Major Changes to the 2009 IECC
&
Above Code Programs
Introduction
Tim Guiterman, LEED AP
Energy Engineer and Consultant
Navigant Consulting
Burlington, VT
(802) 526-5114
Tim.Guiterman@navigant.com
2
Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Objective
Administration
Building Envelope
Mechanical Systems
Electrical Power & Lighting
Q&A
Above Code Programs
Objective
Highlight the major changes between 2006 and
2009 IECC that will affect your upcoming
projects in New Hampshire.
Source for Changes to 2006 IECC:
http://www.energycodes.info/Code%20Q%20and%20A_files/MAJOR%20CHANGES
%20BETWEEN%20THE%202006%20AND%202009%20IECC.pdf
Suggested Reading
• Combined 2009 IECC/ASHRAE 90.1-2007
• 2009 IECC Commentary
• 2009 IECC Study Companion
– Available combined with code
• ASHRAE 90.1 User’s Manual
• Did you get the free downloads?
Introduction to the Commercial Energy
Code Compliance Process
Must the Project
Comply with the
IECC?
Comply with the
Envelope
Requirements
Section 502
90.1 Section 5
Comply with the
Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Sections 503 and
504
90.1 Section 6
Comply with the
Power & Lighting
Requirements
Section 505
90.1 Section 9
Document
Compliance with the
IECC
Plan Review
Inspection
6
CHAPTER 1: ADMINISTRATION
Major Changes to Chapter 1
• Adds exemptions to Additions, Alterations, Renovations and
Repairs section
• Change in Occupancy section revised
• Change in Space Conditioning requires full compliance with
code
8
101.4.3 Additions, Alterations, Renovations
and Repairs
Working on an existing building?
If you touch it, bring it up to code…
Additions, alterations, renovations or repairs to an
existing building, building system or portion thereof
shall conform to the provisions of this code…
without requiring the unaltered portion(s) of the
existing building or building system to comply with
this code.
With some exceptions…
9
101.4.3 Additions, Alterations, Renovations
and Repairs
•
New Exceptions:
–
If you replace an existing door, separating conditioned
space from exterior, you do not need to add a vestibule;
however, if a vestibule is part of the door assembly that is
modified, it must remain on the building or be replaced
–
Up to 50% of the luminaires can be replaced as long as
the load is not increased in the building
–
Bulb & ballast replacements are exempt providing the
alteration does not increase the load.
10
101.4.4 Change in Occupancy
–
2006 IECC required buildings undergoing a change in
occupancy that results in increased load to comply with
the code
–
2009 IECC maintains above (“space” in lieu of “building”)
and requires installed lighting wattage to comply with
IECC if the space changes from one use to another use as
defined in Table 505.5.2
11
Scenario: An online retail company based in
Manchester is converting 5,000 SF of open office
space to warehouse space. All of the lighting will
be changed. The IECC requires:
0%
0%
0%
1. Full compliance with the code for that space
2. Compliance with only the lighting power
allowance for that space
3. The space is exempted from the code
101.4.4 Change in Occupancy
13
CHAPTER 5: COMMERCIAL ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
What are My Options for Complying
with the IECC?
• Chapter 5 of the IECC General Prescriptive Approach
• Use for ≤ 40% of gross wall area in vertical fenestration
• Use for ≤ 3% of gross roof area in skylights
• Section 506 Total Building Performance Approach
• ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007
•
–
2006 IECC allowed individual sections to comply with either
IECC or ASHRAE 90.1
–
2009 IECC requires compliance with either IECC or ASHRAE
90.1 in its entirety
Note: Code now references ASHRAE 90.1-2007
SECTION 502: BUILDING ENVELOPE
Commercial Envelope Compliance
Process
Must the Project
Comply with the
IECC?
