National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Data Modernization
Traffic Records Forum
Costa Mesa, CA
October 2015
Terry Shelton, Chou-Lin Chen, Mike Frenchik
National Center for Statistics and Analysis
NHTSA and Data
• NHTSA -- data driven
• Data are used extensively for:
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Basic research
Identifying problem areas
Identifying program and rulemaking needs
Developing and evaluating programs, rules and
standards
– Evaluating new technologies
– Allocating grants
– Setting safety targets and goals
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What crash data does NHTSA collect?
–Fatalities
–Injuries
–Crashworthiness and occupant
protection
–Pre-crash factors and crash avoidance
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Fatalities & Fatality Rate*: 1989 to 2014
(*per 100 million vehicle miles of travel)
50,000
2.50
45,582
45,000
40,000
35,000
2.00
2.17
32,675
30,000
1.50
25,000
20,000
1.00
1.07
15,000
10,000
0.50
5,000
0
0.00
1989
1991
1993
1995
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1997
1999
Fatalities
2001
2003
2005
2007
Fatality Rate Per 100M VMT
2009
2011
2013
Source: FARS, FHWA
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Crashes by Crash Severity, 2013
Fatal Crashes
38,
38, 309
309
30,057
2,313,000
People Injured
1,929,000
1,591,000
Injury Crashes
Injury
Crashes
32,719
Fatalities
4,348,000
4,066,000
Property
Damage
Property Damage
Only
Only
6,316,000
5,687,000
Police
Crashes
Reported
Police Reported
Crashes
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NHTSA’s Current Sampling Systems
• Designed in the mid1970’s
• Designed as one system
• 75+ planned collection
sites
• 20,000+ planned cases
• Split in two in 1988:
– General Estimates
System
– Crashworthiness Data
System
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Direction from Congress –
Modernize NHTSA’s Crash Sampling Systems
Considerations:
• Is sample size and design sufficient?
• Is scope too limited?
• What data needs to be collected?
• What data do external stakeholders need?
Congress appropriated $25M in FY 2012 to
modernize NASS
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What is Data Modernization?
NHTSA’s effort to:
• Upgrade the crash sampling systems
• Modernize and consolidate related information
technology systems
Goal: To affirm NHTSA position as the leader in motor
vehicle crash data collection and analysis, by
collecting quality data to keep pace with emerging
technologies and evolving policy needs.
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Crash Report Sampling System
• Replacement for GES
• Sample of police-reported crashes involving
– All types of motor vehicles
– Motorists and Non-motorists
– Property-damage crashes
– All injury severities
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CRSS 60 Sites
This is a U.S. Government work and may be copied and distributed without permission.
Crash Report Sampling System
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60 data collection sites in 31 States
50,000 crashes sampled annually
Data can be weighted to make national estimates
100 data elements coded from police crash reports
Electronic data transfer pilot
CRSS starts in January 2016
Standard errors should be smaller than the current
system for key estimates.
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Why is CRSS important?
• To assess the overall state of highway safety and identify
existing and emerging highway safety trends;
• To understand the national picture regarding key safety
priorities;
• To establish an estimate of the number of people injured
in motor vehicle-related crashes annually; and
• To assess the effectiveness of motor vehicle safety
standards and highway safety programs.
Safer Drivers. Safer Cars. Safer Roads.
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People Injured and Injury Rate*: 1989 to 2013
(*per 100 million vehicle miles of travel)
4,000,000
180
157
160
3,500,000
3,000,000
3.28M
140
120
2.31M
2,500,000
100
2,000,000
80
1,500,000
77
60
1,000,000
40
500,000
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0
0
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
People Injured
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2001
2003
2005
2007
Injury Rate Per 100M VMT
2009
2011
2013
Source: NASS GES, FHWA
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CRSS Improvements
• New sample design and sites will enable more
precise estimates
• Improved IT delivers more stable, agile and
secure operating system
• Leveraging technology for data collection and
coding
• Improved data quality
• Data accessible in multiple file formats
• Enhanced analytical Web products
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Uses of Data: Crashworthiness
Occupant
Protection in
Interior
Impact (201)
Head Restraints
(202)
Roof Crush
Resistance (216)
Child Restraint
Systems (213)
Ejection
Mitigation (226)
Occupant
Crash
Protection (208)
Side Impact
Protection (214)
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Seating
Systems (207)
Child Restraint
Anchorage
Systems (225)
Fuel System
Integrity (301)
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Crashworthiness Safety Today
Rear Sidebag
Windowbag
Front Sidebag
Dual Stage Driver Airbag
Dual Stage Passenger Airbag
LATCH
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Belt Tensioner
Front and Rear
Dual Stage
Belt Force
Limiter
Occupant
Classification
Kneebag)
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Uses of Data: Crash Avoidance
Electronic
Brake
Distribution
Electronic
Stability
Control
Anti-Lock
Braking
System
Vehicle to Vehicle
Collision Avoidance
System
Lane
Departure
Warning
Systems
Adaptive
Cruise
Control
Adaptive
Headlights
Tire Pressure
Monitoring
System
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Crash Investigation Sampling
System
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24 Data collection sites in 18 States (Phase 1)
Add up to 73 collection sites (Phase 3)
4,000 to 4,500 crashes sampled annually
Data can be weighted to make national estimates
Passenger car and light truck crashes only
600 data elements
Pilot started in July 2015
Add additional sites as budget permits and
add modules for special studies, such as
pedestrians, motorcycles, trucks,…
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Leveraging Technology
• Electronic forms
• Tablet computers
• Electronic measuring of
scene and vehicle
• Anatomical 3D diagram
• Event data recorder
data
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Electronic Data Collection
• Tablet computer for field data
collection
• Data entry using drop down
menus
• Eliminate transcription errors
• Secure data on tablet
computer
• Ease of data entry
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Current Scene Data
• Measuring wheel
• Run into traffic to
obtain
measurements
• Labor intensive
• Diagram not scaled
• Use is software
dependent
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Improved Scene Data
• Electronic Distance
Measuring
Instrument
• Off-road operations
• SAFE!
