Directions

Integumentary System

Anatomy and Physiology Flash Cards

Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

Directions

• The first slide asks a question.

• The second side answers the question.

• Use these slides like flash cards to test your core knowledge.


Question

The skin, also known as the cutaneous membrane, is composed of two primary layers of tissue. Name the layers and the tissue that makes each layer.


Answer

1. Epidermis —the outermost layer is made up of epithelial tissue.

2. Dermis —the innermost layer is made mostly of connective tissue.


Question

Name the functions of the skin.


Answer a. Protection b. Absorption c. Receptivity to stimulation/sensation d. Regulation of body temperature e. Elimination of waste f. Synthesis of vitamin D


Question

List the sub-layers of the epidermis, deep to superficial, then briefly describe a function or purpose for each.


Answer

Stratum germinativum — also known as basal layer, this is the innermost layer of the epidermis where constant cell division takes place. Nerve endings called Merkel’s Disks give skin sense of touch. Melanocytes are in this layer, producing pigment or melanin that gives the color to the skin.

Stratum Spinosum —

The prickly layer. The bonding layer between germinativum and granulosum. Cells from both layers are in this layer.

Stratum Granulosum —

The first step of keritinization happens in this layer.

Stratum Lucidum

—The extra layer where friction is greatest in the body (i.e., hands and feet). Contains keratinized cells and this clear layer is present in thicker skin. Where skin is thin, this layer is absent.

Stratum Corneum

—The horny layer. Outermost layer where the cells are filled with keratin.


Question

The dermis layer is the deeper and thicker of the two main skin layers. It is composed mainly of collagen and elastin fibers. What other structures are also contained in the dermis?


Answer

1. Nerve endings

2. Muscles fibers

3. Hair follicles

4. Sweat and sebaceous glands

5. Many blood vessels


Question

Name the appendages of the skin.


Answer

1. Hair

2. Receptors

3. Nails

4. Sudoriferous glands

5. Sebaceous glands


Question

Hair growth begins in tube like structures called _____.


Hair follicles

Answer


Question

Name the specialized smooth muscle that, when contracting produces

“goose bumps” and causes hair to stand straight up.


Arrector pili

Answer


Question

The soft, fine hair found on a newborn baby is known as ______.


Lanugo

Answer


Question

What is the primary skin component that determines skin color?


Melanin

Answer


Question

In which layer are melanocytes found?


Answer

Epidermis

(Stratum germinativum & stratum spinosum)


Question

The main visible part of the nail is the

______.


Nail body

Answer


Question

The whitish half moon shape at the base of the nail bed is known as the ______.


Lunula

Answer


Question

The distal part of the nail that we trim due to nail growth is the ______.


Free nail edge

Answer


Question

Name the two sudoriferous glands.


Answer

1. Eccrine glands

2. Apocrine glands


Question

The sweat gland that secretes a thick, milky fluid that when broken down by skin bacteria produces an odor is the

______.


Apocrine glands

Answer


Directions - Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

List the sub-layers of the epidermis, deep to superficial, then briefly describe a function or purpose for each.

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Directions - Associated Bodywork & Massage Professionals

Directions

List the sub-layers of the epidermis, deep to superficial, then briefly describe a function or purpose for each.

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