Comply with the
Envelope
Requirements
Section 502
90.1 Section 5
Comply with the
Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Sections 503 and
504
90.1 Section 6
Comply with the
Lighting
Requirements
Section 505
90.1 Section 9
Document
Compliance with the
IECC
Plan Review
Inspection
17
Major Changes to Envelope
Requirements
• Added U-factor table to correspond to R-Value
table
• Added Group R category for insulation
• Envelope stringency increased
• Additional descriptions added for metal
building walls/roofs
• Consolidated skylight categories into one
category
18
Table 502.1.2: Envelope Requirements
Category
Roofs
Insulation Entirely
Above Deck
Metal Building
Attic and Other
Walls-Above Grade
Mass
Metal Building
Metal Framed
Wood Framed and
Other
2006 IECC
CZ 5
CZ6
R-20ci
R-19
R-30
R-7.6ci
CZ 5
2009 IECC
CZ6
No Change
No Change
R-38
R-9.5ci
R-11.4ci
R-13 + R-13 R-13 + R-13 R-13 + R-5.6ci
R-13 + RR-13 + R3.8ci
3.8ci
R-13 + R-7.5ci
R-13
R-13
R-13 + R-3.8ci
R-13.3ci
R-13 + R-5.6ci
R-13 + R-7.5ci
R-13 + R-7.5ci
19
Table 502.1.2: Envelope Requirements (Cont’d)
Category
Walls-Below Grade
Below Grade Wall
Floors
Mass
Joist/Framing
Slab-On-Grade Floors
Unheated Slabs
Heated Slabs
Opaque Doors
Swinging
Roll-up or Sliding
2006 IECC
2009 IECC
CZ 5
CZ6
CZ 5
CZ6
NR
NR
R-7.5ci
R-7.5ci
R-10ci
R-19
R-10ci
R-30
R-10ci
R-30
R-12.5ci
R-30
NR
R-10 for 24 in.
below
NR
NR
R-7.5 for 24 R-10 for 36 in.
R-15 for
in. below
below
24 in. below
U-0.70
U-1.45
U-0.70
U-0.50
U-0.70
U-0.50
R-15 for
24 in. below
U-0.70
U-0.50
20
In CZ 5 and below, more insulation is required
for metal-framed walls than for wood-framed
walls. Why?
0%
0%
0%
1. Heat transfer is greater in metal than in
wood
2. Metal-framed walls are spaced closer so
there is more thermal-bridging
3. Heavy lobbying by the wood industry to
drive up costs for metal-framing
Below-grade walls are defined as
exterior walls that are…
0%
1. At least 50 percent below grade
0%
2. At least 85 percent below grade
0%
3. The below grade portion of a basement
0%
4. Any exterior wall not classified as above
grade
Slab-on-Grade Floors (502.2.6)
• Unheated slab – insulation required in NH
 CZ 5: Only required for Group R
 CZ 6: R-10 for 24 inches below
• Heated slabs – insulation required
 CZ 5 & 6: R-15 for 24 inches below
• What are you seeing in practice?
23
Roof R-Value – Insulation Placed on Suspended
Ceiling with Removable Ceiling Tiles
• Will not count for code compliance
• Will not comply with Section 502.4.3 – “Sealing of the
building envelope”
Dropped Ceiling
24
Roof R-Value – Metal Buildings
Insulation
Parallel to Purlin
Thermal Blocks
Insulation
Draped Over
Purlin
Picture from NAIMA
• R-5 thermal blocks required on all
metal buildings or must use Ufactor Compliance Method
• Require two layers of insulation
 CZ 5: R-13+R-13
 CZ 6: R-13+R-19
• Example (R-13+R-19):
– R-13 draped perpendicularly to the
purlins
– R-19 running parallel to the purlins
supported by the R-13
25
Vertical Fenestration Requirement
(502.3.1) - Prescriptive
Percentage of Vertical Fenestration Area to Gross Wall Area
•
Allows up to 40% maximum
of above grade wall
•
Question: What are typical
fenestration percentages
you see?
26
A commercial building in North Conway, NH will have a
gross wall area of 15,000 ft2. The building will have a
vertical fenestration area of 7,500 ft2. What building
envelope compliance options are available for this project?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. ASHRAE 90.1-2007 only
2. IECC Section 506 (Total Building Performance) only
3. IECC Section 502 (Building Envelope Requirements)
and Section 506 (Total Building Performance)
4. 1 and 2 only
Vertical Fenestration Requirement
(502.3.1)
• Based on above-grade wall area
(gross)
– Includes walls between conditioned
space and unconditioned space or
the outdoors
• Includes walls that are > 15%
above grade
• Total fenestration area (includes
frame and glazing)
– Does not include opaque door area
28
Glazed Fenestration SHGC (502.3.2)
What is Solar Heat Gain Coefficient?
“The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space
through the fenestration assembly to the incident
solar radiation.”
