Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa
Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa
DEE BLACKIE
Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa
Prioritised Disempowerment Areas
DISEMPOWERMENT
weight
EMPOWERMENT
1
Neglect/Non Delivery
31.98
Action/Care/Delivery
2
Violence/Anarchy
28.29
Values & Belief Set
3
Hate/Anger/Resentment
28.11
Love/Forgiveness/Empathy
4
Low Self Esteem/No responsibility
26.01
High Self Esteem/Responsibility
5
Exploitation/No trust
25.14
Partnership/Mutual trust
6
Addiction/Directionless
25.06
Leadership/Vision/Purpose
7
Ignorance/Dishonesty
24.90
Knowledge/Accountability
DEE BLACKIE
ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS
Number of children*
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In country? (% of total)
In each province? (% of total)
In each community? (% of total)
By gender (% of total)
Number of child births per year?
Number of child deaths per year?
− Prematurity?
− Abandonment?
− Illness?
− Disease?
− Neglect?
− Abuse?
− Suicide?
Average child life expectancy?
Who they are living with*
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Birth mother and father?
Birth mother only?
Birth father only?
Grandparent/s?
Extended family?
Legal guardian?
On their own?
− On the street?
− In a home (Child Headed HH)?
Wards of the state?
− Institution/home?
− Foster care?
− Correctional facility?
Permanent legal adoption?
− Local vs international?
What is their living environment*
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Urban/Rural split?
Living in poverty? (% of total)
Social security support?
Formal home vs Informal home?
− Access to electricity?
− Access to clean water?
− Access to adequate sanitation?
Access to a family environment?
Access to a safe home/place to sleep?
Access to adequate nutrition?
Access to early childhood
development?
Access to adequate education?
Access to health care services?
Access to play/recreation?
Child protection overview*
Macro child protection challenges:
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Registration & Citizenship?
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Disease?
− HIV/AIDS?
− FASD?
− Other?
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Disability?
− Premature birth?
− Physical disability?
− Mental disability?
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Orphans?
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Illegal immigrants/refugees/
unaccompanied minors?
Family related child protection
challenges:
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Informal (illegal) adoption?
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Parent drug or alcohol abuse?
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Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing,
terrorizing, corrupting, denying love
and affection?
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Bullying (tangible & cyber)?
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Isolation and internment?
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Female circumcision?
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Harmful male circumcision?
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Virginity testing? (age/consent)
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Child/Teen crisis pregnancy?
DEE BLACKIE
Criminal child protection challenges:
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Late/illegal abortion?
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Child abandonment?
− Unsafe vs safe?
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Child neglect?
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Child living/working on street?
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Physical abuse/ill-treatment?
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Murder or Attempted murder
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Corporal punishment?
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Sexual abuse?
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Child trafficking?
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Child exploitation?
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Child labour?
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Child marriage?
* Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e.g. may want to compare urban vs rural.
South African Child Protection Review
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Number of Children:
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In country: 18.6 million children (UNICEF 2012)
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Average By province: Pie graph on next page (children 0-4 years)
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In each community: info not available
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By gender: 25% female and 28% male (Children between 0-14 years- statssa.gov.za
2011)
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Number of child births per year: 1 102 300 per year (UNICEF 2012)
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Number of child deaths per year: 50 000 under the age of 5 (UNICEF 2012)
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Respiratory Infections 19% (2011 who.int)
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Diarrhoea 18% (2011 who.int)
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Anaemia 21.4% (2015 Wikipedia)
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Malnutrition 5.6 million deaths per year (2015 Wikipedia)
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Other 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com)
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child life expectancy: 52.3 years (UNICEF 2012)
DEE BLACKIE
Graph showing the number of children ages 0-4 years in each
province in South Africa- 2012 beta2.statssa.gov.za
DEE BLACKIE
South Africa Child Protection Review
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Who the children live with:
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Birth mother and father: 34.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za)
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Birth mother only: 38.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za)
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Birth father only: 3.4% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za)
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Grandparent/s: 8% (2013 .news24.com/SouthAfrica/News)
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Extended family: 16% (2013 .news24.com/SouthAfrica/News)
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Legal guardian info not available
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On the street: 10 000 ( 2014 Sad,Bad and Mad thesis, Dee Blackie)
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In a home (Child Headed HH): 150 000 ( 2012 UNICEF)
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Wards of the state? 345 registered (2012 UNICEF)
