Giving USA 2012
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Giving USA 2012
The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year 2011
Giving USA 2012
is published by Giving USA Foundation™
&
and is researched, written, and produced by
The Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University
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Overview
What is Giving USA?
Sources of giving
Types of recipients
Rates of change
Trends in total giving
Trends in sources of giving
Trends in types of recipients
Trends in number of nonprofit organizations
Trends in volunteering
What is Giving USA?
• The longest running, annual report about U.S. charitable giving
• Estimates for:
— Sources of giving
— Amounts received by type of organization
• Published by the Giving USA Foundation™
• Began in 1956 by the American Association of Fundraising Counsel, now
The Giving Institute
• Made possible by contributions from The Giving Institute™ members
firms, foundations, and other donors
2011 charitable giving
Total = $298.42 billion
Sources of contributions, 2011
• Total giving = $298.42 billion1
• Increase of 4.0 percent (0.9 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• Individuals/households remain the single most important source
• Individuals + charitable bequests = 81 percent of total
• Foundation grantmaking = 14 percent of the total2
— About three-fifths of independent foundation giving is from family
foundations
• Individual + Bequest + Family Foundations = 88 percent
• Corporate giving is an estimated 5 percent of the total
Types of recipients of contributions, 2011
Total = $298.42 billion
Types of recipients of contributions, 2011
• Religion remains the largest recipient type at 32 percent of the total.3
• After religion, next highest categories are:
— Education
— Human services
— To foundations
13 percent
12 percent
9 percent
• Estimates are grounded in economic and demographic data, as well as
data submitted by organizations to national agencies and independent
research organizations.
— Revisions made when new data become available4
• Unallocated category includes gifts to government agencies, such as
direct to public schools (public school foundations are included, however);
new charities; grants to organizations in other countries; and those caught
in the difference between fiscal years, among others.
Changes in giving by source, 2009–2011
Current dollars
Changes in giving by source, 2009–2011
Current dollars
• Total giving in 2011 increased an estimated 7.1 percent from 2009.4
• The increase is attributable, in part, to the modest economic recovery
since the recession.
• Individual giving increased an estimated 8.5 percent since 2009.
• Charitable bequests rose an estimated 12.2 percent in 2011,
after a decrease of 5.8 percent in 2010.
• Foundation grantmaking increased an estimated 1.4 percent in 2011
since 2009.
• Corporate giving was relatively unchanged in 2011 (–0.1 percent),
following an increase of 5.6 percent in 2010.
— Includes grantmaking by corporate foundations
Changes in giving by source, 2009–2011
Inflation-adjusted dollars
Changes in giving by source, 2009–2011
Inflation-adjusted dollars
• Total giving increased by 0.9 percent in 2011, adjusted for inflation.5, 6
• In inflation-adjusted dollars, individual giving increased 3.5 percent since
2009.
• In inflation-adjusted dollars, giving by bequest rose 8.8 percent in 2011,
after decreasing by 7.4 percent in 2010.
• Foundation giving fell 3.3 percent, adjusted for inflation, since 2009.
• Inflation-adjusted corporate giving decreased 3.1 percent in 2011,
following an increase of 3.9 percent in 2010.
Changes in giving by recipient organization, 2009–2011
Current dollars
Changes in giving by recipient organization, 2009–2011
Current dollars
• From 2009 to 2011, estimated giving in current dollars increased for all
subsectors except religion.7
• From 2009 to 2011, Giving USA estimates growth in giving to:
International affairs
15.2 percent
Human services
12.4 percent
Public-society benefit
11.5 percent
Education
10.3 percent
Environment/animals
8.6 percent
Arts, culture, and humanities
8.4 percent
Health
3.9 percent
• Only the religion subsector saw a cumulative decline between 2009 and
2011:
Religion
–3.7 percent
Changes in giving by recipient organization, 2009–2011
Inflation-adjusted dollars
Changes in giving by recipient organization, 2009–2011
Inflation-adjusted dollars
• Inflation adjustment uses Consumer Price Index8
When 2011 = $100, then 2010 = $97.00
• Adjusted for inflation, the following subsectors saw growth between 2009
and 2011:9
International affairs
9.9 percent
Human services
7.2 percent
Public-society benefit
6.4 percent
Education
5.2 percent
Environment/animals
3.6 percent
Arts, culture, and humanities
3.5 percent
• Cumulative giving to the following subsectors remained steady or
declined slightly between 2009 and 2011, adjusted for inflation:
Religion
–8.1 percent
Health
–0.8 percent
Total giving, 1971–2011
Total giving, 1971–2011
• Total giving increased in current dollars every year but three since
1971. The exception years include 1987, 2008, and 2009. A 1986 tax law
change led some to “give early” to maximize the tax benefit of giving.