29
Fenestration SHGC Requirements
The Effect of Overhangs on Fenestration SHGC
•
•
Overhangs allow a higher
SHGC product to be
installed
Projection factor must be
calculated
30
Skylight U-Factor / SHGC
• 2006 IECC classified glass and plastic skylights
• 2009 IECC condensed into one category
– Limited to ≤ 3% of Roof Area
– U-factor and SHGC Based
– NFRC 100 Rating for U-factor or Default Table
Category
2006 IECC
CZ 5
CZ6
2009 IECC
CZ 5
CZ6
0.60
0.60
0.40
0.40
Skylights
U-factor
SHGC
Glass: 0.60
Plastic: 1.30
Glass: 0.40
Plastic: 0.62
Glass: 0.90
Plastic: 1.30
Glass: 0.40
Plastic: 0.62
31
Mandatory Requirements – Sealing of
the Building Envelope (502.4.3)
• All penetrations, openings, joints and
seams in the building envelope must
be sealed. Materials that can be used
include:
 Caulking
 Gasketing
 Tapes
 Moisture vapor-permeable
wrapping material
• Sealing materials spanning joints
between dissimilar materials must
allow for expansion and contraction
32
SECTION 503:
BUILDING MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Mechanical Systems
Compliance Process
Must the Project
Comply with the
IECC?
Comply with the
Envelope
Requirements
Section 502
90.1 Section 5
Comply with the
Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Sections 503 and
504
90.1 Section 6
Comply with the
Lighting
Requirements
Section 505
90.1 Section 9
Document
Compliance with the
IECC
Plan Review
Inspection
34
Major Changes to Mechanical Requirements
• Revises equipment efficiency tables for water-chilling
packages
• Requires snow melt control
• Requires demand control ventilation (DCV) for certain spaces
• Removes exception for energy recovery ventilation for lab
fume hood systems ≤ 15,000 cfm
• Lowers the system capacity for economizer requirement for
NH climate zones 5A and 6A
• Introduces fan power limitations
• Reorganizes hydronic water loop heat pump section
• Introduces supply air temperature reset controls for multiplezone systems
35
Section 503 Building Mechanical
Systems
Simplified to Include Only
Four Sections:
•
•
•
•
What Provisions of the
Code Apply (503.1)
Mandatory Provisions
(503.2)
Simple HVAC Systems and
Equipment (503.3)
Complex HVAC Systems and
Equipment (503.4)
36
Simple Versus Complex Systems
Section 503.3
Simple Systems
Section 503.4
Complex
Systems
Buildings served by unitary or
packaged HVAC each serving 1
zone controlled by 1 thermostat.
Two-pipe heating systems serving
multiple zones are included if no
cooling system is installed [Tables
503.2.3(1) through 503.2.3(5)]
All buildings served by
HVAC systems not
covered under 503.3
A non-packaged HVAC system that is designed to
serve multiple building zones would be referred to
as a ______.
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Simple system
Complex system
Variable air volume system
Unitary or packaged system
Simple Versus Complex Systems
Equipment and System Sizing (503.2.2)
Output capacity SHALL NOT
exceed sizing –
• Select the system which
serves the greater load,
heating or cooling
– Exceptions
• Standby Equipment with
Required Controls
• Multiple Units with
Combined Capacities
Exceeding Loads
– Sequencing Controls
Required
40
Multiple boilers-allowed to exceed loadif sequenced
41
Table 503.2.3(2)
42
According to Chapter 5, simple HVAC systems and
equipment that meet the minimum equipment
requirements listed in Tables 503.2.3 (1-11) shall be
verified…
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. By an approved certification program, or if none exists,
with manufacturer’s data
2. By the building official
3. Through testing procedures found in the ASHRAE
Handbook of Fundamentals
4. By an onsite contractor at the time of equipment
inspection
The automatic controls for a snow-melt system shall be
capable of shutting off the system when the pavement
temperature is above _____ and no precipitation is falling.
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
35°F
45°F
40°F
50°F
Demand Controlled Ventilation (503.2.5.1)
• 2006 IECC had no DCV requirement
• 2009 IECC: DCV must be provided for each zone with
spaces > 500 ft² and the average occupant load > 40
people/1000 ft² of floor area where the HVAC system has:
 An air-side economizer
 Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air
damper, or
 A design outdoor airflow > 3,000 cfm
Demand control ventilation (DCV): a ventilation system capability that
provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake below design
rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less
than design occupancy.
45
Demand Controlled Ventilation
(503.2.5.1) - Exceptions
• Systems with energy recovery per 503.2.6
• Multiple zone systems without direct digital control of
single zones communicating with central control panel
• Systems with design outdoor airflow < 1,200 cfm
• Spaces where supply airflow rate minus any makeup or
outgoing transfer air requirement < 1,200 cfm
46
Demand Controlled Ventilation
(503.2.5.1)
The wall and duct-mounted carbon dioxide (CO2)
sensors are designed especially for demandcontrolled ventilation zone applications.
