Lab 14: Bacteria and Protists
Study Guide
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Pgs. 175-193
Getting Started:
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READ!
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Know the words in bold.
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See slides and specimens.
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See live specimens first!
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Answer questions and fill in blanks if possible (unless told to SKIP).
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Compare what you see in lab to the manual, Photographic Atlas, classroom charts, and to the chapters in your textbook.
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Learn names of organisms (genus name unless told otherwise), including CORRECT
SPELLING , of organisms named on the study guide ONLY . Be able to recognize them also.
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SLIDES are prepared slides (NOT wetmount) unless indicated.
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Each person may take TWO slides at a time, then put away.
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BE SURE TO PUT SLIDES BACK INTO THE CORRECT BOX IN THE SLOT WITH
THE SAME NUMBER AS THE SLIDE!
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Additional instructions are on index cards on back tables.
o “wm” on slide means “whole mount” (whole organisms on slide).
Sections to Cover in Lab Book
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14.1 Bacteria (Prokaryotic Organisms) (pg. 177-182) o Gram Stain (pg. 177)
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Gram-positive
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Gram-negative

Do Observation #1 ONLY
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SKIP Observation #2-3 and Experimental Procedure: Gram Stain o Colony Morphology (pg. 178)
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View the plates inoculated by students.
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Do Observation #1-2 (#3-4 were done last week)
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Choose 3 different colonies. (Make sure you know what a colony is.)
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Table 14.2: Number colonies 1-3, then describe the color, surface, and margin of each. o Shape of Bacterial Cell (pg. 179)
 Prepared SLIDES: shapes of bacteria (in back of room)
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Do Observation #1-3 o Cyanobacteria (pg. 179, 182)
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Prepared SLIDES: Know these two (in back of room)
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Oscillatoria: looks like a stack of dimes.
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Anabaena: looks like a string of pearls. o (Bacteria and Biological Warfare: Optional) (pg. 180-181)
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14.2 Protists (Eukaryotic Organisms)
See classification and characteristics (pg. 183). This reflects both a new classification system (in the table) and the traditional way of grouping by mode of nutrition. Until a final classification system is universally accepted, we will NOT memorize the names of supergroups. Instead, groups of protists will be studied according to types of nutrition. o Photosynthetic Protists (pg. 183-188) – “plant-like” is the traditional description for autotrophic protists. o Observation: Green Algae
 (Living specimens: Volvox and Euglena )
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Prepared SLIDES :
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Spirogyra , vegetative (“vegetative” means “not reproducing”) o What is its identifying structure?
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Spirogyra , sclariform conjugation: this is the type of conjugation shown in Fig. 14.10b. For exams, we will call it simply
“conjugation.”
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Volvox , wm: a colonial protest: compare to Fig. 14.11.
o See living culture: gently hold tube up to light to see colonies.
o Make a WETMOUNT SLIDE ! (Use a coverslip.) o (Also see diagram of Chamydomonas , Fig. 14.17, which is similar to an individual cell of Volvox .
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SKIP Table 14.3.
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Add: Euglena : living culture o Make a WETMOUNT SLIDE !
o Note movements (means of locomotion). o Compare to pg. 25 in manual.
o Observation: Brown Algae
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Will only need to recognize Fucus (rockweed).
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See preserved specimen.
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Know where it grows.
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Identify air bladders/air vesicles.
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You do not need to know reproduction.
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Table 14.4. Use Fig. 14.12 to fill in information about Fucus and
Laminaria .
o Observation: Red algae
 See preserved specimens. Know information on index card.
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SKIP Table 14.5
o Observation: Diatoms
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DEMO SLIDE : marine diatoms (this is a common name: no capitalization, no italics)
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See index cards on table. Compare to Fig. 14.14.
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o Observation: Dinoflagellates
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DEMO SLIDE : dinoflagellates (common name): adjust fine focus back and forth to see grooves
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Compare to Fig. 14.15.
o Heterotrophic Protists
: “animal-like” is the traditional description for protists that ingest food (protozoans).
o SKIP : Apicomplexans – will probably cover in lecture.
o Know the 3 below: identify type of locomotion and means of obtaining food.
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Amoeba : identify pseudopods
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Paramecium : adjust light and fine focus to look for cilia. (Can you see the macronucleus and micronucleus?)
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Trypanosoma : causes African Sleeping Sickness o Observation: Pond water: SKIP o Slime Molds
: “fungus-like” is the traditional description for these organisms.
Heterotrophic by phagocytosis (similar to amoebas).
o 2 types:
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Cellular slime molds: NO SPECIMEN: See text diagram pg. 365.
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Acellular slime molds = plasmodial slime molds, named for the plasmodium, a mass of naked cytoplasm.
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Physarum – LIVE SPECIMEN, see text pg. 365.
KNOW ANSWERS TO LABORATORY REVIEW!
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