
 This
is the reason why you cannot hold
your breathe for a long time. As you
hold your breath, sensors in the
circulatory and respiratory system send
information to the BRAIN. The brain
detects high levels of CO2 and low
levels of O2. This is not right! The brain
signals your LUNGS and diaphragm to
relax and take in a lot of oxygen. You
continue to breathe until the O2 levels
return to normal.
HOW YOU MIGHT BE TESTED ON THIS…

Reptiles regulate their body temperature by
changing their environment. A snake for instance,
must lie in sunlight to warm its body. Mammals, on
the other hand, can regulate their internal
environment to gain or lose heat. How might this
ability give mammals an advantage over reptiles?
KEY POINT #4:
 Thermoregulation:
the process of the body
maintaining its internal temperature.
KEY POINT #5:

Endothermic: organism can regulate its own body
temperature
Mammals
 Energy expensive
 Benefits?


Exothermic: organism relies on the environment
to regulate their body temperature
Reptiles and fish
 Energy inexpensive
 Downside?

WHY THIS MATTER?
TURN AND TALK

Why do homeostasis and feedback loops
matter to us?

It matters because our body is very delicate
and needs to be kept at certain levels! Any
change can cause death.
WORK TIME

Directions: Using your notes, complete the
pathogen and disease worksheet in your Systems
Packet. Do not lose this packet and I will check
your completed worksheet tomorrow.
Time: 12 minutes
 Noise: 1 (with partner)

EXIT TICKET #13

Name: _________________ Period: ___ Date: 12/2
 1.
Write down one concept from yesterday
or today that has stuck with you.
 2. Write down one question you still have
about pathogens, diseases or homeostasis.