47
Demand Controlled Ventilation
(503.2.5.1)
48
Demand Controlled Ventilation
(503.2.5.1)
49
Energy Recovery Ventilation (503.2.6)
• 2006 IECC: Exception for lab fume hood systems ≤ 15,000 cfm
• 2009 IECC: Removed only this exception, maintained all others
50
Economizers (503.3.1)
• 2006 IECC: CZ 5A and 6A - Economizers required on all
systems ≥ 135,000 Btu/h
• 2009 IECC: Revised to 54,000 Btu/h
Table 503.3.1(1)
CLIMATE ZONES
ECONOMIZER
REQUIREMENT
1A, 1B, 2A, 7, 8
No requirement
2B, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4A, 4B,
4C, 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B
Economizers on cooling
systems
≥ 54,000 Btu/ha
a
The total capacity of all systems without economizers shall not exceed
480,000 Btu/h per building, or 20 percent of its air economizer capacity,
whichever is greater
*Note: CZs 2B, 3B and 4B can trade off economizer requirement with
improved equipment efficiency (10-20%)
A cooling system rated at 135,000 Btu/h capacity is proposed
for an office building in Portland (CZ 5A). The proposed EER
for the system will be 11.0. Is an economizer required for this
system?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Yes, the system is greater than 90,000 Btu/h
2. No, the system meets the 10.9 EER requirement
for tading-off
3. Yes, economizers cannot be traded off in CZ 5
4. No, there is no economizer requirement in CZ5.
Supply and return ducts and plenums are
required to be insulated to…
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
R-8 in all locations
R-5 in all locations
R-5 in unconditioned spaces; R-8 exterior
R-8 in unconditioned spaces; R-5 exterior
None of the above
Air System Design and Control (503.2.10)
• 2006 IECC: No Requirement
• 2009 IECC: HVAC systems with total fan system power
> 5 hp to meet 503.2.10.1 and 503.2.10.2
– Allowable Fan Floor Horsepower
– Motor Nameplate Horsepower
54
Allowable Fan Floor Horsepower
• Each HVAC system at fan design conditions to not exceed
allowable fan system motor nameplate hp (Option 1) or fan
system bhp (Options 2) in Table 503.2.10.1(1)
• Exceptions
– Hospital and laboratory systems using flow control devices
on exhaust and/or return for health and safety or
environmental control permitted to use variable fan power
limitation
– Individual exhaust fans ≤ 1 hp
– Fans exhausting air from fume hoods
55
Motor Nameplate Horsepower
• Selected fan motor to be no larger than first available motor
size greater than bhp
• Fan bhp on design documents
• Exceptions
– Fans < 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than bhp
has nameplate rating within 50% of bhp, next larger
nameplate motor size may be selected
– Fans ≥ 6 bhp, where first available motor larger than bhp
has nameplate rating within 30% of bhp, next larger
nameplate motor size may be selected
56
bhp = brake horsepower
Hydronic Water Loop Heat Pump
Systems (503.4.3.3)
• All of 503.4.3.3 changed from the 2006 IECC.
• Question: Are these systems commonplace in NH new
construction? What are impacts of new requirements?
• Temperature dead band of at least 20ºF (503.4.3.3.1)
 Exception: where system loop temp optimization controller is installed
and can determine the most efficient operating temp based on real time
conditions of demand and capacity
57
Hydronic Water Loop Heat Pump
Systems (503.4.3.3) – cont’d
• Heat rejection equipment
 Open- or closed-circuit cooling tower used
• Must have a separate heat exchanger to isolate cooling
tower from heat pump loop
• Heat loss controlled by shutting down circulation pump
on cooling tower loop and providing an automatic valve
to stop flow of fluid
• Two position valve (503.4.3.3.3)
 Required on each hydronic heat pump with total pump
system power > 10 hp
58
Supply-Air Temperature Reset Controls
(503.4.5.4)
• 2006 IECC: No requirement
• 2009 IECC: Multiple zone HVAC systems to have controls to
automatically reset supply-air temperature in response to
building loads or outdoor air temperature
• Controls to be capable of resetting supply air temperature at
least 25% of difference between design supply-air
temperature and design room air temperature
• Exceptions
 Systems that prevent reheating, recooling or mixing of heated and
cooled supply air
 75% of energy for reheating is from site-recovered or site solar energy
sources
 Zones with peak supply air quantities of ≤ 300 cfm
59
SECTION 505:
ELECTRICAL POWER AND LIGHTING
SYSTEMS
The IECC Code Compliance Process
Must the Project
Comply with the
IECC?
