Animal
Biotechnology
Animal Biotech
• Animals provide a number of
products we use in every day
life.
• Milk
• Leather
• Wool
Animal Biotech
• Eggs
•Meat
Roles of Animals in
Biotech
• Animals are involved in lab
experiments.
• Without the use of animals
humans might be in danger.
Animal Models
• 4 models apply for the use of
animals.
• Living animals
• Living animal tissues or
systems
• Non-Living systems
Animal Models
• Computer and
Mathematical approaches
Living Animals
• These animals are living and
usually have no threat to their
well being.
• Such animals may be known as
laboratory or scientific animals.
Living Animals
• Agricultural Research often
uses experimental groups of
animals.
Living animal tissues
or systems
• Animal tissues can be cultured
in a lab.
• This saves the use of animals as
well as the expense of feeding,
housing, and cleaning up after
the animals.
Non-Living Systems
• Involves using non living
mechanical models that
reflect animal activity.
• These often relate to skeletal
movement and locomotion
Non-Living Systems
• Artificial replacement parts,
such as hip joints can be
studied using non living
systems.
Computer and
mathematical
approaches
• Computer simulations with
virtual reality and other uses
help in biotechnology.
• Computer modeling may be
done with a propose
biotechnology practice before it
is tested with animals.
Laboratory animals
• A laboratory animal is an
animal used for laboratory or
research purpose.
• Good tending is needed to
assume that the research is
properly carried out.
Laboratory animals
• Without research involving
animals, scientists would not
have a base.
Animal Species
• Most animals are subjects of
study at one time or another.
• Most common species used
in research laboratories are
mice, rats, and hamsters.
Animal Species
• A primate is an animal with
thumb and forefinger
opposition.
• A non human primate is similar
to humans but is not a human.
Animal Reproduction
• Reproduction is a process by
which offspring are
produced.
• Sexual Reproduction is the
union of a sperm and egg to
ultimately produce a new
individual.
Animal Reproduction
• The union of the sperm and
egg is called fertilization.
• Semen- the fluid produced by
the male reproductive organs,
contains sperm.
Animal Reproduction
• Copulation- is the sexual
uniting of animals so the
male can ejaculate semen
near the eggs in the
reproductive tract of the
female.
Reproductive
Development
• Puberty-is the time at which
an animal is capable of
reproduction.
• Fertilization- union of the
sperm and egg results in the
formation of a zygote
Reproductive
Development
• Gestation- is the period of
pregnancy in animals.
• Parturition- is the birthing
process.
• Lactation- is the secretion of
milk by the mammary
glands.
Reproductive
Development
• Dry time is a time when
mammals are not
lactating.
The Estrous Cycle
• Estrous is a time when a
female is fertile and receptive
to a male.
• The estrous cycle is the time
between the estrous.
The Estrous Cycle
• The three periods in the
estrous cycle that follow
estrous are metestrus,
diestrus, and proestrus.
Artificial
Insemination
• Artificial insemination is the
transfer if collected semen to a
recipient female. It is used with
sheep, beef cattle, turkeys, and
swine.
• Generally female estrous cycles
are regulated with hormone
Artificial
Insemination
• Sperm are collected from
males by artificially
promoting ejaculation.
Gender Preselection
• Gender preselection is
choosing the gender of a
potential offspring.
• Gender preselection may be
done by sorting sperm.
Gender Preselection
• The DNA content of sperm
varies slightly based on the
gender of the offspring that
would result from
conception.
Embryo Transfer
• Embryo transfer is the
harvesting of fertilized ova
from a donor and implanting
them into a recipient.
• The harvested embyros are
transferred to a recipient.
Embryo Transfer
• Non surgical transfer
involves flushing the
embryos from the uterine
horn.
Bovine Somatotropin
• Bovine somatotropin is a
natural occurring growth
hormone produced in the
pituitary gland in the endocrine
system.
• By treating dairy cattle with the
hormone, milk production is
Bovine Somatotropin
• Some small dairy producers
do not use BST and
incorporate that fact in their
advertising.
Transgenic Animals
and Products
• Pigs- have been used to
manufacture human
hemoglobin.
• A xenograft is the practice of
grafting an organ or a tissue
from one species into
another.
Transgenic Animals
and Products
• Mice- transgenetic mice have
been used in several ways.
• One of the best known is to
produce human antibodies.
• Cattle- are used to control
disease such as mastitis in
dairy cows.
Methods of creating
transgenetic animals
• Step One- collect embryos
• With proper stimulation far
more embryos can be
obtained than would be the
natural result of the
reproductive process.
Methods of creating
transgenetic animals
• Step Two- Inject embyros.
• A pro nucleus is the haploid
nucleus of the sperm or
ovum that have united in
fertilization to form a zygote.
Methods of creating
transgenetic animals
• Step Three- Zygote
Culture
• The zygotes are placed in
the oviduct of a recipient
female.