These results affected giving in 1987.
• Giving grows more slowly—or declines—in recession years.
• In 2008, total giving fell 9.5 percent adjusted for inflation.10
This is the worst result on record; 2009 follows with a decline in total
giving of 3.9 percent, adjusted for inflation.
• The inflation-adjusted increase in 2011 of 0.9 percent is below the
average inflation-adjusted rate of change in total giving since 1971,
which is 2.3 percent.
• History suggests giving will increase as the economy improves.
Giving by individuals, 1971–2011
Giving by individuals, 1971–2011
• Individual giving = $217.79 billion in 2011
• Increase of 3.9 percent (0.8 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• While most individuals continue to give in hard times, many will
decrease their giving, and some will stop giving altogether.
• Various economic indicators point to the increased confidence that
individuals had in their financial future in 2011, providing explanation for
the boost in giving by individuals. Between 2010 and 2011:
– Consumer confidence rose 3.6 percent.11
– The unemployment rate fell 9.6 percent.12
– Personal consumption expenditures rose 4.7 percent.13
Giving by bequest, 1971–2011
Giving by bequest, 1971–2011
• Charitable bequests = $24.41 billion in 2011
• Increase of 12.2 percent (8.8 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• Includes an estimated $20.68 billion in charitable bequests from estates
that filed federal tax returns, which is 85 percent of the total bequest
estimate. This amount includes two “mega-bequests” totaling $2.63
billion.
• The estimate for giving by bequest for approximately 97,000 non-filing
estates is $3.73 billion in 2011.
– Each year, estimates for the average charitable bequest amount per
non-filing estate result in contributions ranging from about $3 billion to
more than $7 billion. Giving USA uses a number reflective of the more
conservative end of the spectrum of the estimate for giving by bequest
each year.15
Giving by foundations, 1971–2011
Giving by foundations, 1971–2011
• The Foundation Center estimates $41.67 billion for giving by
independent, community, and operating foundations in 2011 (does not
include corporate foundations).16
• Increase of 1.8 percent (–1.3 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• On average, each year, giving by family foundations is estimated to be
about 59 percent of giving by independent foundations. For 2011, this
amount is $19.5 billion, or 47 percent of total giving by all foundations
included in this estimate.17
• Over the last four decades (1971–2011), average annual inflationadjusted giving by foundations grew at a slightly slower rate than the
average annual rate of inflation, at 3.7 percent and 4.4 percent,
respectively.
Giving by corporations, 1971–2011
Giving by corporations, 1971–2011
• Corporate giving = $14.55 billion in 2011
• Adjusted for inflation, giving by corporations is estimated to have
declined 3.1 percent in 2011.
• Corporate foundation grantmaking is estimated to have grown 6 percent
in 2011, with $5.2 billion in contributions. For the 2011 Giving USA
estimate, $5.15 billion was then subtracted from the amount for
corporations’ gifts to their own foundations.18
• Giving by corporations is directly linked with companies’ profits and the
economic environment in which corporations operate. In 2011, Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) increased 3.91 percent year over year compared
with 2010. This is compared with an increase of 4.21 percent between
2009 and 2010.19
Giving by source: Percentage of the total in five-year spans,
1972–2011 (in inflation-adjusted dollars)
Giving by source: Percentage of the total in five-year spans,
1972–2011 (in inflation-adjusted dollars)
• The share of inflation-adjusted giving by individuals declined between
the five-year period ending in 2006 and the five-year period ending in
2011, dropping from 77 percent to 73 percent of the total. Since the fiveyear period ending in 1981, the share of giving by individuals has
dropped 11 percentage points.