Comply with the
Envelope
Requirements
Section 502
90.1 Section 5
Comply with the
Mechanical/SWH
Requirements
Sections 503 and
504
90.1 Section 6
Document
Compliance with
the IECC
Comply with the
Power & Lighting
Requirements
IECC
Section 505
90.1-2007
Section 9
IECC
Section 506
Building Performance
Method
Plan Review
Inspection
61
Major Changes to Electrical/Lighting Systems
Requirements
• Adds high-efficacy lighting requirement for dwelling units
• Requires separate controls for daylight zones
• Allows for use of photocell in tandem with other controls on
certain exterior lighting applications
• Adds exempted lighting applications that can be excluded
from total connected interior lighting power calculations
• Revises additional lighting power allowance calculations for
retail areas
• Creates four exterior lighting zones based on lighting need
62
When do the Lighting and Power
Requirements Apply?
• Original installed lighting system in a new building, addition,
or tenant build-out
• Existing lighting system that is altered
• Change in occupancy that increases energy
Exceptions:
• Historic buildings
 State or National listing
 Eligible to be listed
• Alterations where less than 50% of the luminaires are
replaced and power is not increased
• Lighting within dwelling units
 Where ≥ 50% of permanently installed fixtures are high-efficacy lamps
63
High-Efficacy Lamps
• Defined in the 2009 IECC as:
– Compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear
fluorescent lamps, or lamps with a minimum efficacy based on
lamp wattage
Lamp Wattage
Efficacy
> 40 watts
60 lumens/watt
15-40 watts
50 lumens/watt
< 15 watts
40 lumens/watt
64
What’s Covered Under Electrical Power and
Lighting Systems Requirements?
• Mandatory Interior
Lighting Requirements
 Required Controls
 Wattage/Efficiency Limits
• Interior Lighting Power
Allowances (watts/ft2)
• Exterior Lighting Controls
 Required Controls
 Lamp Efficiency
• Exterior Lighting Power
Allowances (watts/ft2)
• Electric Metering
65
Interior Lighting Control (505.2):
Basic Control
Independent Lighting Control required for each
space surrounded by floor-to-ceiling partitions
 Must be located in the space served,
- or  Switched from a remote location
• Must have indicator that identifies the lights served
and their status (off or on)
 Exemptions
• Security or emergency areas that must be continuously
lighted
• Lighting in stairways or corridors that are elements of
the means of egress
Intent: Allow occupants to
control unneeded lighting!
66
Interior Lighting Control:
Light Reduction
Light Reduction Controls must
allow the occupant to reduce
connected lighting
 By at least 50%
 In a reasonably uniform
illumination pattern
Note: Alternate Standard
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 does not
require Light Reduction Control
Intent: Allow occupants to
moderate light levels to save
energy!
67
Light Reduction Control Options
 Controlling all lamps or luminaires
 Dual switching of alternate rows of luminaires,
alternate luminaires or lamps
 Switching middle lamp luminaires independently from
the outer lamps
 Each luminaire or each lamp
Dimming
Alternating lamps
Alternating
Luminaires
D
SS
Dimmer Switch
SS
68
Interior Lighting Control:
Light Reduction Exemptions
Light Reduction Control Not
required for the following:
• Areas with only one
luminaire
• Areas controlled by
occupancy sensor
• Corridors, storerooms,
restrooms or public
lobbies
• Sleeping units
• Spaces with <0.6 w/ft2
69
Which of the following spaces must install
light reduction controls?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hotel sleeping unit
Public lobby in an office building
Office space with two luminaires
Restroom
Interior Lighting Control:
Automatic Shutoff
Automatic lighting shutoff control device required in all
buildings larger than 5,000 ft2
Building Defined:
• “Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any
use or occupancy”
• Building area surrounded by exterior walls and fire walls
Intent: Eliminate after
Exempted spaces
hours lighting waste!
• Sleeping units
• Lighting for patient care
• When an automatic shutoff would endanger occupant safety or
security
71
Interior Lighting Control:
Automatic Shutoff Options
Automatic Lighting Shutoff Compliance Options
1. Control lights on a scheduled basis
(automatic time switch)
•
Time-of-day controller
•
Controls ≤ 25,000 ft2 and not more
than one floor, or
Automatic Lighting Control
Occupancy Sensor
Open Bay Office
Connect to
Lighting in Lobby
2. Occupant sensor
•
Turn lights off within 30 minutes of
occupant leaving the space
3. Signal from another control or alarm
that indicates the area is unoccupied
Lobby
Office
50’
Conference
Room
Connect to
Lighting in Open
Bay Office
Restrooms
110’
Courtesy Britt-Makela Group
72
Interior Lighting Control:
Automatic Shutoff Override
•
•
•
•
•
•
Readily accessible
Within view of the lights or area controlled
Manually operated
≤ 2 hour override
Controls an area ≤ 5,000 ft2
Exemptions
 Can be over 2 hour override in malls and arcades, auditoriums, singletenant retail space, industrial facilities and arenas when using captive
key override
 Override in malls and arcades, auditoriums, single-tenant retail space,
industrial facilities and arenas can cover up to 20,000 ft2
73
Automatic lighting shutoff is not required in
buildings that are a maximum of ______ square
feet.
