U.S. Monster Review
Terms Specific to each President& Era
Hamilton
v.
(Federalist)
Jefferson
-cabinet-advisors to Washington—headed different
Executive Departments
-Jefferson-Secretary of State
-Hamilton-Secretary of Treasury
-Hamilton v Jefferson- (see chart)
-Washington tended to side with Hamilton
because his goal was to keep US thriving &
business did this
(Democratic-Rep.)
Economy
Business
Agriculture
Interpretation of Const.
loose
Strict
(Dem. Rep. were strict to protect
Themselves from Feds. Who controlled gov)
(Jefferson is not so strict
once he becomes Pres. Ex:
Supporters
Louisiana Purchase)
farmers, workers
merchants , clergy, lawyers
National Bank
YES
NO
Representative
Democracy
(who would vote)
Elite
Common Man
Supremacy
National government
State government
French Revolution
sided with British
Sided with French
-National Bank-Hamilton’s idea to keep people’s and
government’s money—could loan money out and make
money off of it
-Whiskey Rebellion-tax put whiskey—angered W.
farmers and those who bought Whiskey
-Fed. Gov. sent in troops & put down revolt
-Introduction of tariffs
-Tariff of 1789-raise US $ by taxing imports &
shippers—angered & hurt S.
-Treaty of Greenville-w/ Native Americans—gave US
Ohio & Indiana Territory
-Neutrality in British & French conflict-we keep trading
with both countries
-gets us involved b/c Britain and France are
attacking our ships
--Jay’s Treaty-w/ Britain—would still attack
US ships going to France but would trade with
US
-Pinckney’s Treaty-w/ Spain—US could use
Mississippi R.
J. Adams
1797-1801
-XYZ Affair-French Diplomats refused to negotiate
with US Diplomats until US paid bribes to XYZ
-cause Quasi War-2 year undeclared war
with France
-Convention of 1800-ends Q war
-Alien & Sedition Acts-to keep aliens from
supporting Republicans—to keep republicans from
saying anything bad about Feds.
-VA & Kentucky Resolutions-(response to
Alien/Sed Acts)
-Nullification-fed. Gov. passed law that
was unconstitutional states could declare
law invalid
-Midnight Judges-before he left office, Q. Adams
appointed all Federalist judges to Supreme Court
since Jefferson was a Dem. Republican
G. Washington
1789-1797
-Farewell Address-3 warnings
-NO foreign ties
-NO Sectionalism
-NO political parties
-avoid sectionalism
Thomas Jefferson
1801-1809
-Election of 1800-close, tie in House—Jeff. Said
Impressment-Britain kidnapped US and made them serve on
If elected would not fire federalists in power—or get their ships
Rid of Hamilton’s financial plan
-resulted in Embargo 1807-gov. ban on trade w/
-Bloodless Revolution-Federalists respected people’s
other countries
Right to elect Pres.
-hurt US and removed ban except for Britain/
-Election of 1800 demonstrated power could be peacefully
France
transferred between pol. Parties
-Louisiana Purchase-Jefferson takes advantage of getting more
Land to add to US (shows how his strict interpretation had become looser)
-US doubled & gained control of Mississippi
-Lewis & Clark-trace Missouri R and find route to Pacific
“Corps of Discovery”—traced Columbia R. to Pacific
-Marshall Court-Chief Justice who made S.C. very powerful
& independent branch of government
-Marbury v Madison-Judicial Review
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
1
J. Madison
1809-1817
J. Monroe
1817-1825
Impressment & seizing ships
-trying to avoid War
-Macon’s Bill #2-whoever stops take ships first, we will start
Trading with again
-France stops first
-British economy was hurting b/c US not buying stuff
-because of Britain not stopping seizing ships—Congress declares war
War 1812
-US & GB
-Warhawks-wanted war (Henry Clay, JC Calhoun)
Era of Good Feelings-time of harmony in politics
-only 1 major political party had power-Republicans
-Federalists lost power b/c of public’s disapproval of
Hartford Convention
Adam’s Onis Treaty-Spain gave all of Florida to US
-Hartford Convention-Federalists opposed war met in New England
-talk about secession
-called for Amendments to increase region’s political power
-beginnings of the end for the Federalist party
-Francis Scott Key-“Star Spangled Banner”
Missouri Compromise-keep slave and free states balances
Missouri slave state
Maine free state
-36’30 parallel—anything N is free, S is slave
Monroe Doctrine-prevented other nations from interfering in Latin
America
-stopped foreign alliances for awhile—following
Washington’s orders
-Battle of New Orleans-made Andrew Jackson a hero
-fought after treaty is signed
-Treaty of Ghent-ended War 1812—nothing changed hands, everything stayed same as was
b/4 war
Clay’s American System-improve US
-National Bank
-protective tariffs
-internal improvements
J. Q. Adams
1825-1829
-Election of 1824
Favorite Sons
W. Crawford-South
H. Clay-West
JQ Adams-N
A Jackson-West
-outcome: Jackson won popular
No candidate won in electoral college
Goes to House and Adams wins
-Corrupt Bargain-accusations that Adams made deal with
Clay that if he (as speaker of house) swayed votes, Clay
could be Adams Secretary of State
Tariff of Abominations-hurt S and South Carolina and they threatened
to succeed
Andrew Jackson
1829-1837
-won election of 1828 against Q Adams
Spoils System
-appointed people who were loyal to Jackson to gov. jobs
Nullification & Succession threat
-SC threatens to succeed over Tariff of Abominations
-Jackson’s VP JC Calhoun suggests Nullification-made Jackson mad but after some heat,
situation diffused
Indian Removal Act-provided $ to relocate Native Americans
Worchester v Georgia-Cherokee of Georgia refused
To go
-ruled to honor their property rights
-Trail of Tears-Indian journey west
National Bank-thought bank was a monopoly, abused power-HATED IT
-vetoed the new charter for the bank & too out all gov. funds
-“Pet banks”-state banks that he favored—put gov. funds here
Mayesville Road
White Male Suffrage-all white males gained right to vote-property ownership was eliminated a qualification to vote
Texas War for Independence
-Alamo-Texans held off Santa Anna for 15 days and it was
during this time that they declared themselves independent
from Mexico
-Jackson refused to make it a state because he did not want
to increase tensions b/t N &S
-Jackson signed a resolution stating Texas was independent
Martin Van Buren
1837-1841
-Panic of 1837-crippling econ. Crisis that was a shadow over his presidency—caused because of Jackson’s bank decisions
--newly formed Whig party gains strength
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
2
William H. Harrison
1841
-war hero –1st Whig President
-1st pres. To die in office--dies
after 1 month
John Tyler
1841-1845
-1st VP to succeed President
-Webster-Ashburton Treatyformal line between US and Canada
Zachary Taylor
1849-1850
Cali becomes state
--nation is fighting over whether it
should be slave or free
James K. Polk
1845-1849
-Expansionist—promised to annex Texas & Oregon & buy California
-Manifest Destiny-(see chart)
-“54’40 or fight”
-Polk supporters cry referring to wanting all of Oregon as part of US
-Texas Annexation-really pushed through by Tyler b/4 leaving office but Polk dealt with results
-Rio Grade v. Neuces River Boarder –
-where would the boarder be with Mexico? US wanted Rio Grande(would give us more territory)
-California
-Polk wanted Cali. But this was Mexico’s
-Mexican-American War
-Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
-US gained Cali, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, prts Col. & Wyoming
(Mexican Cession)
-SHOULD THESE NEW LANDS ALLOW SLAVERY?
