Eco-organic farming in Estonia: institutions, supply, environmental
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Eco-organic farming in Estonia: institutions, supply, environmental public goods and integrated sustainable development planning in rural areas Ahto Oja IDARI PHD student ESTONIA CONTENT INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. SUPPLY EXTERNAL PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS INSTITUTIONS OBJECTIVES ESTONIA TOTAL POPULATION 1,4 MILLION, ONE THIRD RUSSIAN SPEAKING, CAPITAL - TALLINN S O O M E F I N L A N D S O O M E G U L F O F L A H T F I N L A N D NARVANARVANARVANARVANARVAJÕESUU JÕESUU JÕESUU JÕESUU JÕESUU LOKSA LOKSA LOKSA LOKSA LOKSA LOKSA TALLINN TALLINN KUNDA KUNDA KUNDA KUNDA KUNDA KUNDA MAARDU MAARDU MAARDU MAARDU MAARDU MAARDU KOHTLAKOHTLAKOHTLAKOHTLAKOHTLAKOHTLAJÄRVE JÄRVE JÄRVE L Ä Ä N E M E R I B A L T I C S E A PALDISKI PALDISKI PALDISKI PALDISKI PALDISKI PALDISKI KEHRA KEHRA KEHRA KEHRA KEHRA KEHRA SAUE SAUE SAUE SAUE SAUE SAUE KEILA KEILA KEILA KEILA KEILA TAPA TAPA TAPA TAPA TAPA TAPA RAKVERE RAKVERE RAKVERE RAKVERE RAKVERE RAKVERE KIVIÕLI KIVIÕLI KIVIÕLI KIVIÕLI KIVIÕLI KIVIÕLI NARVA SILLAMÄE SILLAMÄE SILLAMÄE NARVA NARVA NARVA SILLAMÄE SILLAMÄE SILLAMÄE NARVA JÕHVI JÕHVI JÕHVI JÕHVI JÕHVI JÕHVI TAMSALU TAMSALU TAMSALU TAMSALU TAMSALU TAMSALU VORMSI PAIDE PAIDE PAIDE PAIDE PAIDE PAIDE HAAPSALU HAAPSALU HAAPSALU HAAPSALU HAAPSALU HAAPSALU HIIUMAA MUSTVEE MUSTVEE MUSTVEE MUSTVEE MUSTVEE MUSTVEE TÜRI TÜRI TÜRI TÜRI TÜRI TÜRI LIHULA LIHULA LIHULA LIHULA LIHULA LIHULA MUHU JÕGEVA JÕGEVA JÕGEVA JÕGEVA JÕGEVA JÕGEVA VÕHMA VÕHMA VÕHMA VÕHMA VÕHMA VÕHMA KALLASTE KALLASTE KALLASTE KALLASTE KALLASTE KALLASTE PÕLTSAMAA PÕLTSAMAA PÕLTSAMAA PÕLTSAMAA PÕLTSAMAA PÕLTSAMAA V E N E M A A R U S S I A RAPLA RAPLA RAPLA RAPLA RAPLA RAPLA KÄRDLA KÄRDLA KÄRDLA KÄRDLA KÄRDLA KÄRDLA SUURE-JAANI SUURE-JAANI SUURE-JAANI SUURE-JAANI SUURE-JAANI SUURE-JAANI TARTU TARTU TARTU TARTU TARTU TARTU SINDI SINDI SINDI SINDI SINDI SINDI SAAREMAA VILJANDI VILJANDI VILJANDI VILJANDI VILJANDI VILJANDI PÄRNU PÄRNU PÄRNU PÄRNU PÄRNU PÄRNU KURESSAARE KURESSAARE KURESSAARE KURESSAARE KURESSAARE KURESSAARE KIHNU KILINGIKILINGIKILINGIKILINGIKILINGIKILINGINÕMME NÕMME NÕMME ELVA ELVA ELVA ELVA ELVA ELVA ABJAABJAABJAABJAABJAPALUOJA PALUOJA PALUOJA PALUOJA PALUOJA KARKSIKARKSIKARKSIMÕISAMÕISANUIA NUIA NUIA MÕISAMÕISAMÕISAKÜLA KÜLA KÜLA KÜLA KÜLA KÜLA OTEPÄÄ OTEPÄÄ OTEPÄÄ OTEPÄÄ OTEPÄÄ OTEPÄÄ 0 20 VÕRU VÕRU VÕRU VÕRU VÕRU VÕRU VALGA VALGA VALGA VALGA VALGA VALGA L I I V I L A H T G U L F O F R I G A L Ä T I L A T V I A RÄPINA RÄPINA RÄPINA RÄPINA RÄPINA RÄPINA TÕRVA TÕRVA TÕRVA TÕRVA TÕRVA TÕRVA ANTSLA ANTSLA ANTSLA ANTSLA ANTSLA ANTSLA RUHNU PÕLVA PÕLVA PÕLVA PÕLVA PÕLVA PÕLVA 40 km L Ä T I L A T V I A © REGIO 2000 Introduction Total area of Estonia ~4 500 000 ha Agricultural land ~ 1 million hectar Organically farmed 30 600 ha in 2002 The growth 7,5 times during last 4 years The number of eco-organic farmers has increased from 89 to 583 from 1999 to 2002 in Estonia 2/3 out of 583 have cattle, but only 136 have certificate to sell organic meat Land use types of Estonian organic farms in 2002 (modified from Ader, 2003) expressed in hectares and as a percentage of total area under organic production in Estonia. Land use type Area of the land use, ha % from total organic farming land use 17 767 58.06 Cereal and legumen 4713 15.40 Natural grassland 4480 14.64 Fallow ploughed in autumn 1687 5.51 Orchard, berries patch and nursery garden 403 1.32 Potatoes 231 0.76 Green manure plants 220 0.72 Vegetables, technical crops, 163 0.53 Not in use land 936 3.06 30 600 100 Annual and perennial grass Total Supply Demand for organic products has increased new opportunities to export organic produce The area of land cultivated organically will rise in the near future in Estonia, Economic aspects (effectiveness, competitiveness) are not investigated in Estonian context Eco-organic agriculture and external effects External benefits and costs associated with eco-organic farming recreation benefits ecological functions: landscape nutrient leaching soil erosion Eco-organic farming institutions The Law on Organic Farming Estonian Organic Farming Database Estonian Foundation for Organic Farming Association of the Organic Producers of Estonia Informal: Traditional farming methods www.sahver.ee OBJECTIVES Supply Determine the economic viability of ecoorganic production Estimate the opportunity costs of developing the sector Evaluate the willingness of land managers to supply eco-organic products; OBJECTIVES Eco-organic agriculture and external effects Evaluate and quantify the supply of non-market environmental goods and services The cost of non-market environmental benefits Measure the public demand and preferences for non-market environmental goods and services OBJECTIVES Eco-organic farming institutions Establish the attitudes to eco-organic production Assess the compliance of Estonian traditional farming methods with eco-organic farming certified requirements Ascertain the formal and informal obstacles Find out the impact of EU and governmental support mechanisms Propose policy initiatives OBJECTIVES Eco-organic farming institutions Analyse the policy integration Assess the level of participation THANK YOU VERY MUCH! The average size and number of eco-organic farms in Estonia at the end of 2002 (modified from Ader 2003). Area of land cultivated according to the principles of organic farming, ha Number of farms % from total number of organic farms <2 18 3.1 2.1-5 36 6.2 5.1-10 63 10.8 10.1-20 129 22.1 20.1-30 97 16.6 30.1-50 99 17.0 50.1-100 70 12.0 100.1-200 36 6.2 >200 35 6.0 Total 583 100
