Skeletal System
Anatomy and Physiology Flash Cards
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Directions
• The first slide asks a question.
• The second slide answers the question.
• Use these slides like flash cards to test
your core knowledge.
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Question
Name the five functions of the skeletal
system.
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Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Hematopoiesis
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Question
Describe and define hematopoiesis.
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Answer
Hematopoiesis means blood cell
formation.
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Question
Name the five shapes of bones
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Answer
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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Question
Give two examples of long bones.
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Answer
1. Humerus
2. Femur
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Question
Give two examples of irregular bones.
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Answer
1. Facial bones
2. Vertebrae
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Question
Give two examples of short bones.
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Answer
1. Carpals
2. Tarsals
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Question
Name a sesamoid bone.
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Answer
The patella
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Question
The long bone is longer than it is wide.
The shaft is known as the diaphysis.
The shaft endings are known as
______.
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Answer
The epiphyses.
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Question
What is inside the medullary cavity of the
diaphysis?
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Answer
Yellow bone marrow, an inactive fatty form
of marrow found in the adult skeleton.
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Question
What is the periosteum?
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Answer
The covering of a long bone. The
periosteum does not cover the ends of
the long bone, which articulate with
other bones to form joints.
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Question
What is the name of the covering that acts
as a cushion on each epiphysis?
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Answer
Articular (or hyaline) cartilage
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Question
The flat plate of hyaline cartilage that is
the site for bone growth and that is
located between the epiphysis and
diaphysis is ______.
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Answer
The epiphyseal plate
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Question
The epiphyseal plate is replaced by the
______ when growth is complete.
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Answer
Epiphyseal line
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Question
Where does the red bone marrow fill the
small spaces of spongy bone?
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Answer
The ends of long bones in the epiphyses.
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Question
The two major types of connective tissue
in the skeletal system are ______.
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Answer
Bone and cartilage
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Question
The needle-like threads and bony
projections that construct spongy bone
are called ______.
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Answer
Trabeculae
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Question
Compact bone is organized into many
structural units called ______.
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Answer
Osteons (Haversian system)
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Question
Each osteon is made of a calcified matrix
of layered rings. The rings are known
as ______.
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Answer
Lamella
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Question
What is contained in each central canal?
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Answer
A blood vessel
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Question
What is a mature bone cell named and
where does it lie?
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Answer
1. Osteocyte
2. Lacunae
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Question
What is cartilage?
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Answer
An avascular, tough, fibrous connective
tissue.
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Question
What is endochondral ossification?
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Answer
The process of bones forming from
cartilage models.
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Question
Define osteoblasts.
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Answer
Bone forming cells found on the
periosteum.
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Question
Name the two divisions of the human
skeleton.
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Answer
Axial and appendicular
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Question
How many bones are in the human body?
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Answer
206
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Question
How many bones are in the appendicular
skeleton?
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Answer
126
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Question
Bones are marked with bumps, holes, and
depressions where muscles, tendons,
and ligaments attach and where
nerves and blood vessels pass. These
exterior marks are called ______.
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Answer
Bony landmarks
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Question
A general term for a prominence is
______.
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Answer
Process
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Question
A sharp bony projection is called ______.
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Answer
Styloid
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Question
A projection over a condyle is called
______.
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Answer
Epicondyle
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Question
A small, smooth, shallow depression that
articulates with another bone is called
a ______.
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Answer
Facet
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Question
Shallow depression in a bone are ______.
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Answer
Fossa
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Question
What is an articulation?
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Answer
An articulation is the meeting point of two
bones, or a joint. Every bone in the
body forms a joint (or articulation),
except for the hyoid bone.
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Question
What two purposes do joints serve?
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Answer
1. They hold our bones together.
2. They allow movement in an otherwise
rigid skeleton—making it flexible and
able to change position with an outside
force or when acted upon by muscles.
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Question
Joints or articulations are classified by
their degree of movement. What are
the three classifications of joints?
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Answer
1. Synarthroses
2. Amphiarthroses
3. Diarthroses
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Question
Define and give an example of a
synarthrosis joint.
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Answer
1. No movement in this joint.
2. Sutures in the skull.
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Question
Define and give an example of an
amphiarthrotic joint.
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Answer
1. Slightly moveable joints.
2. Sternoclavicular, symphysis pubis, and
intervertebral joints.
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Question
What is another name for a diarthrotic
joint?
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Answer
Synovial joint
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Question
A synovial (or diarthrotic) joint is a freely
moveable joint allowing movement in
one, two, or three dimensions. Name
the structures of these joints.
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Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Joint capsule
Joint cavity
Articular cartilage
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Ligaments
Bursae
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Question
Name the types of diarthrotic joints.
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Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Gliding
Condyloid
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Question
Although the sternum accounts for one
bone in the axial skeleton, it was once
three bones now fused together.
Please name the three parts of the
sternum.
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Answer
1. Manubrium
2. Body
3. Xiphoid process
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Question
Please name the five regions of the
vertebral column and list the number of
bones in each region.
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Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cervical vertebrae—seven bones
Thoracic vertebrae—twelve bones
Lumbar vertebrae—five bones
Sacrum—one or five fused bones
Coccyx—four fused vertebrae
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Question
Another name for the shoulder joint is
______.
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Answer
Glenohumeral joint
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Question
What is another name for the wrist joint?
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Answer
Radioulnar joint
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Question
Name the two bones of the leg.
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Answer
1. Tibia
2. Fibula
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Question
How many ribs, including false or floating
ribs, reside in the human body?
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Answer
There are a total of 12 pair of ribs in the
human body.
True ribs—pairs 1-7
False ribs—pairs 8-10
Floating ribs—pairs 11, 12
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