Wilmont Proviso-any territory that US gained from Mexico should not be slave states
-obviously made S made—this Proviso divided country
-Popular Sovereignty-leave it up to the states was the counter argument
-49ers-gold miners running to Cali.
Franklin Pierce
1853-1857
Millard Fillmore
1850-1853
-Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay
-grouped into 2’s to offer concessions to both N& S
-Cali is free
-Utah and New Mexico-Pop Sov to determine
-slave trade but not slavery itself abolished in DC
-federal enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act
-Gadsden Purchase-gave southern part of
Arizona and New Mexico
to US
Kansas-Nebraska Act-made open
for settlement
Bleeding Kansas-freesoilers and pro slavery
settlers rushed to Kansas to
be majority-antislavery
settlers attacked
Sectionalism—Long Term Causes Civil War
States’ Rights
Debate over slavery-pro v anti should slavery expand to new territories?
Nullification-Tariff laws
slavery issues-S threatens to nullify
Any anti slavery laws
Sectionalism-issues are very regional split N & S
-industrial N
agricultural S
Compromise 1820-drew line to determine future areas of slavery
Compromise 1850-Wilmont Proviso-Cali is free state—stricter Fugitive Slave Act
Underground RR-network of abolitionists who helped slaves escape
Fugitive Slave Law-allowed slave catchers to go into free areas and capture
runaways
-made crime to help any runaway
-angered abolitionists
Sectionalism
Short Term Causes Civil War
Uncle Tom’s Cabin-book depicting evils of slavery
-Harriet Beecher Stowe
Kansas Nebraska Act-popular Sovereignty
Leads to Bleeding Kansas
Caning of Charles Sumner in Senate-antislavery
Brooks-pro slavery
Dred Scott v Sanford-blacks not citizens
Can’t ban slavery
Missouri Compromise is illegal
Republican Party-anti slavery Whigs and Free-soilers
formed new antislavery party
-official policy was to oppose growth and spread of slavery
Lincoln Douglas Debates-debate over slavery issues
Freeport Doctrine-refuse to pass laws to enforce
slavery—to keep slavery out
John Brown’s Raid-extreme abolitionist
-Harper’s Ferry-arm slaves attempt
-S thought Brown represented N who
wanted control of S lifestyle
Lincoln Election-cause SC secession
-promises to stop slavery spread but not end it in S
Secession
-Confederate States of America-Jefferson Davis
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti 3
Manifest Destiny
Mormons
-founded by Joseph Smith
-Brigham Young-led group to
Utah in 1847
Western Lands
-Indian conflicts
Removal Act
Broken treaties
-Oregon Trail-Donner Party
Way wagons could
travel west
“54-40 or Fight”
-theory that US should expand
west
Texas
-Stephen Austin-leads settles
-Mexico tries to regain control of Texas
-Mexico fears plot by US to claim Texas
-Texan War for IndependenceAlamo
-1836 becomes “Lonestar Republic”
-Sam Houston is president of Texas
Mexican War
Additional Area
-California Gold Rush
-gold found at Sutter’s Mill
-led to Cali statehood
-Texas finally annexed in 1845
-boarder dispute arises with
Mexico
-Zachary Taylor
-Mexican Cession-California,
Nevada, NM, Arizona, Utah,
Colorado, Wyoming
Era of Reform
1800’s
Societal Change
-2nd Great Awakening
-period of religious revival after 1800
-Charles Finney-tent meeting revival
-Utopian Communities
-communal societies based on everyone
working together (Brook Farm)
Transcendentalism
-belief in a simple lifestyle
-Walt Whitman-“leaves of grass”
Ralph Waldo Emerson-“selfreliance”
Henry David Thoreau
“Civil Disobedience”
Institution Reform
-Dorthea Dix-help for the mentally ill
-helped start several mental hospitals
Prison reform-meant to rehabilitate or
help people fix their lives
Life Under Slavery
American Culture
Rural slavery
Plantations, field work, house work
Urban slavery
Skilled labor, more freedoms
Romanticism
James Fenimore Cooper-“Last of Mohicans”
Nathanial Hawthorne-“Scarlet Letter”
Washington Irving- “Sleepy Hollow”
Herman Melville-“Moby Dick”
Edgar Allen Poe-“Raven”
Emily Dickinson-poet
Alex Tocqueville-“Democracy in America”
Hudson River School
landscape painters of NY
Transcendentalism
Ralph W Emerson
HD Thoreau
PAINT AND WRITE ABOUT AMERICAN THINGS
Abolitionists
Those opposing slavery
William Lloyd Garrison-“the Liberator”
David Walker-freedom by force
Frederick Douglas-“North Star”
Education
-one room schools
-few educated beyond 10 years old
-Horace Mann-advocated public
education for everyone
-Noah Webster-development of
American dictionary
-emancipation
-gradual
-immediate
-religious reasons, morally wrong to have slaves, values of Constitution
Rebellion
Nat Turner-led slave revolt—scared many slave holders
-led to greater control of slaves
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
Pro-slavery
-new fear of revolts
-black codes-begin
-believed Bible backed up having slavery
-“happy” plantation myth
4
Mid 1800’s
Reform, Continued
Women in Society
-cult of domesticity
-husband, children, home, church
-could not vote
-could not own property, make $ if married
Women’s Movement
-Seneca Falls Convention-women’s rights convention
Catherine Beecher-Oberlan College
Elizabeth Blackwell-health reform
Women Reformers
Suffrage & Abolitionism
Grimke sisters
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B Anthony
Sojouner Truth-ex slave “Ain’t I a woman?”