• When divided by the share of inflation-adjusted giving by source, total
giving amounts by corporations and bequest have remained consistent
over the last four decades.
• Over the past 40 years, there has been a growing share of total giving
coming from foundations and a lower share from individuals. In part, this
is because of the increased number of family foundations and their
growing assets.
– Between 2004 and 2009, inflation-adjusted giving by family
foundations increased 63 percent.21
Total giving by source in five-year spans,
1972–2011 (in inflation-adjusted dollars)
Total giving by source in five-year spans,
1972–2011 (in inflation-adjusted dollars)
• Total inflation-adjusted giving increased slowly from the five-year period ending in
1976 through the five-year period ending in 1996, with an average rate of change
between each five-year period of 10.2 percent.
• However, giving rose sharply between the five-year periods beginning in 1992 and
1997, with a positive change of 44.6 percent, and again between the periods
beginning 1997 and 2002, with a positive change of 15.8 percent.
• Inflation-adjusted giving by individuals saw the largest period of growth between the
five-year periods beginning in 1992 and 1997, with a 42 percent increase.
• Giving by bequest, adjusted for inflation, increased the most in the five-year spans
beginning with 1992 and 1997, but have not increased as much in recent years.
• Inflation-adjusted giving by foundations saw the largest period of growth between
the five-year periods beginning in 1992 and 1997, with an 80.3 percent increase.
• Inflation-adjusted giving by corporations saw the largest period of growth between
the five-year periods beginning in 1977 and 1982, with a 45.3 percent increase.
Trends in total giving: 1971–2011
Trends in total giving: 1971–2011
• Total giving in 2011 increased by $11.51 billion from the revised
current-dollar estimate of $286.91 billion in 2010.
• This is a change of 4.0 percent before adjusting for inflation. Because
$100 in 2011 was worth $97.00 in 2010, the inflation-adjusted change is
less, at 0.9 percent.
• Since 1972, total giving in current dollars grew the most in the 10-year
period between 1982 and 1991, with 145.7 percent growth. The slowest
10-year period of growth for total current-dollar giving was between 2002
and 2011, at 71.7 percent.
• Since 1972, total charitable giving, in inflation-adjusted dollars, grew the
most in the 10-year period between 1992 and 2001, at 41.2 percent. The
slowest 10-year period of growth for total inflation-adjusted giving was
between 1972 and 1981, at 16.4 percent.
Total giving as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product,
1971–2011(adjusted for inflation)
Data are rounded.
Total giving as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product,
1971–2011(adjusted for inflation)
• For 2011, giving was an estimated 2.0 percent of GDP.22-23
• Giving has remained at 2.0 percent or more of GDP since 1997.
• From 1956 through 1972, total charitable giving was consistently at or
above 2.0 percent of GDP. However, this percentage fell beginning in the
period between 1972 and 1996, but rose again beginning in 1997. Total
giving as a percentage of GDP has been at or above 2.0 percent since
that year.
Total charitable giving graphed with the Standard & Poor's 500
Index, 1971-2011 (adjusted for inflation)
Total charitable giving graphed with the Standard & Poor's 500
Index, 1971-2011 (adjusted for inflation)
• Research has found a statistically significant correlation between
changes in total giving and values on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index
(S&P 500). Because stock market values are an indicator of financial and
economic security, donors are more likely to give when the stock market
is up.24
• The S&P 500 declined 3 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars between
2010 and 2011. This is compared with an increase of 10.9 percent
between 2009 and 2010, and growth of 23.8 percent between 2008 and
2009.25
• Note that when graphed together, giving does not rise as quickly as the
S&P 500 Index, nor does it fall as steeply when the Index declines.
Individual giving as a percentage of disposable personal
income, 1971–2011
Individual giving as a percentage of disposable personal
income, 1971–2011
• Disposable personal income (DPI) is the amount available to
households after payment of taxes.
• Individual giving in 2011 was an estimated 1.9 percent of DPI (in
current dollars); the same percentage as in 2010.26
• This figure is a decline from the high of 2.4 percent realized in 2005 and
remains below the 2.0 percent threshold seen between 1971–1984 and
1997–2008.
