Public Service Health Announcement
• This message is for adults 18 years and above.
• Living in rural areas of Benin State Nigeria,
Africa.
• Cholera is real! Cholera is preventable!
Cholera Kills!!!
Objectives
Define cholera
Water supply and cholera
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
conclusion
What is Cholera?
• It is an acute bacterial infection of the small
intestine .
• It is caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerea.
• Incubation period of pathogen is 2 hours to 5
days.
• pathogen can stay in human feces for 7 to 14
days.
Vibro Cholerae
• Image of Disease causative agent
Who is affected?
• Cholera affects both children and adults.
• Malnourished children, those with HIV and
• Low immunity to infection are at higher risk
of death from the disease.
• According to World Health Organization
(WHO), an estimated three to five million
cases of the disease is reported annually with
100,000 to 120,000 deaths (WHO, 2014).
How is cholera transmitted
• Through drinking of water contaminated with
infected feces
• Eating food contaminated with infected feces.
Water supply and cholera
• Rain water that collects in lakes, rivers, reservoirs,
streams and ponds is the main source of drinking
water supply in this community.
• Everyone depend on the same water sources for
drinking, bathing, washing and disposal of fecal
waste.
• This water supply lacks adequate drainage, and
water processing methods like in America.
• This promotes the growth of pathogens, and
spread of water-borne diseases such as cholera.
Symptoms of cholera
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profuse watery diarrhea
vomiting
rapid heart rate
loss of skin elasticity
dry mucous membranes
hypotension
thirst
muscle cramps
restlessness or irritability
Diagnosis
• Laboratory test of cultured stool sample or rectal
swap.
• Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar,is
the selective agar medium of choice for isolating
and identifying Vibro cholerae O1.
• Culture takes 18 to 24 hours.
• yellow colonies of vibro bacterium with opaque
centers on the agar is a positive test for cholera.
• Rapid cholera dipstick tests is also useful in
emergency situations.
Definitive cholera test
• yellow colonies of vibro cholerae bacterium
treatment
• Oral or intravenous replacement of fluids and
electrolytes
• Zinc therapy especially for children
• Antibiotics therapy
• Oral cholera vaccine
Preventive measures
• Wash hands with soap and water after
defecating, and before eating.
• Wash fruits and vegetables before eating.
• Refrain from open defecation behaviors.
• Boil or filter surface water before drinking.
conclusion
Poor hygiene, lack of proper sanitation and
disruption in water supply, result in mixing of
drinking water with infected feces, which
increases the risk of cholera. Good hand
washing practices and adequate sanitation will
prevent the spread of cholera.
References
•
World Health Organization (2015); Prevention and control of cholera outbreaks: WHO
policy and recommendations. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/cholera/technical/prevention/control/en/
• World Health Organization (2014). Cholera. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Laboratory Methods for the
Diagnosis of Vibrio cholera. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/cholera/pdf/Laboratory-Methods-for-the-Diagnosis- of-Vibriocholerae-f
• Sasaki S., Suzuki H., Fujino Y., Kimura Y., and Cheelo M.(2009): Impact of drainage
networks on cholera outbreaks in Lusaka, Zambia. Retrieved from
http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx
• Images Retrieved from http. www.bing.com/images/search?=vibro
•
Nyambedha O., Sundaram S., Christian L., Chaignat Claire-Lise., Hutubessy R., and Weiss
G.,(2013). Distinguishing social and cultural features of cholera in urban and rural areas
of Western Kenya: Implications for public health. Retrieved from
http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?