Immigration
Temperance-move to ban alcohol
Markets Expand
-by mid 1800’s people were no longer totally self-sufficient
-buy products from others
-standard of living rose
Lots of immigrants
Mostly Irish and German
Most settled in groups
Low wages of immigrants caused problems
with other workers—Nativism
Know-Nothing Party
Transportation Improves
Robert Fulton-steam powered ships
Many canals built after Erie Canal
Railroad growth
Factories
Inventions Improve
-Charles Goodyear
Vulcanized rubber
-IM Singer
Sewing machines
-Samuel Morse
Telegraph
Morse code
James Buchanan
1857-1861
-secession of 1st 7 Confederate states
SC
Mississippi
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
Florida
Agriculture Inventions
John Deere-steel plows
Cyrus McCormick
mechanical reaper
Thomas Edisos-lights
-development of industry
Industrial Revolution
Decline of skilled labor
Growth of urban areas
Lowell Textile Mills-factory system
Strict control over factory workers lives
Long working hours
Child labor
Poor ventilation/lighting
Unsafe conditions
-development of labor unions and strikes
Thomas Edisos-lights
Abraham Lincoln
1861-1865
Election of 1860-cause secession
Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus-do not need court order to put person in jail
-used to stop dissent in states
Copperheads-Northern Democrats who wanted peace with South
Civil War-N v S
Assassinated
-5 days after Lee surrenders to Grant
-John Wilkes Booth
Sic Semper Tyrannis “thus it ever to tyrants”
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
5
Andrew Johnson
1865-1869
Civil War
-power of federal gov is supreme
-income tax first used
-citizens drafted into service-Conscription
-civil liberties suppressed
-becomes President after Lincoln is assassinated
Reconstruction-How are we going to put S back together
Lincoln Plan-preserve Union, forgive Confederates (amnesty)
-10% of state must take oath of allegiance to Union b/4 can become a state
Radical Plan
-Thaddeus Stevens, Sumner
-Wade Davis Bill-Congress be in charge of reconstruction
-harsher plan than Lincoln’s
-majority of state must take oath of allegiance
Reconstruction Act 1867-can override Pres. , military rule of S, protect former slaves,
former Confederate leaders banned from office
-Freedman’s Bureau-set up to help slaves get jobs, provide clothing, shelter
-Congress passes 13th, 14th Amendments—slaves free, citizenship
-15th-all male suffrage
Economic Changes
-growth of war related industry
-N industry grew stronger
-S economy is destroyed
-must be rebuilt-Reconstruction
Costs of War
-deaths
-U-360,000
-C-260,000
-1/2 mill wounded
-$20 billion
IN the South
-Black Codes-black denied rights, grandfather clause, poll tax
New Government in South
-Carpetbaggers-those who moved from North to help ex slaves and teach
-Scalawags-those who took advantage of S—were there to make $
Warfare Changes
-new weapons
-rifles
-mini ball
-grenades
-submarine
-iron clad ships
-Monitor
-Merrimack
Johnson is Impeached
-Johnson fights with Radicals
-violates Tenure of Office Act 1867-fires cabinet member who sides with Radicals
-is impeached but is acquitted & finishes out term
U. Grant
1869-1877
War begins at Fort Sumter-1861
-Antietam-bloodiest single day of war
-victory that leads to
Emancipation
Proclamation-freed slaves
Still in rebellion (made war
About slavery)
-Gettysburg is turning pt. war
-Sherman’s March-total war
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court
House April 1865
-Union General from Civil War
-15th Amendment-male suffrage
-black voting
Scandals
-Whiskey Ring-Grant’s dishonest friends who would advice him
-Credit Mobilier- construction company working on the RR had taken government
profits—one of these was Grant’s Vice President
-these scandals shadowed Grant’s presidency
U-Anaconda Plan
C-attack and invade N
R. B. Hayes
1877-1881
-REPUBLICAN
-ran against Democrat
Votes close but Tilden won popular vote but lost electoral college (1 st time in history)
-Compromise of 1877-deal is made that Hayes can be president if military is removed
from S
-Republicans agree and Hayes remove troops from S
-END OF RECONSTRUCTION!!!
South
-Homerule-ability to run state gov without fed gov help
-result is discrimination—black codes stricter
-KKK
-Jim Crow Era
-segregation, Poll Tax, Grandfather Clause
-Plessy v Ferguson-separate but equal
-New South
-from cotton to INDUSTRY
-Sharecropping replaces slavery
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
6
Lives Change
-13th Amendment-bans slavery
--urban pop grow
Many move west
-many families destroyed by soldier deaths
The West
Native Americans
American Interests
-Homestead Act 1862-gave 160 acres to any
person who would cultivate it for 5 years—
helped settle W
-Transcontinental RR-massacre of buffalo
Herds
-brought Chinese & Irish immigrants
to help build
-treaties with Indians were broken
-forced onto reservations
-uprising
-Sand Creek Massacre
-Little Big Horn-Custer’s last stand
Assimilation of Native Americans
-“Americanize”-be more like whites
-Dawes Act-gave 160 acres
-Wounded Knee-massacre of several hundred Sioux
-Indian era comes to end
Ranching and Mining
-open range
-ended because of invention of barbed wire
-Boom Towns
-miners would rush in
-once gold depleted, Ghost Towns
-Dime Novels-told tales of W
Farming Inventions
-deeper wells
-steel plow
Morrill Land Grant-gave fed money to help finance agricultural colleges
-farming declines
-rise of industry
-urbanization
-end of open range
-great debts
-RR rates and charges
“Century of Dishonor” Helen Hunt Jackson
-book written about Indians and injustice
done to them
Populism
Farmer’s Problems
Free Silver Crusade
-weather-drought
-nation enters recession in 1893
-falling prices
-many want silver and gold standard for currency
-increasing debt
-would create larger money supply
-dependent upon RR’s that
-Greenbacks-issued based on silver and gold reserves
Were charging too much
-need for cheaper $ (inflation, deflation)
“Raise less corn and more hell…”
~Mary Elizabeth Lease
Grange
-set up to stop RR abuses
-Interstate Commerce Act-gov. regulates RR
-pushed for currency reform
Populists-political party
-took place of Grange
-strong support in Midwest
-wanted reform
-direct election senators
-8 hour workday
-silver standard
-secret ballots
-immigration control
End of Populism
-1896 election
-WJBryan & McKinnley
-“Cross of Gold” speech
-Bryan stands for silver standard
-McKinley is elected—ends
populism
J Garfield &Chester Arthur
1881-1885
-Garfield shot after 1 year in office
Hayes & Arthur want reform in patronage (spoils system)
Stalwart-person who was a political boss and appointed people to gov positions (used patronage to get themselves
Elected)
Halfbreed-name given to the Republican reformers who wanted to change the patronage system
Pendleton Act
-Jackson started the Spoils system
