Lymphatic System
Anatomy and Physiology Flash Cards
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Directions
• The first slide asks a question.
• The second slide answers the question.
• Use these slides like flash cards to test
your core knowledge.
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Question
•
The movement of lymph through the
body is achieved by ______, ______,
and ______.
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Answer
1. Skeletal muscle contraction
2. Respiration
3. Venous pulsation
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Question
•
Lymph nodes function as ______.
a. Filters
b. Glands
c. Valves
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Answer
a. Filters
b. Glands
c. Valves
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Question
•
Lymph vessels have:
a. No valves
b. Exactly the same number of valves
as veins
c. Fewer valves than veins
d. More valves than veins
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Answer
a. No valves
b. Exactly the same number of valves as
veins
c. Fewer valves than veins
d. More valves than veins
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Question
The lymph node is the main residence for:
a. Leukocytes
b. Lymphocytes
c. Thrombocytes
d. Hemoglobin
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Answer
a.
b.
c.
d.
Leukocytes
Lymphocytes
Thrombocytes
Hemoglobin
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Question
Name the organs that contain lymph tissue.
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Answer
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils
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Question
There are ______ sets of tonsils.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
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Answer
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
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Question
Name the three sets of tonsils.
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Answer
1. Lingual
2. Pharyngeal
3. Palatine
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Question
True or False?
Tonsils are known as the first line of
defense.
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Answer
True: Tonsils are a special variant of lymph
nodes made of lymphoid tissue. They are
called the 1st line of defense, as they
surround the air and food passages in the
nasal and the oral cavities.
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Question
Define lymphedema.
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Answer
Lymphedema is the accumulation of lymph
in the interstitial space due to blockage of
lymphatic vessels; it commonly affects the
limbs.
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Question
Define lymph.
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Answer
Lymph is a pale yellow fluid that overflows
into tissue spaces. It contains large
proteins and waste from different parts of
the body.
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Question
Lymphatic vessels are blind-ended
capillaries, venules, and veins. The
lymphatic capillaries are highly
permeable allowing easy passage of
large molecules into the lymphatic
system. Although the lymphatic system
is a circulatory system, the lymph
circulates in ______.
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Answer
One direction
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Question
Lymph has specific pathways traveling one
way toward what two main ducts?
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Answer
Right lymphatic duct
Thoracic duct
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Question
What areas does the right lymphatic duct
drain lymph from?
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Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
Right upper extremity
Right side of neck
Right side of head
Right upper torso
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Question
Where does the right lymphatic duct drain
into?
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Answer
Right subclavian vein
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Question
Which is the largest lymphatic vessel?
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Answer
The thoracic duct
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Question
1. What part of the body does the thoracic
duct drain?
2. Where does it drain into?
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Answer
1. The other ¾ of the body, including
bilateral lower extremities, left upper
extremity, left side of head, neck, and
torso.
2. Into the left subclavian vein.
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Question
What is the name of the holding tank located
in the thoracic duct?
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Answer
Cisterna chyli
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Question
The time the lymph leaves the interstitial
spaces, enters the lymphatic vessels and
reaches the subclavian veins takes
approximately how long?
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Answer
Four hours
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Question
What role do lymph nodes play in the
lymphatic and immune systems?
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Answer
1. They filter out harmful substances from
the lymph.
2. Produce white blood cells.
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Question
Describe lymph nodes.
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Answer
1. As small as a pinhead.
2. As large as a lima bean.
3. Most are in the body as clusters or
groups (some may break off due to injury
or illness).
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Question
Name the three main clusters of lymph
nodes and their locations.
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Answer
1. Cervical—neck
2. Axillary—armpit
3. Inguinal—groin
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Question
1. How many lymph vessel(s) carry the
lymph to the lymph node?
2. What are the lymph vessels called?
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Answer
1. Four
2. Afferent
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Question
1. How many lymph vessel(s) carry the
lymph away from the lymph node?