0%
0%
0%
0%
1.
2.
3.
4.
10,000
7,500
5,000
2,500
Daylight Zone Definition –
Under Skylights
•
The area under skylights whose horizontal dimension, in
each direction, is equal to the skylight dimension plus the
smaller of:
• The floor-to-ceiling height, or
• The distance to a ceiling height opaque partition, or
• One-half the distance to adjacent skylights or windows
75
75
Daylight Zone Definition –
Adjacent to Vertical Fenestration
The daylight zone depth is assumed to be 15 feet
into the space or to the nearest ceiling height
opaque partition, whichever is less
The daylight zone width is assumed to be:
• the width of the window plus 2 feet on each side, or
• the window width plus distance to opaque partitions,
or
• the window width plus one-half the distance to
adjacent skylight or vertical fenestration, whichever is
least.
7676
Daylight Zone Control
• Daylight zones
– Must have individual control of the lights
independent of general area lighting
77
Interior Lighting Power Limits (505.5)
Connected Interior Lighting
Power must not exceed
Interior Lighting Power
Allowance
1. Calculate Interior Lighting Power
Allowance
•
•
Building Area type allowance
Additional allowances
2. Calculate proposed connected
lighting power
•
•
Wattage calculation “rules”
Exempted lighting
3. Compare values: proposed
wattage must be less than or
equal to allowed wattage
Intent: Eliminate waste from
sloppy lighting design and
application!
78
Interior Lighting Power Allowances
Table 505.5.2
• Building Area Type
Note: Alternate Standard
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007
provides whole building and
space-by-space options
79
Interior Lighting Power Allowance Calculation
• First, choose an appropriate “Building Area Type” from the
allowance table (505.5.2).
– “Building Area” includes all spaces that are associated with that
business or function type. For example a space with:
• Corridors,
• Restrooms,
• A lobby, and
• Office space
…would be considered an Office Building Area Type
• Then...multiply the lighting power density (W/ft2) by
the building square footage to get allowed watts for
compliance
80
Office - Example
Table 505.5.2
A 200,000 ft2 office building
that contains corridor,
restrooms, break rooms and a
lobby is given 1.0 W/ft2 for
the entire building
Office:
200,000 ft2
1.0 W/ft2 = 200,000 W
81
Interior Lighting Power Allowance for Multiple
Occupancy Building
How is an allowance determined if the building has more than
one Building Area Type?
Example – A building contains the following area types
• Museum:
40,000 ft2
• Retail:
5,000 ft2
• Cafeteria:
10,000 ft2
• Use the more specific building area type where more than
one area type exists in the building
• Sum the individual (lighting power density X area square
footage) values for Total Power Allowance
82
Multiple Occupancy Building - Example
Table 505.5.2
Museum: 40,000 ft2
at 1.1 W/ft2 = 44,000 W
Cafeteria:10,000 ft2
at 1.4 W/ft2 = 14,000 W
Retail:
5,000 ft2
at 1.5 W/ft2 = 7,500 W
Total watts allowed = 65,500 W
83
Additional Retail Lighting Power Allowance
(Table 505.5.2 – Footnotes)
Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance = 1000 watts +
(Retail Area 1 x 0.6 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 2 x 0.6 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 3 x 1.4 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 4 x 2.5 W/ft2),
Where:
•
Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products not listed in Retail Area 2, 3 or
4.
•
Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods
and small electronics.
•
Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing,
cosmetics and artwork.
•
Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china.
Exception: Other merchandise categories may be included in Retail Areas 2
through 4 above, provided that justification documenting the need for
additional lighting power based on visual inspection, contrast, or other
critical display is approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
Intent: Allow
flexibility in
design for critical
retail
applications!
84
Proposed Lighting Power Calculation
• Sum the wattage of all proposed
connected lighting power
• This must include all lighting
that is part of the design for the
space including:
– Overhead lighting
– Task lighting
– Decorative lighting
Note: Wattage must be calculated based on actual
power draw…not just nominal lamp rating
85
When documenting the total connected lighting
power for a proposed building, what wattage
should be used for a screw lamp holder?