-reformers at the end of the 1800’s wanted this to change
-thought corrupt
-Civil Service-hire those who are qualified to do gov. jobs
-ppl. Had to take examination
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
7
Industrial Development
Big Business
(Gilded Age)
US Industrial World Leader
Entrepreneurs/Inventions
-late 1800’s saw explosion of inventions and innovation
Bessemer Process-STEEL!! (refined iron into steel)
Telephone-Alexander Graham Bell
Light Bulb-Thomas Edison
Electric Power
Typewriter
Retail Stores
canned food
photography
-US is world’s leading producer of goods:
-unlimited labor force
-abundant coal supply
-iron mining
-discovery of oil in US-Edwin Drake
-RR development
-high tariffs protected US business—ppl bought US
stuff
-laissez-faire economics
-immigration supplied labor
John D Rockefeller-Standard Oil
Carnegie-STEEL
JP Morgan-banking
C Vanderbilt-Railroads
James B Duke-electrical power
George Westinghouse-invented airbreaks for RR
Railroads
-“iron horse”
-better transportation of consumer goods
-Transcontinental RR
-standard of time—time zones
-created towns throughout country
-landgrants-RR gave land to people to make money
so RR could be built
RR Scandals
-Credit Mobilier
-stock fraud
-strikes-Pullman strike
Robber Barons
Big Business
Types of Big Business
-corporations develop
-public investment in corporations
-mass market selling
Disadvantages:
-corruption, bribery, monopolies,
destroy labor union movements
Public Reaction:
-Social Darwinism-survival of fittest
-best businesses survive
-Gospel of Wealth
-Horatio Alger
-rags to riches novels
-inspired people
Labor
Working conditions
-sweatshops
-low wages
-long hours
-dangerous
-child labor
-mostly assembly line work
-unskilled labor
-people who made extreme profits by
having monopolies or
EX: Carnegie, Jay Gould (RR
owner who practiced insider
trading)
Monopoly-business controls supply of product
-no competition—prices high
Trust-several businesses act as one
-Standard Oil
Merger-businesses combine
Holding Company-businesses that controls
other businesses as parent company
Horizontal Integration-monopoly that
controls all of SAME type of business
EX: Oil
Vertical Integration-monopoly that controls
all businesses related to primary business
EX: Meat industry—own cattle,
slaughterhouse, RR cars, packing
plants, delivery wagons
-public begins to call for regulation
-Sherman Anti-trust Act 1890-weak
but set up precedent for getting rid of
trusts and monopolies—gov.
involvement
Clayton Anti Trust Act 1914strenthens Sherman Anti Trust Act
Workers Unite
Labor Unions
--tried to improve conditions for workers
-used Strikes
-Collective Bargaining
-Arbitration
-owners countered with:
-Blacklists
-lockouts
Yellow Dog Contract
-American Federation of Labor (Samuel Gompers)
-only allowed skilled labor to join
-made strikes good weapons for unions
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
8
Eugene v Debbs
-united RR workers
Pullman Coach Strike
-gov. steps in Debbs is jailed
-Debbs leaves prison as Socialist
Haymarket Square Riot
-Chicago Strike—bomb thrown at protestors
-several union leaders convicted/executed
-led to decrease in union activity
Triangle Shirtwaist fire-led to gov. regulations
such as open fire exits
Immigration
-more immigrants coming from
Eastern Europe, Asia, Hispanic
immigration
Ellis Isle—Europeans
Angel Isle-Asians
-Chinese exclusion Act
-many immigrants settled in cities
Tenement houses
Urban Experience
(What was it like in the city?)
Government Corruption
-many people saw gov jobs as way to get wealthy
-graft, kickbacks, fraud
-leads to political machines-party comes to dominate area
-offers rewards for voting for that person—helped many poor
-political machine boss controlled many jobs, services
-Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall
-exposed by political cartoonist Thomas Nast
-immigrants kept political machines in power by
voting for them
Urban Problems
-rising crime rates
-few city services
-no sewer
-no sanitation
-fires
-Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives”
-Jane Addams---Hull House, Chicago
Tammany Hall
G Cleveland
1885-1889, 1893-1897
-serves 2 nonconsecutive terms
Mugwumps-Cleveland supporters who
supported reform issues such as patronage
Hawaii-Queen is removed from throne
-Cleveland strongly opposed
imperialism but Hawaiian leaders
would not leave the island
-US wanted naval base at Pearl
US Empire
PPG
Alaska-1867
-purchased from Russia
Hawaii 1898
Philippines
-become independent after
WWII
Puerto Rico-become territory of US
-people become US citizens
in 1917
Guam
W. McKinley
1897-1901
Imperialism, Imperialism, Imperialism
-economic and political domination of a stronger nation over a weaker one
-why did we imperialize????
-DESIRE FOR NEW MARKETS
-opened the door for us to trade with China
-Spheres of Influence-foreign nation controls economic dev. there
-Open Door Policy-all countries should be able to trade w/ China
-FEELING OF SUPERIORITY
-Alfred T Mahan-“Influence of Sea Power on History”—need for
strong navy
White Man’s Burden
Spanish American War
-Spanish rule Cuba
-rule very harshly
-Yellow Journalism-exaggerated stories written by newspapers in order to
Attract readers
W Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
-newspapers were publishing this info about Spain in Cuba
-US sends USS Maine to observe—BLOWN UP!!
-George Dewey captures Philippines
-Teddy Roosevelt & Rough Riders-Cuba
-Jingoism-extreme nationalism
-Treaty of Paris-1898 ends war
Puerto Rico is part of US
US buys Philippines
Platt Amendment-US gets certain economic interests in Cuba—US sort of controls Cuba
Boxer Rebellion-Pilipino people rebel against US presence there
Open Door Policy-keep trade open with CHINA
Spheres of Influence-one country has significant impact of development of another country
Ex: Cuba and US
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
9
Teddy Roosevelt (Progressive President)
1901-1909
Panama Canal-US wants a shortcut through S America
WH Taft (Progressive Pres.)
1909-1913
Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy-Big Stick
-militaristic
Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
-US will be only nation who intervenes in Latin America
Big Stick-more bully-like
Great White Fleet
Bull Moose Party-Roosevelt’s progressive party when he decides to
run for 3rd term
Conservation
Gifford Pinchot-appointed as Head of Forest Service
-Roosevelt put millions of acres of land under federal protection
Dollar Diplomacy
-less emphasis on military force
-helping Latin American Industry
-would help US and LA
Racial Discrimination at the turn of the Century
-Voting Discrimination
Segregation
Literacy tests
Jim Crow Laws--lynching
Poll taxes
Plessy v Ferguson
Grandfather clause
Booker T Washington
WEB Du Bois
-founded Tuskegee Institute
-demanded full rights NOW!
