TI1400 http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_0.ppt
Course website: http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_results.htm
Alexandru Iosup (lecturer)
Parallel and Distributed Systems

CPU Type Intel Core i5 2430M
CPU Speed 2.4 GHz
M/board chipset Intel Mobile QM67
Memory 4GB DDR3 (SODIMM)
Video card NVIDIA Quadro NVS 4200M
Max. Res.
1600x900 (WXGA++)
HDD 500GB at 5.400RPM
Interface USB/FW eSATA, 2x USB 2.0
Network wired Ethernet 1Gbps
… …
Source: http://tweakers.net/pricewatch/294153/lenovo-thinkpad-t420-(nw1b8mh)-+-3-jaar-garantie.html#tab:info

M/board floorplan. Source: Intel Corp., and Linda Null and Julia Lobur.

IA-32 floorplan. Source: Intel Corp.

“gain fundamental knowledge about the organization and architecture of computer systems”
• Organization = all physical aspects of the computer
• Circuits, memory types, signals, making things tick
• Architecture = all logical aspects
• Let programmers interact with the working system
• Instruction sets, opcodes, data structures, addressing, memory access, I/O mechanisms, etc.

• Programming hot functions
• Programming optimized functions
• Linear algebra (BLAS)
• Video, sound, and security codecs
• Vertex and pixel shaders on GPUs
• Building low-power devices (embed: $1Tn/2011)
• Real-time platforms
• Games, Simulations, Navigation systems, Medical equipment
• Matching algorithm and platform: improve performance up to a factor of 100
(Michael Abrash: Doom, Quake, …)

System Tuning
Home entertainment system
• Video, Sound, Games
• Pluggables: joystick, dance mat, …
• Today we use Wiis and XBox360s
Ultra-low-cost platform
• CPU : MOS 6502 at 1MHz low cost, low mem
• GFX, sound: 4 KB ROM (max 8K)
• State, score: 128 bytes RAM
(Apple II had 4 kilo -bytes)
• RAM/Input/Output/Timer controller
“Any mistake in timing produced visual artifacts, a problem programmers called racing the beam.”

Program Optimization
“One EC2 Compute Unit (ECU) provides the equivalent
CPU capacity of a 1.0-1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007
Xeon processor.” Amazon EC2
• Original code
~10% Peak
• w/o SIMD
<50%
• ACML
~90%
Source: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~volkov/cs267.sp09/hw1/results/

Evolution of Computing
"Everywhere you look, the quantity of information in the world is soaring.
According to one estimate, mankind created 150 exabytes (billion gigabytes) of data in 2005. This year, it will create
1,200 exabytes. Merely keeping up with this flood, and storing the bits that might be useful, is difficult enough.
Analysing it, to spot patterns and extract useful information, is harder still.“
The Data Deluge, The Economist, 25
February 2010.

• “ For me, while I do take a lot of pride in shipping a great product, the achievements along the way are more memorable . I don't remember any of our older product releases, but I remember the important insights all the way back to using CRTC wraparound for infinite smooth scrolling in Keen (actually, all the way back to understanding the virtues of structures over parallel arrays in apple II assembly language …) Knowledge builds on knowledge.
” John Carmack, .plan, Feb 1998

You are here L0. Introduction
L1. Digital Logic L2. Digital Data
L3. ISAs
L4. Assembler L5. IA-32/MIPS
L6. Basic Processing Unit
L7.1. I/O + OS L7.1. Memory + Perf.
L9. Large Sys.
L8. Pipelining + Perf.
Rd. Prog. Principles

• Body of Knowledge: Architecture and Organization
• AR1. Digital Logic and Data Representation [core]
• AR2. Computer Architecture and Organization [core]
• AR3. Interfacing and I/O Strategies [core]
• AR4. Memory Architecture [core]
• AR5. Functional Organization [core]
• AR6. Multiprocessing [core]
• AR7. Performance Enhancements [elective]
• AR8. Directions in Computing [elective]
• TU Delft: Logic, Digital Logic, Programming Fundamentals,
Operating Systems, Distributed Algorithms and Systems, …