Corporate giving as a percentage of corporate
pre-tax profits, 1971–2011
Data are rounded.
Corporate giving as a percentage of corporate
pre-tax profits, 1971–2011
• Corporate giving, which includes grants from corporate foundations, is
estimated to be 0.77 percent of corporate pre-tax profits for 2011. This
represents a decline of 0.03 percentage points from 2010 and is the
lowest figure recorded since 1979 when it was 0.75 percent.27
• Giving as a percentage of corporate pre-tax profits was at its highest
point in 1986, when it was 2.05 percent, which was the only year this
figure rose above 2.0 percent.
• The 1980s and 1990s were the strongest decades for corporate giving.
Between 1981 and 2003, corporate giving as a percentage of corporate
pre-tax profits stayed above 1.0 percent. However, beginning in 2004, this
figure dropped to 0.92 percent and has stayed at or below 1.0 percent
since.
Giving to religion, 1971–2011
Giving to religion, 1971–2011
• Religion = $95.88 billion in 201128
• Decrease of 1.7 percent (4.7 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 32 percent of total estimated giving in 2011
• Giving to religion has historically increased over time, but at a slower
rate than giving to many other types of charities. Recently, giving to
religion has started to decline.
• This estimate includes contributions to houses of worship, the
organizing or national offices of denominations and faith groups,
ministries, and religious communities.
• This estimate does not include contributions to faith-based
organizations offering other services, such as healthcare, education, or
social services.
Giving to education, 1971–2011
Giving to education, 1971–2011
• Education = $38.87 billion in 2011
• Increase of 4.0 percent (0.9 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 13 percent of total estimated giving in 2011
• Giving USA reports on a calendar year. Many institutions of education
operate on a fiscal year, and reports on giving to these organizations
may show a different level of change because they report on the fiscal
year. The 2011 fiscal year includes fall 2010 and spring 2011 in one
reporting period.29-30
• Giving USA’s findings include giving to higher education for calendar
year 2011, plus contributions estimated for giving to public (indirect
through fundraising arms only), private, and charter K-12 schools; afterschool and tutoring programs; libraries; and programs focusing on
education research and policy, among others.
Giving to foundations, 1978–2011
Giving to foundations, 1978–2011
• Foundation gifts received are estimated to be $25.83 billion in 2011.
• Decrease of 6.1 percent (8.9 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 9 percent of total giving in 2011
• Giving USA’s findings include giving to independent, community, and
operating foundations. It does not include giving to freestanding donoradvised funds, which are in the public-society benefit subsector.
Giving to human services, 1971–2011
Giving to human services, 1971–2011
• Human services = $35.39 billion in 2011
• Increase of 2.5 percent in 2011 (–0.6 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 12 percent of total giving in 2011
• Inflation-adjusted giving to human services organizations in 2011 was
the third-highest amount ever recorded (behind 2008 and 2010).
• Human services organizations provide a wide range of services,
including those related to food, clothing, shelter, legal services,
employment counseling, senior- or youth-focused recreational activities,
and case management and coordination services, among others.
Giving to health, 1971–2011
Giving to health, 1971–2011
• Health = $24.75 billion in 2011
• Increase of 2.7 percent (–0.4 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 8 percent of total estimated giving in 2011
• Giving USA reports on a calendar year. Many healthcare organizations
operate on a fiscal year; some other reports show a different level of
change because they include fall 2010 and spring 2011 in one reporting
period. Also, other organizations categorize giving to health differently
than does Giving USA.
• Health organizations include those providing care, such as clinics and
hospitals. They also include health-related research facilities, diseasespecific organizations for research or patient/family support, mental
health services and research, and health policy centers.
Giving to public-society benefit,1971–2011
Giving to public-society benefit,1971–2011
• Public-society benefit = $21.37 billion in 2011
• Increase of 4.0 percent (0.9 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 7 percent of total estimated giving in 2011
• This subsector includes United Ways, Jewish federations, and
freestanding donor-advised funds, as well as organizations focused on
civil rights, voter education and registration, public policy research, social
science research, community and neighborhood economic and civic
development, and leadership development programs.