-gradual improvement was the goal
-helped found NAACP
-wanted blacks to be educated
Turn of the Century Life
Urban Technology
/Inventions
Entertainment
-Skyscrapers
-elevators
-bridges
-electric transit systems
-baseball
-boxing
-vaudeville, circus
-ragtime music
-motion pictures (no
color, no words)
Wright Brothers-1st flight
Education
-most city children are attending school
-increase in high schools
-small number of students attending
college
-Morrill Land Grant
Leisure Time
Amusement Parks
Coney Island
Hershey Bars
Coca Cola
Progressive Movement at turn of the Century
“We want Change!!”
Reforms Continue
Socialist Ideas
-populists
-Suffragists
-Temperance
Eugene Debbs
-American Socialist Party
Issues that needed Reform
-wealth gap existed—rich and poor
-lack of social services
-Needed Improvements
-social welfare
-moral improvement
-economic reform
-efficiency in gov. & business
Progressive Amendments
16th-income tax
17th-Direct election senators
18th-Prohibition
19th-women’s suffrage
Muckrakers
-wrote about things that needed to be changed
Ida Tarbell-Standard Oil
Upton Sinclair-meatpacking industry—led to FDA
Lincoln Steffens-political machines
Jacob Riis-urban problems (tenements)
Helen Hunt Jackson-mistreatment of Native Americans
Women’s Rights
-more states granting suffrage
Susan b Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucy Stone
-organized protests to gain voting rights
Gov. Reforms
Consumer Reforms
-lets make government more efficient
-Commission system
-utilities should be publically owned
Insurance regulations
zoning laws
Building codes
FDA-food and drug admin.
Labor Reforms
Voting Reforms
-initiatives
referendums
Direct election of senators
Limits on child labor
Limits women’s working hours
recall
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
10
Mexican Revolution
-Pancho Villa-leads group of
guerrillas into US trying to get US to
intervene in Mexico
-John Pershing-is sent to capture
Villa, does not and US withdraws
from Mexico
W Wilson (Progressive Pres.)
1913-1921
Clayton Anti trust Act-stronger law to keep trusts out and protect unions
Moral Diplomacy
-Democracy was crucial to nation’s stability and
it should be promoted to keep a peaceful world
Federal Reserve System
-banks have to keep portion of deposits in
regional banks called Federal Reserve
banks
-provide cushion in case of losses
Fourteen Points “Make world safe 4 Democracy”
-said to Congress—promote trade among countries—no secret
agreements—creation of League of Nations-prevent future wars
-We never joined the League—
WWI
Causes of WWI
-nationalism
-alliance system
-Archduke assassination by Black Hand
Alliances
-Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
-Germany
-Austria Hungary
-Ottoman Empire
Triple Entente (Allies)
-France
-Britain
-Russia
-(US)
-alliances cause chain reaction after assassination
US Neutral
-develops sympathy for Allies
-begins to export war materials
Submarine Warfare begins
-we are Isolationists
US Joins
-Lusitania sinks by subwarfare
-Zimmerman Telegram
-letter from Germany to Mexico asking Mexico to
be German ally and gain back the territory it lost
at the Mexican Cession
-Selective Service-all men had to register for draft
-US troops called Doughboys
-Russia leaves war in 1917
Treaty of Versailles
-Germany had to take blame for war
-Germany had to pay Reparations-$ to Allies for war damages
-Germany could not have military
US Senate rejects the treaty and makes Fourteen Points
-felt like the League was too much entanglement into foreign affairs
-it was still formed without the US
-Senators were led by Henry Cabot Lodge
Stalemate-no one getting anywhere
-Trench Warfare
no man’s land
-new types of warfare
-machine guns
-mustard gas
-airplanes
-tanks
W Harding
1921-1923
Normalcy-return to simpilar ways before WWI
-Isolationist policy
-Washington Naval Conference-proposed no more building of warships
-Kellogg Briand Pact-outlawed war
-new high tariff
-Nativist policy—quota system established
Scandals:
-Tea Pot Dome-gov leased out its oil reserves to private companies for less than
they were worth—embarrasses Harding
-Ohio Gang-poker-playing friends—ones involved in Tea Pot
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
C Coolidge
1923-1929
-pro business and preferred laissez-faire policies
-“the business of America is
business”
11
Things going on during Normalcy
-labor unrest—workers striking-United Mine Workers
Red Scare
-Russian Revolution and it turning Communist
Palmer raids
-hunt for anyone against any form of
Gov.
Sacco & Vanzetti-anarchists accused of
murder and executed
Growth of KKK
Roaring 20’s
Lives of People
Women
--many people living in
cities
-Standard of Living
-airlines develop
-automobile
Travel
Suburbs
-electricity
-flapper-hair, dress, attitude
-clash of conservative values
-families change
-Margaret SangerBirth control
Prohibition
Prosperity
-growth of advertising
-productivity increases
-Assembly line
-Installment planincreases consumption
-banned alcohol
-many people hated law
-gov did not enforce law
-Speakeasies—
drinking clubs
Bootleggers-sold alcohol on
black market
-growth of organized crime
-Al Capone
Science/Religion
Causes of Great Depression
-buying on margin
--stock prices inflated
-stock prices fall
-Black Tuesday-stock market crash
-Fundamentalism-religious movement
focusing on Bible truth
-Aimee Semple McPherson
-Billy Sunday
-Darwin-theory of evolution
-Scopes Trial-teaching evolution
Harlem Renaissance
-literary and artistic movement
-celebrated AA culture
-black nationalism
Marcus Garvey
-overproduction of goods
-too much people bought on credit
-no bank regulations
Langston Hughes
Zora Neal Hurston
Black artists
-Louis Armstrong
-Duke Ellington
-Bessie Smith
Depression Life
-Rural areas
-forclosure of farms
-Dustbowl
Social Effects
-suicides
-mental illness
-dreams forsaken
Cities
-shantytowns called Hoovervilles
-Breadlines
-soup kitchens
Family life
-hardship of women
-men trying to get job
-health of children
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
12
People/Movies
Babe Ruth
Mickey Mouse
Bobby Jones
Charles Lindbergh-1st transAtlantic flight
“Jazz Singer”-first talking movie
George Gershwin-music
Georgia O’Keefe-artists painted
urban landscape and flowers
F Scott Fitzgerald-“Great
Gatsby”—criticized the crazy
lifestyle of the 20’s—coined it the
Jazz Age
FD Roosevelt
1933-1945
How to end the Great Depression?
