Using Differences
Constructively:
Understanding Psychological
Type
Hope Lochridge
TMCEC Executive Director
Objectives
1. Be introduced to the concept of type based on the
research of Carl Jung, Isabel Myers and Katherine
Briggs and temperament based on book by David
Keirsey.
2. Participate in a self-assessment using the MBTI
instrument that reflects personal and professional
preferences.
3. Be able to apply the Myers-Briggs “types” to
communication issues, conflict management,
problem solving, team building, and learning
styles that commonly appear in court.
Introductions
• Name & Court
• Position & Number of Years at
Court
• What are some examples of
conflict and communications
problems that occur in your court?
Psychological Type
Defined as an underlying personality
pattern resulting from the dynamic
interaction of our four preferences,
environmental influences, and our
OWN choices.
What is Type?
• Normal, Innate Differences or Preferences in
Normal People
• Focus or Orientation of Energy
Extroversion (E) vs. Introversion (I)
• Looks at our Mental Processes:
Perceiving & Judging
P = Sensing (S) & Initiating (N)
J = Thinking (T) & Feeling (F)
• Our Attitude toward the World
Judging (J) and Perceiving (P)
Our Attitude Toward the
World
Judging
………………..Perceiving
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Margaret……………….……………..Hope
Review
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Just a preference
No right or wrong
No better or worse
Don’t stereotype others
Seek acceptance and appreciation
Type is dynamic - self-balancing, ever
changing
Attitude
Judging
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Scheduled
Organize their lives
Systematic
Methodical
Makes short & long
term plans
• Likes things decided
• Avoids last minute
stresses
Perceiving
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Spontaneous
Flexible
Casual
Open-ended
Adapts, changes
course
• Likes things loose
• Open to change
• Feels energized by last
minute changes
Gifts of Judgment
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System in doing things
Order in possessions
A planned life
Sustained effort
Decisiveness
Exercise of authority
Settled opinions
Acceptance of routine
Gifts of Perception
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Spontaneity
Open-mindedness
Understanding
Tolerance
Curiosity
Zest for experience
Adaptability
Review:
• Just a preference
• No right or wrong
• No better or worse
• Don’t stereotype others
• Seek acceptance and appreciation
• Type is dynamic - self-balancing, ever
changing
Let’s Try the Inventory
• Remember choose your preference
• Don’t associate only with work or family
but with the real you
• OK to leave questions blank if you get stuck
• No right or wrong answer
Extroversion
• Attuned to the external
environment
• Prefers to communicate by
talking
• Works out ideas by talking
through them
• Broad interests
• Sociable and expressive
• Takes initiative in work
and relationships
Introversion
• Drawn to their inner world
• Prefers communicating in
writing
• Works out ideas by
reflecting on them
• Focused in depth on their
interests
• Private & contained
• Takes initiative when
situation or issue is very
important to them
Write 3-4
sentences about
the picture.
Sensing Language Characteristics
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Focus
Prefers
Values
Approach
Effects
Facts & details, both past & present
Practical, real world experience
Personal experience
Linear or sequential
What is literally said or done
Presents only the facts
Impatient with abstract thought
Backtracks when details are omitted
iNtuiting Language Characteristics
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Focus
Prefers
Values
Approach
Effects
Concepts, possibilities, meanings
Big picture; theory
What could be
Relational; Connecting ideas
Identifies the meaning between the lines
 Tends to exaggerate or embellish
 Appears scattered
 Rambles
 Omits the details
Sensing
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Present realities
Factual & concrete
Focus on real & actual
Remembers specifics
Builds carefully and
thoroughly toward
conclusions
• Understands theories and
ideas through practical
applications
• Trusts experience
iNtuition
• Oriented to future
possibilities
• Imaginative, verbally
creative
• Sees patterns & meanings
in data
• Moves quickly to
conclusions
• Follows hunches
• Clarifies & theories before
putting them into practice
• Trusts inspiration
Sensing Types Need Intuitive Types
to
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Bring up new possibilities
To supply ingenuity on problems
To read the signs of coming change
To have enthusiasm
To tackle difficulties with new zest
To show that the joys of the future are worth
looking for
Intuitive Types Need Sensing Types
to
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Bring up pertinent facts
Apply experience to problems
Read the fine print in a contract
Notice what needs attention now
Keep track of essential details
Face difficulties with realism
To remind them that the joys of the present
are important
Thinking Language Characteristics
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Focus
Prefers
Values
Approach
Effects
Results and providing logical support
Cause and effect
Logic and consistency
Objective, analytical and structural
Sounds cold
Provides long, logical answers
Clarifies by questioning
Tends to be abrupt
Quick to identify inconsistencies
Problem Solving
• The city manager has asked you to identify
the criteria to be used to lay off 3 out of 10
employees in court. All have been with the
court approximately the same amount of
time, doing the same kind of work & have
the same level of performance.