• The three largest donor-advised fund administrators—Fidelity Charitable
Gift Fund, Schwab Charitable Fund, and Vanguard Charitable Endowment
Program—realized average growth in received contributions of 77 percent
between 2010 and 2011.32
Giving to arts, culture, and humanities, 1971–2011
Giving to arts, culture, and humanities, 1971–2011
• Arts, culture, and humanities = $13.12 billion in 2011
• Increase of 4.1 percent (1.0 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 4 percent of total estimated giving in 2011
• According to the 2011 Million Dollar List, there were 58 announced gifts
of $1 million or more to the arts, culture, and humanities subsector from
individuals in 2011, totaling $712 million.33
• Arts, culture, and humanities organizations engage in performance,
exhibition, creation, teaching, and preservation of arts and cultural
assets. They also include humanities organizations, historical societies,
and public and nonprofit media organizations.
Giving to international affairs, 1987–2011
Giving to international affairs, 1987–2011
• International affairs = $22.68 billion in 2011
• An increase of 7.6 percent (4.4 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 8 percent of total estimated giving in 2011
• International giving began to be tracked separately in 1987. Recent
growth in giving reflects developing priorities for charitable activity in
developing countries, as well as an increasing number of international
organizations based in the United States.34
• International affairs refers to organizations focused on international aid,
development, and relief, as well as policy and analysis of international
affairs.
Giving to environment/animals, 1987–2011
Giving to environment/animals, 1987–2011
• Environment/animals = $7.81 billion in 2011
• Increase of 4.6 percent (1.4 percent, adjusted for inflation)
• 3 percent of total estimated giving in 2011
•This subsector began to be tracked separately in 1987.
• Increased large gifts in 2011 to support continued cleanup efforts in the
Gulf of Mexico likely contributed to the increase in 2011.35
• Includes organizations focused on environmental preservation and
conservation, wilderness and community open space, animal care,
conservation and protection (including zoos and aquariums), and
pollution abatement and control, among others.
Giving by type of recipient: Percentage of the total in five-year
spans,1972–2011
Giving by type of recipient: Percentage of the total in five-year
spans,1972–2011
• Charitable giving to religious organizations has been decreasing as a
share of total giving since the 1982–1986 period, when it reached 57.8
percent of the total. In the last five-year period, 2007–2011, total religious
giving comprised 34.3 percent of the total, an 8 percent decrease since the
five-year period beginning in 2002.
• Giving to human services organizations has been on the rise since the
five-year period beginning in 1987, with an average rate of increase of 16.9
percent for the share of giving in each five-year period.
• The fastest growth area in the past five years has been giving to
international organizations (at 6.9 percent of the 2007–2011 total, up from
4.6 percent in the prior five years).
• Giving to foundations grew to 10.8 percent of the 2007–2011 total, up
from 9.5 percent in the prior five years.
Total giving by type of recipient in five-year spans, 1972–2011
Total giving by type of recipient in five-year spans, 1972–2011
• After adjusting for inflation, giving to most types of charity in the 2007–2011 timespan exceeded the amount in the prior five years. The exceptions are giving to
religious, public-society benefit, and arts organizations.
• Giving to human services grew to an estimated $176.1 billion in the five years from
2007 through 2011, after totaling $157.8 billion in the prior five-year span.
• Giving to educational organizations has slowed considerably since its peak in the
1997–2001 period. Total inflation-adjusted giving in the five-year periods beginning in
2002 and 2007 rose only 11.5 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively, from the
previous five-year periods.
• Giving to health grew to an estimated $127.1 billion in the five years from 2007
through 2011, after totaling $113.0 billion in the prior five-year span.
• Recently, giving to the environment/animals subsector has realized slower growth
since its peak in the five-year period beginning in 1997, when it saw an increase in
received contributions of 86.4 percent from the previous five-year period.
Number of volunteers in millions of people,
2002–2010
Number of volunteers in millions of people,
2002–2010
• The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS)
estimates that 62.8 million adults volunteered in 2010. This is a decrease
of 0.9 percent from 2009, but it is an increase of 1.6 percent from
2008.37-41
• Giving USA does not track the value of volunteer labor, but one
approximation can be developed using national data about the number of
hours volunteered, as well as the rate per volunteer hour developed by
Independent Sector.