100Days- FDR’s first 100 days in office Congress passed lots of new legislation to end Depression
-carried out reforms in banking and stock market
-goal was to restore people’s confidence in banks so they would put their money back in them
Fireside Chats-radio talks to public about issues concerning them such as trusting the gov and banks
New Deal-Roosevelt’s many programs put in place to restore economy and put people back to work
-it would be WWII that would end Depression but New Deal helped in the process
Court Packing-wanted to add more Justices to Supreme Court who would pass his legislation
-unconstitutional—some programs were seen as unconstitutional
WWII
-dies in 4th term
New Deal
Alphabet Soup
FDIC-insured people’s money in banks
National Recovery Administration-established codes of fair competition
SEC-securities and exchange commission
-supervised stock market & put regulations in place
Social Security Act-retired pensions, aids ppl w/
disabilities
Agricultural Adjustment Administration-paid farmers to kill crops to raise crop prices
Works Progress Administration-employed artists
Musicians, actors, historians
TVA-Tennessee Valley Authority
-built plants and dams in S trying to bring more industry there
National Labor Relations Act (Wagoner Act)-right to
Unionize—anti-union practices banned
PWA-created jobs on gov projects
Bank Holidays-banks closed until found stable enough
to reopen
CWA-provided work in federal jobs
Culture During New Deal
New Deal Critics
Father Charles Couphlin-heavy taxes on rich to
provide income for poor
Huey Long-level income, home and college for
all
Francis Townsend-proposed income for elderly
Many artists showed reality of Depression
Grant Wood
-American Gothic
John Steinbeck
Grapes of Wrath
Marx Brothers
“Gone with Wind”
“Wizard of Oz”
“Snow White and Seven Dwarfs”
-soap operas
-variety shows and plays
Beginnings of WWII
Pre War Foreign
Policy
-US focused on domestic issues
-extreme antiwar feelings—we do
not want another war like WWI
-Neutrality Acts-forbids arms sales
to warring countries
Rise of Dictators
Japanese Aggression
-Manchuria
-China
-Emperor Hirohito-Tojo
Italy
-Fascism
-Mussolini
Germany
-suffering from Depression
-Hitler—3rd Reich
Russia
-Communism
-Stalin
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
13
Appeasement
-give Hitler what he wants to
avoid war
-Germany rebuilds its military
-wants part of Czechoslovakia
-demanded port in Poland
-Britain and France realize
appeasement will not avoid war
because Hitler would continue
demanding
WWII Begins
Hitler invades Poland in 1939
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Allied Powers
Britain
France
Russia (after Hitler breaks non aggression treaty)
US will join Allies
Japanese invade China in 37
Germany annexes Austria in 38
Germany takes Czechoslovakia in 38
Germany invades Poland in 39
-France & England declare war
-Germany takes France
-Hitler invades Russia—war is now on 2 fronts for Hitler
Blitzkrieg
-lightening warfare—German practice—heavy use of aircraft/machinery
-quick victory in Poland
-Luftwaffe begin bombing Britain
-RAF defends Britain
US Enters WWII
War in Europe
Cash and Carry-pay cash and you pick up your stuff and we will lend
you supplies
Lend Lease-help supply Allies—Arsenal of Democracy
-US has embargo on Japan for actions of aggression in the Pacific—
trying to get Pacific Islands
-US gets warning of possible Japanese attack
-Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is attacked
-US declares war on Japan and Germany & Italy declare
War on US
Selective Service
-draft process
-GI’s went to basic training for 8 weeks
-Women’s Auxiliary Corps-volunteered to be receptionists, typers
-minorities served in segregated units
-Tuskegee Airmen
Homefront
War Production Board-industries retooled to make war supplies
EX: car industry made planes and tanks
Scientists-Manhattan Project-make atomic bomb
-Rosie the Riveter
-propaganda with newsreels of war
-FDR & Churchill meet—Germany is priority
Battle of Atlantic—convoy system
-Russian winter stops German troops
Germany is defeated at Stalingrad
Africa/Italy
-British and American troops invade N Africa to fight against
Germany’s African Corp—led by Erwin Rommel
-US led by Patton there
-Defeat Germany
DDay
-Operation Overlord
-planned by Eisenhower
-paratroopers invade behind enemy lines at Normandy France
-France liberated from Germany control
Battle of Bulge
-last German counter-offensive
-Germany is now in retreat
-massive bombings of German cities
-Roosevelt wins 4th term with Truman as VP
-Soviet armies push into Germany from east
VE Day (Victory in Europe Day)
-Big 3 continue to end war
-death camps found and Holocaust is revealed
-Roosevelt dies and Truman becomes Pres
-Hitler commits suicide as Russia invades Berlin
-German surrender May 5, 1945
Products Rationed
War Bonds sold to give gov money
Japanese Internment-
War in Pacific
-Japanese victories in Pacific
-MacArthur retreats from Philippines
-US bombs Tokyo
-Battle of Midway-Admiral Nimitz
`
lots damage done to Japanese Navy
-Island Hopping-Japanese defended islands with Kamikaze
-Iwo Jima-Okinawa—these 2 warned how much death an invasion of
Japan would cost US
Manhattan Project-led by Oppenheimer—scientists urged gov not to
use Atomic bomb
Truman decides to drop bomb on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
(VJ Day) August 1945
Holocaust
-Germany has anti-Jewish sentiment
-Hitler blames Jews for problems in Germany
-Nuremburg Laws-took away civil rights to Jews (star of David must
be worn)
-Kristallnacht-destruction of Jewish property
Final Solution
-rid Europe of all Jews
-concentration camps set up in Eastern Europe
-either gassed or worked in labor camps
-Auschwitz
-Eli Wiesel “Night”
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
14
Rebuilding World
United Nations formed
Cold War
Potsdam & Yalta-division of Germany into 4 sections
Nuremburg Trials-Nazi’s charged of war crimes (Holocaust)
-General MacArthur-reforms Japan’s economy
-establishes Democracy
-Constitution still exists
E Germany/E Berlin-Communist
W Germany/W Berlin-Democrac
Truman
1945-1953
GI Bill-gave loans to veterans to help them start business, buy homes, go to college
-Integrates the military
Levittown-lots of soldiers buying homes—started making homes on assembly line,
looked exactly the same—Suburbia (cookie-cutter)
Taft Hartly Act-outlawed closed shop (forcing business owners to hire only union
members)—trying to get more people jobs after war
Truman Doctrine-give aid to any nation that needs it to prevent communism from
spreading
Marshall Plan-Europe destroyed by war—devastation made communism more
promising—recovery for Europe—it worked
Berlin Airlift
NATO-partner with Europe
Warsaw Pact –Soviets and satellite countries
Fear of Communism
Alger Hiss & Rosenbergs- accused spies from Soviet Union
Joseph McCarthy goes on witch hunts to find communists
Senate investigations
Army hearings
House of UnAmerican Activities Committee-find people in gov who
communists
-Blacklisting actors and actresses
-Hollywood Ten
-GOAL-to stop spread of communism CONTAINMENT
-Soviet Union is Communist—we are in a cold war (no
fighting) with Soviet Union from 1945-1989
-we are competing in an ARMS race
Iron Curtain-Winston Churchill’s reference to Western
Europe and US separated from Soviet Union
Germany split into 4 zones
-France, Britain, and US combine zones
-Berlin is in Soviet territory
-Berlin Airlift-Soviets cut off supply routes into Berlin
--Big 3 must air drop food and supplies to West
Berlin
-Atomic bomb tested in USSR (scares US)
-Communism spreads to China
-containment is not working
Korean War (1950-53)
-Korea split along 38th parallel
-N invades S Korea
-US enters to save S
-MacArthur (WWII pacific guy)
-China enters on N Korean side
-MacArthur wants to attack China—Truman fires
-war ends in 53 along 38th Parallel
Space Race
-57-USSR develops ICBM’s
-57 USSR Sputnik
US creates NASA
Vietnam
-Ho Chi Minh-N Vietnam Communist
Diem in S-not communist—naturally US sides with S
Eisenhower
1953-1961
-Westmoreland
-Vietcong use guerilla tactics
-trenches, blended in with civilians
-US Search and Destroy
-Napalm, Agent Orange
-Tet Offensive-major attack by Vietcong on their holiday
-public opinion turns
Brinkmanship-go to brink of war for other side to back down
-Massive Retaliation-use nucs to
-bomb shelters built
-“duck and cover”
Sputnik -1st artificial satellite to orbit earth
Protests
-Hawks
Doves
-why are we fighting this war?