Feeling Language Characteristics
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Focus
Prefers
Values
Approach
Effects
People, relationships, society norms
Interaction; face-to-face meetings
Personal relationships; being needed
Spontaneous; Personal
Personal connection
Emotional roller coaster
Remarks are taken personally
Tactful interaction
“Should” and “ought to”
Thinking
Feeling
(Decision Making Function)
• Analytical
• Uses cause & effect
reasoning
• Solves problems with
logic
• Reasonable
• Can be tough minded
• Fair - wants everyone
treated equally
• Empathetic
• Guided by personal
values
• Assesses impacts of
decisions on people
• Compassionate
• May appear tender
hearted
• Fair as an individual
Feeling Types Need Thinking Types
to
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Analyze
Organize
Find the flaws in advance
Hold consistently to policy
Stand firm against opposition
Fire people when necessary
Thinking Types Need Feeling Types
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To Persuade
To Forecast how others will feel
To Arouse enthusiasm
To Teach
To Sell
To Appreciate the thinker!
Why There May Be Variance
• Correct 85% of the time.
• May vary because of:
• Situational basis
• Environmental - stress
• May be working on a tertiary or inferior preference
(less dominant one)
• Did you answer as you want to be?
• Or your parents wants you to be?
• Age (development vs. lack of differentiation)
Compare Self-Selection to
MBTI
Same?
Similar?
Slight?
Different?
Myers-Briggs® Preference Types and
Total Percentage within the Population
ISTJ 6%
The Trustee
Dependable
Exacting
Factual
Logical
ISTP 5%
The Artisan
Adaptable
Adventurous
Applied
Expedient
ESTP 13%
The Promoter
Activity-oriented
Adaptable
Adventurous
Alert
ESTJ 13%
The
Administrator
Decisive
Direct
Efficient
Gregarious
Organized
Practical
Realistic
Factual
Independent
Logical
Easygoing
Energetic
Outgoing
Logical
Objective
Organized
ISFJ 6%
The Conservator
Accommodating
Detailed
Devoted
Loyal
ISFP 5%
The Artist
Adaptable
Caring
Cooperative
Gentle
ESFP 15%
The Entertainer
Adaptable
Casual
Cooperative
Easygoing
ESFJ 13%
The Seller
Conscientious
Cooperative
Harmonious
Loyal
Meticulous
Organized
Patient
Harmonious
Loyal
Modest
Enthusiastic
Friendly
Outgoing
Personable
Planful
Responsible
INFJ 1%
The Author
Compassionate
Conceptual
Creative
Deep
INFP 1%
The Questor
Adaptable
Committed
Curious
Deep
ENFP 5%
The Journalist
Creative
Curious
Energetic
Enthusiastic
ENFJ 5%
The Pedagogue
Appreciative
Congenial
Diplomatic
Energetic
Determined
Idealistic
Intense
Devoted
Empathetic
Gentle
Expressive
Friendly
Imaginative
Enthusiastic
Expressive
Idealistic
INTJ 1%
The Scientist
Analytical
Autonomous
Determined
Firm
INTP 1%
The Architect
Autonomous
Cognitive
Detached
Independent
ENTP 5%
The Inventor
Adaptive
Analytical
Challenging
Clever
ENTJ 5%
The
Fieldmarshal
Challenging
Controlled
Decisive
Energetic
Global
Independent
Logical
Logical
Original
Precise
Enterprising
Independent
Original
Logical
Methodical
Objective
Temperament
• Temperament is a configuration of
inclinations/preferences.
• Character is a configuration of habits.
• Please Understand Me, II: Temperament,
Character, Intelligence by David Keirsey
• Keirsey uses Plato’s model:
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Rational
Idealist
Artisan
Guardian
Temperament
ISTJ
ISFJ
INFJ
INTJ
(Guardian)
(Guardian)
(Idealist)
(Rational)
ISTP
ISFP
INFP
INTP
(Artisan)
(Artisan)
(Idealist)
(Rational)
ESTP
ESFP
ENFP
ENTP
(Artisan)
(Artisan)
(Idealist)
(Rational)
ESTJ
ESFJ
ENFJ
ENTJ
(Guardian)
(Guardian)
(Idealist)
(Rational)
Seeking Best Fit
• Self discovery
• A life long process
• Dive deeper
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Read and discuss
Ask friends, family & colleagues
Look at pairings
Further reading: page 43
Break your type code
Look at temperament
Don’t do unto others as you
would
have done unto you.
Their Type might be different!
Thank you for participating!
Have a great seminar and safe trip
home!