• Class Material
• V.C. Hamacher, Z.G. Vranesic, S.G. Zaky,
Computer Organization , 2002, McGraw-Hill, 5 th Ed.
• Reader: Computer Organization, January 2007
•
• Lecture Slides
• Info: BlackBoard
ATTN: textbook via
•
•
• CH (second-hand)
Amazon.com or bol.com
McGraw Hill link (e-version, available hopefully soon)
TI1400/12-PDS
13
T U -Delft

• Classes
• 2 hours per week (see College Rooster)
• Instructions
• 1 hour per week (see College Rooster)
• Laboratory
• 5 mandatory + 2 bonus assignments in Q4
• Self-Study
• 6-8 hours per week or you may fail
TI1400/12-PDS
14
T U -Delft

1. Digital Logic
Lecture Tutorial Lab Self-Study
4h
2. Data Repr./Processing 4h
1/2h
1/2h -
10h
10h
3. ISAs/Assembler 6h
4. Basic Processing Unit 4h
2h
2h
16+8h
-
20h
10h
5. I/O + OS Principles 2h
6. Memory + Performance 2h
7. Pipelining + Perf.
2h
8. Programming Principles 2h
1h
1h
2h
-
-
-
-
-
9. Parallelism/Distribution 2h
Total 28h
1h
14h
-
16+8h
10h
10h
10h
5h
10h
95h

NEW
1. Course Points
10,000 for straight 10
2. Access Tokens
Start with 1
+1,000 team self-study
+1,000 lab bonus #2 Bonus Lab assignments
+500 lab bonus #1
+300 correct exam Q
+50 activity in
Lab/Lecture/Tutorial
Advanced topics
(GPUs, clouds)
Discuss w Lecturer
+25 correct end-lecture quiz Propose Exam Qs
3. Brownie Points
I will bake brownies for you
(but not force you to eat them)
!
+500 entry quiz Rec. letter
TI1400/12-PDS T U -Delft

• In week 7 of Q3 there is a mid-term exam of 10 Qs
• You can take the exam, but you do not have to
• Mid-term score counts for 1/3 score from Qs
• You can only win by taking the quiz!
• Final exam of 30 Qs
• 10 Qs overlap with mid-term exam
• 20 Qs about new material
• Twice per year
• Old examinations can be found at the in1705 web pages
TI1400/12-PDS
18
T U -Delft

• Week 1-2 : Basic concepts, digital logic, memory elements, finite state machines
• Week 1 : Hamacher A.1 to A.6
• Week 2 : Hamacher A.7 to A.14
• Week 3-4 : Number representations and arithmetic
• Week 3 : Hamacher 2.1, 6.1
• Week 4 : Hamacher 6.3 to 6.8
TI1400/12-PDS
19
T U -Delft

• Week 5-6 : Instructions, addressing modes, assembler
• Week 5 : Hamacher 2.2 to 2.4
• Week 6 : Hamacher 2.5 to 2.13
• Week 7 : IA-32 architecture
• Week 7 : Hamacher 3.16 to 3.25
TI1400/12-PDS
20
T U -Delft

• Week 8-9 : The Processing Unit
• Week 8 : Hamacher 7
• Week 9 : Hamacher 7
• Week 10-11 : Input/Output and Memory Organization
• Week 10 : Hamacher 2.7 and 4
• Week 11 : Hamacher 5
TI1400/12-PDS
21
T U -Delft

• Week 12 : Pipelining
• Week 12 : Hamacher 8
• Week 13 : Language levels and translation
• Week 13 : Reader
• Week 14 : Large Systems
• Week 14 : Hamacher 12
TI1400/12-PDS
22
T U -Delft

http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_0.ppt
Course website: http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_results.htm
TI1400/12-PDS T U -Delft