-Students for Democratic Society
-war is televised
-hear about My Lai Massacre-hear about Cambodia (seems we are spreading war)
-Kent State
Suez Crisis-US going to help Egypt build damn—US finds out Egypt
had gotten missiles from Communist Czechoslovakia—Britain &
France invade Suez—Soviets threaten to rocket attack
-brink of war
U-2 Incident
-US send spy plane over Soviet Union
-Soviets detect and shoot down
-escalate Cold War
-US leaves in 1973
-Saigon in S Vietnam falls in 1975-Communism spreads
National Highway Act—built highways—cars, cars, cars
-Castro takes over Cuba
Kennedy
1961-1963
Berlin Wall built—split east and west Berlin(symbol of communism)
Bay of Pigs-Castro is Communist (SO CLOSE TO HOME)—attack and failure—Cuba turns to USSR for aid
-Cuban Missile Crisis-USSR places missiles in Cuba—brink of war
New Frontier-help poor, Peace Corps, education, civil rights
-assassinated Nov 22, 1963—Lee Harvey Oswald
-LBJ takes over
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
15
R Nixon
1969-1974
LB Johnson
1963-1969
Vietnam
-Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-Congress permission to take any necessary measure to
prevent aggression against US
-US ship attacked
-Operation Rolling Thunder-bomb Vietnam
-Protest-Hawks v Doves
-opposition to draft
-felt working man’s war—privileged went to college and protested war
1968:
-Tet Offensive
-Martin Luther King is assassinated
-Robert Kennedy assassinated
-clash between protestors at Democratic National Convention
-helps Nixon win presidency
Domestic Policy/Civil Rights
Great Society-continuation of Kennedy’s New Frontier
Medicare/Medicaid-healthcare for elderly and poor
Head Start
-HUD-Housing and Urban Development Act
VISTA (volunteers in service to America)-a peace corps in America
Voting Rights Act of 1965-ensured AA right to vote
Civil Rights Movement
14th & 15th Amendments ignored
Jim Crow
Segregation-Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
Vietnam
Vietnamization-pull US troops out but train Vietnamese troops to
do most of ground fighting with US air support
-Spreads war into Cambodia and Laos-try to stop Vietcong
supply lines
-meets lots of opposition by protestors—seemed he was
spreading war
My Lai Massacre-US troops slaughter women, elderly, children
-spurs tons of protest
-Kent State
Pentagon Papers-classified documents Nixon wanted to keep
secret –documented actions of presidents during Vietnam acting
without Congressional approval
-War Ends:
-US leaves in 73
-Saigon in S falls and turns Communist
-War Powers Act-limited ability of President to wage war
Domestic Policy
New Federalism-decrease size fed gov
Civil Rights
-integrate in S
Swann v Charlotte Meck-busing
Cold War
-Détente-easing tensions with other countries
-visits China
-visits Soviet Union
SALT Treaty-limit arms
that each produce
Economy
-Stagflation-dilemma Nixon faced with rising prices
(inflation) and economic stagnation (stagnant)
Environment
EPA-set and enforce pollution standards,
Research environment
Clean Air Act-set standards for clean air
-limit pesticide use & strip mining
Scandal
Watergate-Nixon’s plan to break into Watergate hotel
and steal campaign information from Democrats
-burglars talked—Nixon accused and hands over tapes
of his conversations—Impeached & Resigns
Times start to Change:
-WWII exposed racism
-Truman integrates military
Jackie Robinson
Brown v Board (1954)-ends segregation
Resistance Begins:
-Rosa Parks-fights bus segregation
-Martin Luther King-bus boycotts
-believed in nonviolent resistance (Thoreau, Ghandi)
-Little Rock 9-gov orders national guard to stop black students—Eisenhower
uses federal troops to integrate
-Greensboro sit-in
-SNCC (student non violent coordinating committee)-organized
sit-ins (college students)
-Birmingham is an example of resistance
-police use dogs
-Kennedy supports integration there
Civil Rights Act 1964-ends segregation in public places
Freedom Summer-signing up students to vote—Voting Rights Act 1965
New type of Movement:
Malcolm X-more violent than King—self defense
Black Panthers-radical agenda accepted violence as means of getting equal rights
50’s Culture
Car Culture
-post war boom
-growth of suburbs
-most new homes here
-cookie cutters
-Baby Boom
-Interstate Hwys.