0%
0%
0%
0%
1. Wattage of the light bulb proposed for the
fixture
2. Maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire
3. 300 watts per fixture
4. 100 watts per fixture
Exemptions to Proposed Lighting Power
Calculation
•
Connected power for following not included in calculations:
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
Lighting equipment used for the following exempt if in addition to general lighting and controlled by an
independent control device
–
–
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Professional sports arena playing field
Sleeping unit lighting
Emergency lighting automatically off during normal building operation
Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by occupants with special lighting needs including visual
impairment and other medical and age related issues
Lighting in interior spaces specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark
Casino gaming areas
Task lighting for medical and dental procedures
Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums and monuments
Theatrical, stage, film, and video production
Used for photographic processes
Integral to equipment or instrumentation installed by manufacturer
Plant growth or maintenance
Advertising or directional signage
Food warming and food prep equipment (in restaurant buildings and areas)
Lighting equipment that is for sale
Lighting demonstration equipment in lighting education facilities
Approved because of safety or emergency considerations, exclusive of exit lights
Integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases
In retail display windows when the display is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions
Furniture-mounted supplemental task lighting controlled by automatic shutoff
87
What if My Proposed Design Does Not Meet
Code?
• Check calculations
– Appropriate area type allowances used?
– Actual lighting equipment wattages used?
…and design
– Reasonable illuminance levels provided?
– Efficient light sources used?
• Use alternate Standard 90.1-2007*
• Use total Building Performance Method
*Section 501.2 Application requires 90.1 to be used in its
entirety (Envelope, Lighting, Mechanical) if used as an
alternate compliance path
88
Exterior Lighting Control Requirements
(505.2.4)
• For dusk-to-dawn lighting: astronomical time switch or
photosensor
• For all other: astronomical time switch OR
photosensor + time switch
• All time switches must have 10 hour battery
backup
89
Exterior Efficiency Requirement (505.6.1)
Building grounds lighting luminaires over 100 watts must have
source efficacy of at least 60 lumens per watt
Exceptions:
• Controlled by motion sensor
• Any of the exterior lighting power allowance exceptions
• As approved for a historical, safety, signage, or emergency consideration
90
Exterior Lighting Power Limits (505.6.2)
Connected Exterior Lighting Power must not exceed Exterior
Lighting Power Allowance
– Calculate exterior Lighting Power Allowance
• Lighting power densities by exterior function and by
applicable lighting zone
– Calculate proposed connected lighting power
• Wattage calculation “rules”
• Exempted lighting
– Compare values: proposed wattage must be less than or
equal to allowed wattage
91
Exterior Lighting Power Limits (505.6.2)
What areas are covered under
exterior lighting allowances?
– Tradable surfaces
Common exterior lighted needs that
can be traded for other needs.
For example, wattage allowed for
parking lot lighting can be “traded”
and used for canopy lighting.
– Nontradable surfaces
Less common exterior lighted needs
that cannot be traded for other
needs.
These applications have more
specific security or task illuminance
needs.
92
Tradable Surfaces
• Uncovered parking lots and
areas
• Walkways (under and over 10
feet wide)
• Stairways
• Pedestrian tunnels
• Main building entrances
• Other doors
• Entry canopies
• Free-standing and attached
sales canopies
• Open sales areas
• Street frontage sales areas
93
Nontradable Surfaces
• Building facades
• Automated teller machines and night depositories
• Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded
facilities
• Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other
emergency vehicles
• Drive-up windows/doors
• Parking near 24-hour retail entrances
94
Exterior Lighting Zones [Table 505.6.2(1)]
Lighting Zone
Description
1
Developed areas of national parks, state parks,
forest land, and rural areas
2
Areas predominantly consisting of residential
zoning, neighborhood business districts, light
industrial with limited nighttime use and residential
mixed use areas
3
All other areas
4
High-activity commercial districts in major
metropolitan areas as designated by the local land
use planning authority
95
Exterior Lighting Zones
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
500 W
600 W
750 W
1300 W
0.06 W/ft2
0.10 W/ft2
0.13 W/ft2
0.7 W/linear
foot
0.7 W/linear
foot
0.8 W/linear
foot
1.0 W/linear
foot
Special Feature
Areas
0.14 W/ft2
0.14 W/ft2
0.16 W/ft2
0.2 W/ft2
Stairways
0.75 W/ft2
1.0 W/ft2
1.0 W/ft2
1.0 W/ft2
Pedestrian
Tunnels
0.15 W/ft2
0.15 W/ft2
0.2 W/ft2
0.3 W/ft2
Base Site
Allowance
Tradable Surfaces
Uncovered Parking Areas
Parking areas and
drives
0.04 W/ft
2
Building Grounds
Walkways less
than 10 feet wide
Walkways 10 feet
wide or greater
Plaza areas
96
Questions/Discussion
97
ABOVE CODE PROGRAMS
Above Code Programs
• The field is advancing…quickly
99
Above Code Programs
Stretch
Codes
Green
Building
Rating
Systems
Green
Building
Codes
Net
Zero/Living
Buildings
Baseline: ASHRAE 90.1-2007 or 2009 IECC (New Hampshire Amendments)
100
Above Code Programs
Why go beyond code?