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Institution/home: 21 000 (2012 UNICEF)
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Foster care: 500 000 reported in 2008 ( UNICEF)
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Correctional facility: 240 (2013 Wikipedia)
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Permanent legal adoption? Adoptions- 5853/ 1400 in 2014 Inter-country adoptions- 845
(2010 UNICEF)
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Local vs international? 1580 international adoptions between 2004-2010 (2014
Blackie)
DEE BLACKIE
Graph showing the percentage of children 18 years and under living with their
parents in each province in South Africa- 2012 www.childrencount.ci.org.za
DEE BLACKIE
South Africa Child Protection Review
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Living Environment:
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Urban/Rural split: 45% rural and 55% urban
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Living in poverty: 56% of children live below the poverty line ( 2014 iol.co.za)
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Social security support: social grant for 9,8 million children in 2010 (UNICEF)
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Formal home vs Informal home: formal- 73.6% informal- 11.3% ( 2013 childrencount.ci.org.za)
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Access to electricity: 80% have access (2010 UNICEF)
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Access to clean water: 34% of children DO NOT have access to water (childrencount.ci.org.za
2012)
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Access to adequate sanitation: 31% of children DO NOT have access to adequate sanitation
(childrencount.ci.org.za 2012)
Family environment:
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Access to a family environment: info not available
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Access to a safe home/place to sleep: info not available
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Access to adequate nutrition: 3.3 million children are underfed (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012)
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Access to early childhood development: 84% DO NOT have access to formal ECD (2011
who.int)
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Access to adequate education: 99% had access to primary school education ( 2012 UNICEF)
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Access to health care services: 83% (2011- Wikipedia.com)
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Access to play/recreation: info not available
DEE BLACKIE
South Africa: Macro Child Protection Challenges
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Registration & Citizenship: 95% (UNICEF 2012)
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Disease:
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HIV/AIDS: 410 000 children (UNICEF 2012)
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FASD: Between 6-11% depending on the area (Newspaper article by Shelley Seid)
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Other: 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com)
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Disability: 11.2% of the child population has a disability (2012-UNICEF)
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Premature birth: 12% (2012-who.int)
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Physical disability: info not found
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Mental disability: info not found
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Orphans: 4 million children are orphans (UNICEF 2013)
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Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: 5 million illegal immigrants (2013Wikipedia)
DEE BLACKIE
Graph showing the percentage of children that are either
Double orphan, Paternal orphan or Maternal orphan in all 9
provinces- 2012 childrencount.ci.org.za
DEE BLACKIE
South Africa: Family Child Protection Challenges
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Informal (illegal) adoption: info not available
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Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 1 in every 10 parent has a drug/alcohol addiction (2013.health24.com)
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Psychological maltreatment: Info not available
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Bullying (tangible & cyber): 37% (2012-UNICEF)
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Isolation and internment : info not available
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Female circumcision: 3 million girls annually (2011- who.int)
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Harmful male circumcision: 1460 reported harmful circumcision (2012-UNICEF)
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Virginity testing? (age/consent): ages 18-20 years (2014-health24.com)
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Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: 182 000 reported annually (2013-.ibtimes.com)
DEE BLACKIE
South African Criminal Child Protection Challenges
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Late/illegal abortion : 57% of child deaths are caused by illegal abortion (2014Wikipedia)
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Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): 45% of children are abandoned (2010UNICEF)
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Child neglect: 2 million cases reported in 2000 (2012-UNICEF)
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Child living/working on street: 10 000 children (2014 Bad Sad & Mad thesis- Dee
Blackie)
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Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 14% (2010 UNICEF)
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Murder or Attempted murder: 758 attempted murder cases reported 2012 (2010UNICEF)
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Corporal punishment: 59% (2012-UNICEF)
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Sexual abuse: 25 862 reported cases in 2012 (2012-UNICEF)
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Child trafficking: 247 000 reported cases of child prostitution and suspected
trafficking (2005-mediamonitoringafrica.org)
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Child exploitation: 431 000 children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF)
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Child labour: 116 000 children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF)
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Child marriage: 5.6% of women get married before 18 (UNICEF 2012)
DEE BLACKIE
Pie graph showing the main reasons for admission of children into youth
centre- 2010 UNICEF
DEE BLACKIE
Thank you