Hormones and Homeostasis – home review
Name:
1. Define the following.
Endocrine system
Hormone
Gland
Target cell
Homeostasis
Negative feedback
2. State the function of the following hormones
Insulin
Glucagon
Adrenalin
Testosterone
FSH
LH
Oestrogen
Progesterone
HCG
Oxytocin
3. List five internal conditions in the human body maintained through homeostasis.
4. Explain how homeostasis is based on a system of negative feedback control. Complete the negative feedback loop
below.
Word bank:
Increase
Receptor
Effector
Response
5. Complete the flow chart below to show how the hypothalamus controls body temperature through hormones.
What are the body’s responses?
6.
Blood glucose levels are maintained by hormones produced in the pancreas.
Complete the table to show glucoregulation.
High Blood Sugar
Pancreatic cells used
Low Blood Sugar
Beta cells
…which secrete…
… carried in blood to….
&
… causing conversion of..
… to …
Overall effect:
Glucose removed from blood
Glucose released into blood
7. Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which regulation of blood glucose is difficult.
Distinguish between type I and type II diabetes.
Type I
Type II
Cause
Effect
Risk factors
Treatment
8. Explain how we can tell from this table that the patient is diabetic.
9. Identify the part of the brain are nerve impulses converted to hormonal signals.
10. Complete the steps below to show how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate body
temperature.
Stimulus
Sensory neuron
Relay
Effector
Hormone 1
Gland
Target cells
Effect
Target cells
Effect
Release of Thyroid hormone
Data-based question practice, from the QuestionBank CDRom
11. The sense of taste is normally caused by the stimulation of chemoreceptors in the taste buds of the tongue.
There are four main 'tastes': sweet, salty, bitter and sour. The tongue also has receptors for temperature. It is
known that the taste of food can vary according to whether it is cold, warm or hot. Scientists discovered that
just warming or cooling parts of the tongue, even when no food was present, also caused a sensation of
taste.
Scientists experimented with a group of people. They gradually cooled the tips of their tongues and measured
the intensity of the taste felt by each member of the group. The experiment was repeated, this time warming
the tip of the tongue. The graphs show the average values for the group.
Cooling the tongue tip
Warming the tongue tip
Taste intensity felt
/ arbitrary units
moderate
weak
just
detectable
35 25 35 20 35 15 35 10 35 5 20 25
Decrease in temperature from 35 ºC
Key:
Salty
Bitter
20 30
20 35
20 40
Increase in temperature from 20 ºC
Sweet
Sour
[Source: modified from Cruz and Green, Nature (2003) 403, page 889]
(a)
Identify which taste was felt most strongly when the tip of the tongue was
(i)
cooled:
(ii)
warmed:
(1)
(b)
Compare the effects on the taste of sweetness, of warming and cooling the tip of the tongue.
(2)
(c)
It is important that such experiments use a population sample that is representative. Suggest two
biological criteria the scientists would have used to select the people to be tested.
(1)
(d)
Explain whether cooling or warming the tip of the tongue has the greater effect on the sensation of
taste.
(2)
The scientists discovered that there were two types of chemoreceptor in the tongue tip. They called these A
and B. They tested these chemoreceptors using solutions of sucrose to find out the type of taste and the
intensity felt. The results are shown in the bar chart.
moderate
weak
Taste intensity felt
/ arbitrary units
just detectable
sweet detected
Key:
(e)
sour detected
A
B
Compare the effects of sucrose on the A and B chemoreceptors by giving two similarities and two
differences.
Similarities


Differences


(4)