2. What are the lymph vessels called?
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Answer
1. One
2. Efferent
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Question
An indication of illness or infection is
enlarged lymph nodes. Explain why the
lymph nodes would enlarge.
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Answer
They swell and become tender when they
are infected by bacteria or other foreign
cells they trap.
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Question
Where is the thymus gland located?
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Answer
Mediastinum
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Question
What is the function of the thymus gland?
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Answer
The thymus is composed of lymphocytes
that develop under the influence of
thymosin (produced by the thymus). As
the lymphocytes (T-cells) mature, they
migrate to the spleen, tonsils, lymph
nodes, and lymph tissue.
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Question
The thymus completes it’s work during
childhood. The thymus tissue is
replaced by fat and connective
tissue. This process is called
______.
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Answer
Involution
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Question
What is the functions of tonsils?
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Answer
To act as the first line of defense against
invasion of pathogens.
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Question
Where is the spleen located?
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Answer
Upper left quadrant of the abdomen.
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Question
What are the functions of the spleen?
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Answer
1. It contains pulp-like accumulations of
phagocytes. As blood vessels run through the
spleen, the phagocytes filter and remove
bacteria and other foreign substances.
2. Destroys old red blood cells and salvages the
iron in the hemoglobin to use the iron again.
3. Serves as a reservoir, storing more than a pint
of blood.
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Question
What is specific immunity?
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Answer
When your body recognizes, responds to,
and remembers any bacteria, virus,or
fungus.
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Question
What is non-specific immunity?
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Answer
1. Skin—barrier to pathogens.
2. Tears and mucus—washes eyes and
traps and kills bacteria.
3. Promotion of WBCs to the area
secondary to the inflammatory response.
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Question
What is the inflammatory response?
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Answer
When bacteria causes tissue damage,
mediators are alerted from the immune
cells, which in turn alert white blood cells
to come to the area.
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Question
What signs are produced from the
inflammatory response?
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Answer
Increase blood flow (heat and redness)
Increase vascular permeability (pain and
swelling)
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Question
What is inborn immunity?
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Answer
Inherited immunity to certain diseases.
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Question
Getting the measles as a child develops
antibodies against them and you will
never get measles again. What type of
immunity is this?
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Answer
Natural active immunity
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Question
Describe natural passive immunity.
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Answer
1. A fetus receives antibodies through the
placenta.
2. An infant gets antibodies from mother’s
milk.
3. Exposure to a causative is not
deliberate.
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Question
When exposure to a causative agent is
deliberate, it is called artificial immunity.
Name the two types of artificial
immunity.
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Answer
1. Artificial active
2. Artificial passive
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Question
What is a phagocyte?
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Answer
Phagocytes are white blood cells that ingest
bacteria and foreign debris in a process
called phagocytosis.
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Question
What are the three types of phagocytes?
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Answer
1. Neutrophils
2. Monocytes
3. Macrophages
a. Kupffer cells
b. Dust cells
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Question
What is the name of the most numerous of
immune system cells?
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Answer
Lymphocytes
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Question
What are two lymphocytes?
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Answer
1. B-cells
2. T-cells
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Question
Where do B-cells develop?
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Answer
1. Stem cells transform into immature B-cells in
the liver and bone marrow before birth and only
in bone marrow in adults.
2. They leave bone marrow and migrate to lymph
nodes, liver, and the spleen, where they act as
seed cells cloning themselves, repeating
mitosis.
3. The mature B-cell then divides very quickly
cloning two (2) kinds of cells.
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Question
When mature B-cells divide, what are the
name of the two cells they clone as?
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Answer
1. Plasma cells
2. Memory cells
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Question
How do T-cells develop?
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Answer
Stem cells from bone marrow migrate to the
thymus gland.
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Question
What is the function of T-cells?
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Answer
1. Produce cell-mediated immunity.
2. Kill invading cells by releasing a
substance that poisons cells.
3. Release chemicals that attract and
activate macrophages to kill cells by
phagocytosis.
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