• Owner-driven
– Save energy
– Marketing
– Internal goals
• Jurisdictional requirement
• Designer-driven
What percent of projects that you
work on exceed the energy code
(best guess)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Less than 25%
25% - 50%
50%-75%
75% +
Don’t Know!
0%
1
2
3
4
5
New Buildings Institute (NBI)
Core Performance Program
•
Buildings < 70,000 ft2
•
20% - 30% Savings over ASHRAE 90.1-2004
•
Codified in Massachusetts “Stretch Code”
•
Prescriptive path for LEED Energy & Atmosphere points
(Eac1)
o
No energy modeling required
103
NBI Core Performance Program
•
Design Process Strategies
–
•
Core Performance Requirements
–
•
Delivers consistent savings across building types, climates
Enhanced Performance Strategies
–
•
Integrated Design
Optional measures  certain systems or building types
Energy Modeling
–
Optional to pursue aggressive energy savings or show
alternative compliance to prescriptive path
104
Green Building Rating Systems
USGBC LEED / CHPS / Green Globes
•
•
•
•
Third party certification programs
Baseline energy code: ASHRAE 90.1-2007
Energy savings only one focus area
–
–
–
–
–
Sustainable Sites
Water Efficiency
Materials & Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation & Design
Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS):
–
K-12 schools; Northeast-specific
105
Have you worked on a project that
received a green building certification?
1. Yes
2. No
3. Maybe
0%
1
2
3
Are you currently working on a project
that is aiming to receive certification?
1. Yes
2. No
3. Maybe
0%
1
2
3
Which rating system (s) have your
projects utilized?
1. USGBC LEED (NC,
EB, CI, etc)
2. NE-CHPS
3. Green Globes
4. All of the above
5. At least two of the
above
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Are you a LEED-Accredited
Professional (AP) or LEED “Green
Associate”?
1. Yes
2. No
0%
1
2
Green Building Rating Systems
Minimum Energy Performance:
ASHRAE 90.1-2007
Northeast (NE)-CHPS
25%
USGBC LEED v3
10%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
110
Green Building Rating Systems
Source: USGBC
111
ASHRAE Standard 189.1
• ANSI standard being developed in model code language
• Provides minimum requirements for high-performance,
green buildings
• Applies to all buildings except low-rise residential
buildings (same as ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1)
• Optional Compliance Path to the International Green
Construction Code (IgCC)
• Not a design guide, not a rating system
Source: Introduction to Standard 189.1 www.ashrae.org/publications/page/927
112
ASHRAE Standard 189.1
Topic Areas
SS
Sustainable Sites
WE
Water Use Efficiency
EE
Energy Efficiency
IEQ
Indoor Environmental Quality
MR
Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources
CO
Construction and Operations Plans
Source: Introduction to Standard 189.1 www.ashrae.org/publications/page/927
International Green Construction Code
•
High performance, green building code
•
Consistent with I-Codes
•
Allows ASHRAE 189.1 to be a compliance option
•
Energy performance: 30%+ 2006 IECC
•
Expected full release in early 2012
Source: Introduction to Standard 189.1 www.ashrae.org/publications/page/927
114
Living Building Challenge
• No credits, just prerequisites
• Requires Net Zero Energy
115
Above Code Resources
DOE Stretch Code Programs:
www.energycodes.gov/why_codes/stretch_beyond.stm
NBI: http://newbuildings.org
DOE Net Zero Energy Commercial Building Initiative:
www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial_initiative/
USGBC LEED: www.usgbc.org
NE-CHPS: http://neep.org/public-policy/hpse/hpse-nechps
Green Globes: www.greenglobes.com
ASHRAE 189.1: http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/927
IGCC: http://www.iccsafe.org/cs/IGCC/Pages/default.aspx
116
Questions/Discussion
117