• More accurate
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Improved Scene Data, cont.
• Scaled diagrams
• Accurate measurements
• Capability for user to create 3-D
renderings of crash sites
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Current Vehicle Data
• Tape measures alongside
crashed vehicle
• Six crush points measured
• Hand drawn sketches of
vehicle
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Improved Vehicle Data
• Electronic
measurements of crush
on vehicle
• More efficient
• Many more crush points
measured
• Scaled damage on
vehicles
• Capable of importing
into any CAD program
for 3-D renderings
Safer Drivers. Safer Cars. Safer Roads.
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Modernized Information Technology
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More efficient and secure IT systems
More and better data for users
Easier access to data
Better worldwide use of vital crash data
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Crash Data Products and Services
• Upgrade SAS software and Business Intelligence tools
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Develop new query and reporting tools
Provide subject data sets
Improve product development cycle
Enhance Web-based deployment
Enhanced spatial analysis capability
• Revamp customer data request system
• Provide multiple file formats
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Product Information Catalog and Vehicle
Listing = vPIC
• Multiple definitions for basic vehicle information
• Multiple sources to define basic vehicle information
• Data comparisons are labor intensive & time
consuming
• Currently no clean integration of vehicle data and
processes from multiple NHTSA offices for
regulatory / research purposes
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Product Information Catalog and Vehicle Listing
(vPIC)
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Plant Code
Provided by Mfg
Model Year Code
by NHTSA
Required minimum: Model, Series, Engine, Body
and Base Safety System Data
Used to Validate
Full VIN
Manufacturer Coded Specifications
Details may vary by Manufacturer
Extended WMI for Small
Manufactures / Large
Subsiderary
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16
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Sequential ID
(Unique to Vehicle)
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NOTE: Includes 12,
13 and 14 only for
3 digit WMIs
Safety System(s)
(Air Bags / Belts)
Body / Drive
Used to Define
Make (Extension
for Small Mfgs)
Engine
Make /
Mfg Extension
(9)
Manufacturer
Name Defined by
SAE
Model Series
Manufacture
Defined List of
Countries
9
Manufacture
Extension 3
(Only if 9 in Pos 3)
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Manufacture
Extension 2
(Only if 9 in Pos 3)
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Vehicle Specific Sequential ID
Considered PII within the VIN
NOT INCLUDED in vPIC-List
Sometimes also used for
additional data from various
manufactures (e.g., Tesla uses
12th for Series ID
Centralized authoritative data source for VIN associated, and VIN specific data:
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Manufacturer Specs (Detail May Vary)
Production
Line / Model
Country Code
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Manufacture
Extension 1
(Only if 9 in Pos 3)
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Manufacture Plant
3
Model Year
2
Check Digit
1
World Manufacturer Index (WMI)
Manufacture 565 Submittals – Primary Source
Standard for Key Data Elements
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Based on CFR 49 Sections 500-599 – Part 565 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
Passenger Vehicles, Multi-Purpose Vehicles, Motorcycles, Trucks, Buses, Low Speed Vehicles, &
Trailers
Public Web Address: http://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov
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vPIC: The Potential Uses
• DOT-wide consistency (FMCSA, FHWA, RITA, etc.)
• Reliable reference for States / State-system integration
• Industry/academia could create products (e.g., phone apps,
websites, etc.)
• Free VIN Decoder from vPIC Datasets
• Standardized list of all vehicle manufacturers with contact
points
• Potential Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) –
includes batch processing
Safer Drivers. Safer Cars. Safer Roads.
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Going Forward
• NHTSA continually assesses
crash data collection needs
• As more/different data are
needed, systems can be
designed, built and
optimized in new IT
environment
• New system is built to be
flexible for future expanded
crash data collection efforts
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Data Modernization Summary
• Two new crash data collection systems:
– Crash Report Sampling System
• Begins in January 2016
– Crash Investigation Sampling System
• Pilot began in July 2015
• 24 sites up and running in January 2017
• vPIC is available now! (http://vpic.nhtsa.dot.gov)
• Look for new data products and services soon
Safer Drivers. Safer Cars. Safer Roads.
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Safer Drivers. Safer Cars. Safer Roads.
Thank you for your attention.
Chou-Lin.Chen@dot.gov
Michael.Frenchik@dot.gov
Terry.Shelton@dot.gov
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