– The estimate is approximately 8.1 billion hours times $21.79
per volunteer hour, for a total value to nonprofit organizations of
about $173 billion in 2010.
Volunteer rate, 2002–2010
Volunteer rate, 2002–2010
• While the number of volunteers has decreased in recent years, the
average number of hours volunteered has increased. CNCS indicates
that the median number of hours volunteered increased from 50 hours in
2009 to 52 hours in 2011.42-43
• Rates of volunteering by those in the Generation X age group rose 5
percent between 2009 and 2010. In 2010, these volunteers contributed
2.3 billion hours of service.
The number of 501(c)(3) organizations, 2002–2011
The number of 501(c)(3) organizations, 2002–2011
• The number of organizations continues to increase. However, not all
organizations register with the IRS. Some register only at the state level;
many grassroots organizations do not register at all.
• Tax-exempt nonprofit organizations are required to register with the IRS
(Form 1023) within 90 days of the end of the first calendar year in which
they have total revenue of $5,000 or more.44
• In 2011, the number of 501(c)(3) charitable organizations dropped
considerably from 2010—from 1.28 million to 1.08 million—a decline of
15.6 percent.45
References
1.To provide the most accurate estimates for charitable giving, as new data become
available Giving USA revises its estimates for total giving for at least the last two years.
See more about how Giving USA calculates charitable giving by sources and uses in the
“Brief summary of methods used” section of this report.
2. This is according to analysis by Giving USA of independent and family foundation
grantmaking between 2004–2009, based on reports issued by Foundation Center at www.
foundationcenter.org. The proportion of giving by family foundations to independent
foundations between 2004 and 2009 ranges from 56 percent to 62 percent.
3. Same as note 1.
4. Same as note 1.
5. Giving USA uses the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to calculate rates of inflation at http://
www.bls.gov/data/#calculators. Figures published in Giving USA 2012 are in 2011 dollars.
6. Same as notes 1 and 5.
7. Same as note 1.
8. Same as note 5.
9. Same as note 1.
10. Same as note 5.
References
11. Giving USA does not use consumer confidence as a variable in its econometric model
for estimating giving by individuals.“United States Consumer Confidence,” Trading
Economics, accessed May 2012 from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/unitedstates/consumer-confidence.
12.Giving USA does not use the unemployment rate as a variable in its econometric model
for estimating giving by individuals. “United States Unemployment Rate,” Trading
Economics, accessed May 2012 from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/
unemployment-rate.
13. “Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Product Type,” Bureau of Economic
Analysis, 2012, Table 2.3.5, accessed May 2012 from
http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_nipa.cfm.
14. See more about how Giving USA calculates giving by individuals in the “Brief summary
of methods used” section of this report.
15. See more about how Giving USA calculates giving by bequest in the “Brief summary of
methods used” section of this report.
16. Foundation Center provided 2011 data on giving by foundations of all types in April
2012.
17. Same as note 2.
References
18. See more about how Giving USA calculates giving by corporations in the “Brief
summary of methods used” section of this report. Grantmaking by corporations data
provided by Foundation Center in April 2012.
19. “Gross Domestic Product,” Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2012, Table 1.1.5, accessed
May 2012 from http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_nipa.cfm; “Corporate Profits Before Tax by
Industry,”Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2012, Table 6.17D, accessed May 2012 from http://
www.bea.gov/iTable/index_nipa.cfm.
20. These preliminary findings are based upon data from the Committee Encouraging
Corporate Philanthropy’s Corporate Giving Standard (CGS), an online philanthropy
measurement and benchmarking tool for participating companies. CECP, in association
with The Conference Board, will produce the annual data analysis report, “Giving in
Numbers, 2012 Edition,” available as a free download in fall 2012;
www.CorporatePhilanthropy.org.
21. Same as note 2.
22. J. Downes and J. E. Goodman (Eds.), Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms, 8th
Edition, 2010, Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.