TV/Movies/Radio
-movies had color, stereo sound
-Lucille Ball
-spurred other industryrefrigerators, frozen dinners
-women often appear as perfect
homemakers
-few minorities seen
-ideal America
South Africa (you could get question on this)
-Apartheid-divided S Africa into 4 segregated racial groups
-whites, blacks, coloreds of mixed race, and Asians
-COULD BE COMPARED TO JIM CROW
Nelson Mandela-anti apartheid leader elected in 1st elections
Music
-Elvis
-reaction to
rock music
Beatniks
-social &
literary
movement
-non material
lifestyle
-hippies would
come of this
-clashed with
reg. America
Women
-boredom, wanted fulfillment
Betty Friedan “Feminist
-many working women paid less than men
Mystique”
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
16
Social Change of 60’s & 70’s
Counterculture
Women’s Movement
-non conformists
-Hippies-rock, radical appearance,
drugs, communal living, eastern
religions
-many protested Vietnam war
-sexual revolution
Pop art
-Andy Warhol
Rock music
-Beatles
-Woodstock
-feminism
-equality w/ men
-Betty Freidan
-book called women
To look at lives for
True happiness
-sparked women’s liberation
movement
NOW-equal employment
opportunity
Roe v Wade-legal abortion
ERA-equal rights amendment
proposed—ended up no passing
Latino/Native Americans
-increase in Latino pop
-Cesar Chavez-fight for better education
& pol power
American Indian Movement-won tribal
lands back—more control over Indian
affairs
Environmentalist
Movement
Rachel Carson Silent Spring
EPA, Earth Day
Love Canal, 3-Mile Island
R Reagan
1981-1989
(New Wave of Conservatives)
G Ford
1974-1977
-pardon Nixon
-economy still in turmoil
-OPEC-raised oil prices extremely high in 73
WIN-Whip Inflation Now
-cut back on oil consumption—conserve
-Stagflation
J Carter
1977-1981
Camp David Accords-peace agreement between leaders of
Egypt and Israel—gave hopes of peace in Middle East
Iran Hostage Crisis-US had supported Shah of Iran
-rebels in Iran hated him
-Shah forced to flea
-rebels go to US embassy in Iran and took 52 US
Hostages
-when Carter left office, hostages released
Human Rights Policy
-give Panama Canal up
-Camp David Accords
-trying to promote world peace
GHW Bush
1989-1993
-less federal government
-appoint conservative Justices (Sandra Day O’Connor)
-VP is GHW Bush
Reaganomics (Trickle Down-trickle down from rich to poor)
-cut gov spending
-lower taxes
-Supply Side Economics-lower taxes to get more
supply, lower prices, more people will buy
-more military spending
-Star Wars-develop weapons that could intercept
And destroy incoming missiles
Strategic Defense Initiative
Challenger
-shuttle carrying teacher explodes as it takes off
-Persian Gulf War
-Operation Dessert Shield &Storm
-Saddam Hussein
-keep Iraq from gaining too much control
over oil reserves
Bill Clinton
1993-2001
NAFTA signed
Impeachment
-personal scandal
-allegations of perjury
-impeachment—found innocent
Texas v Johnson-cannot stop flag burning—violates 1st Amendment
GW Bush elected in 2001
Iran Contra Scandal
-give weapons to Nicaragua (Congress had prohibited this)—
Contras of Nicaragua would sell weapons to Iran in exchange
for releasing hostages
George W Bush
2001-2008
Soviet Union Falls
-Gorbachev in charge
-Glasnost and Perestroika-openness
-Berlin Wall destroyed 1989
-Soviet territories separate
No Child Left Behind
War on Terrorism
World Events to Remember
Aparteid-S Africa; separate races
-like Jim Crow Era in US
-Nelson Mendela-Anti Aparteid leader
Palestinian/Israeli Conflict
-Yassar Arafat-leader of PLO
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
17
US History Important People
Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
Tecumseh
Charles Grandson Finney
Harriet Tubman
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
William Lloyd Garrison
Sojourner Truth
John Brown
John Marshall
Henry Clay
Frederick Douglas
Elizabeth Cady Stanton/S B Anthony,
Lucretia Mott
Jefferson Davis
John C Calhoun
Lewis and Clark
Dorthea Dix
Hudson River School
Abraham Lincoln
Robert E Lee
Ulysses S Grant
Henry David Thoreau
Ralph Waldo Emerson
George McClellan
Thaddeus Stevens
George Custer (7th Calvary)
Andrew Carnegie
Vanderbilt
Rockefeller
JP Morgan
Frederick Jackson Turner
Queen Lili
William Seward
Alfred T Mahan
Rough Riders
Ida Tarbell
Lincoln Steffens
Upton Sinclair
Frank Norris
Jacob Riis
Carrie Nation
Ida B Wells
Robert La Follette
Marcus Garvey
Henry Ford
WEB Du Bois
Booker T Washington
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Jeanette Rankin
John J Pershing
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Alex De Tocqueville
Herman Melville
Mark Twain
John Steinbeck
Cyrus McCormick/John Deere
Robert Fulton
Peter Cooper
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Sumner/Brooks
Stephen Douglas
Cold War Presidents 1945-1991
Vietnam War Presidents 1954-1975
WWI Allied Powers
WWI Central Powers
WWII Allied Powers
WWII Axis Powers
Eugene V Debs
Samuel Gompers
John Jay
Charles Pickney
Marbury v Madison 1803
Schneck v US 1919
Northern Securities v US 1904
Plessy v Ferguson 1896
Brown v Board 1954
Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg 1971
Texas v Johnson 1989
Worchester v Georgia 1832
Roe v Wade 1973
Sherman Anti Trust Act 1890
Clayton Anti Trust Act 1914
Interstate Commerce Commission
(ICC) 1887
Robert Fulton
Freedman’s Bureau
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
Stalwart
Halfbreed
Charles Lindbergh
Santa Anna
Morill Land Grant Act 1862
Homestead Act 1862
Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883
Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
GI Bill of Rights 1944
Equal Rights Amendment 1972
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) 2001
Dawes Act 1877
War Powers Act 1973
Henry Cabot Lodge
Woodrow Wilson
A Mitchell Palmer
Sacco & Vanzetti
John T Scopes
Albert Fall
Langston Hughes
Louis Armstrong
F Scott Fitzgerald
Aimee Semple Mcpherson/Billy
Sunday
Margaret Sanger
FDR
John Maynard Keynes
Dr Francis Townsend
Huey Long
Frances Perkins
Douglas McArthur
George Patton
Oppenheimer
Fidel Castro
George Marshall
Alger Hiss/Rosenbergs
Joseph McCarthy
Stokely Carmichael (SNCC)
James Meredith
Thurgood Marshall
Earl Warren
Gloria Stenem
Phyllis Schlafly
Cesar Chavez
Neil Armstrong
John Glen
Betty Friedan
Rachel Carson
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Ho Chi Minh
William Westmoreland
Yasser Arafat
OPEC
Shah of Iran
Ayatollah Khomeini
Nelson Mandela
Colin Powell
Mikhail Gorbachev
Saddam Hussein
Sandra Day O’Connor
Geraldine Ferraro
Dee Brown
Helen Hunt Jackson
James Fennimore Cooper
Edgar Allen Poe
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
18
Created by Mrs. Kasey DelliSanti
19