23. “Gross Domestic Product,” Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2012, Table 1.1.5, accessed
May 2012 from http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_nipa. cfm.
References
24. A 2012 Giving USA Spotlight analyzed economic factors associated with million-dollar
giving and found that trends in the S&P 500 are statistically significantly related to the
number of million-dollar gifts given in the same time period or one quarter later. Go to www.
givingUSAreports.org for more information about this Spotlight, titled “Trends in MillionDollar-Plus Gifts Made by Individuals, 2000–2010.”
25. S&P 500 Index, Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, data
accessed April 2012 from http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/
series/SP500/downloaddata?cid=32255.
26. Personal Income and its Disposition, Table 2.1, data accessed April 2011 at
www.bea.gov.
27. “Corporate Profits Before Tax by Industry,” Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2012, Table
6.17D, accessed May 2012 from http://www.bea. gov/iTable/index_nipa.cfm.
28. See the “Giving to religion” chapter in this report for thorough analysis of these trends.
29. These estimates include a significant portion of organizations reporting charitable
dollars received between late summer/fall 2010 and the first half of 2011 and excluding the
last half of 2011. Giving USA estimates for the calendar year and does not tabulate giving
directly to higher educational institutions, only to their foundations and charitable arms.
“2012 Voluntary Support for Education Survey” (VSE), Council for Aid to Education, 2012,
www.cae.org.
References
30. “2012 Council for Advancement and Support of Education Fundraising Index,” CASE,
Jan. 2012, www.case.org.
31. The 2011 Million Dollar List, The Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University, www.
milliondollarlist.org. The Million Dollar List, because it is based on media reports, is not a
scientific sample of gifts, nor does it include all gifts of $1 million or more. It is estimated
that the gifts on the Million Dollar List represent one-quarter of all donations of $1 million or
more. The Million Dollar List is updated constantly and, thus, figures are subject to change.
32. “Fidelity Charitable Reports Record-Breaking Year in Both Grants to Nonprofits and
New Charitable Contributions,” January 24, 2012, www.fidelitycharitable.org; “Schwab
Charitable Sees Increased Level of Giving and Granting,” December 14, 2011,
www.schwabcharitable.org; “Vanguard Charitable Reports Record Contributions and Rise
in Corporate and Private Foundation Participation for Calendar Year 2011,” January 25,
2012, www.vanguardcharitable.org.
33. Same as note 31.
34. Katie Roeger, Amy Blackwood, and Sarah Pettijohn, “The Nonprofit Sector in Brief:
Public Charities, Giving, and Volunteering,” The Urban Institute, September 2011,
www.urban.org.
35. Same as note 31.
36. Pertaining to the last sentence only: same as note 34.
References
37. Corporation for National and Community Service, “Volunteering in America 2011,”
accessed April 2012, http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/national.
38. Independent Sector, “National Value of Volunteer Time,” accessed May 2012, http://
www.independentsector.org/volunteer_time.
39. Corporation for National and Community Service, “New Report: Americans Devote 8.1
Billion Hours to Volunteering in 2010,” August 8, 2011,
http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/assets/resources/VIA2011NationalPressRelease
080811FINAL.pdf.
40. Same as note 38.
41. Same as note 37.
42. Same as note 39.
43. Same as note 39.
44. “Applying for 501(c)(3) Tax-Exempt Status,” accessed May 2012, IRS,
http://www.irs.gov/ pub/irs-pdf/p4220.pdf.
45. Internal Revenue Service, 2011 Data Book, October 1, 2010 to September 30, 2011,
accessed May 2012, http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/11databk.pdf.
Giving USA 2012 Executive Summary
Download the Giving USA 2012
free Executive Summary and purchase other
Giving USA products at
www.givingUSAreports.org
Installing electrical power at Sunflower Orphanage with foreign and local volunteers, including
orphaned young men, in Huayllabamba, Cusco, Peru. Sunflower Orphanage was funded by
Generations Humanitarian, a U.S.-based nonprofit located in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Photographer: Van Evans, a Center on Philanthropy doctoral student.
Van is the executive director of Generations Humanitarian
Giving USA 2012
The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year
2011
END OF PRESENTATION
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