How much more energy did WI residents use in
2005 compared to what we used in 1970?
Jail Kitchen Hood System
Fond du Lac
55% more
Center for Land Use Education, 2008
How much money did WI spend on energy in
2009?
$18.6 billion
WI Office of Energy Independence, 2010
Wisconsin Energy Sources, 2009
LOCAL
WI Office of Energy Independence, 2010
County of Fond du Lac
Potential Energy Efficiency
Upgrades with Cost Analyses
Alysa Bradley
CURRENT USAGE BY SELECTED
COUNTY BUILDINGS
6
County Buildings/Properties – Annual Usage and Cost
Property
Electricity
(kWh)
Natural Gas
(Therm)
Total Annual Cost
for Property
Water (gal)
Government Building
3,952,333
191,757
12,392,864
$591,094.00
Harbor Haven Healthcare Center
1,941,000
97,942
5,289,108
$290,057.93
County Highway Properties
362,196
59,533
6,025,753
$104,815.16
Fairgrounds
531,900
18,184
637,111
$86,305.12
Rolling Meadows Golf Course
247,605
8,378
349,214
$41,928.20
Portland Street Annex
188,320
3,662
190,989
$27,394.74
County Annex (Morgue)
135,813
11,626
159,823
$27,386.24
Galow Home
15,796
1,488
125,415
$4,863.04
Shelter Care
15,844
1,492
89,012
$4,699.51
Vehicle Storage Building
5,992
2,527
2,493
$4,282.59
Elm Street House
9,991
983
16,705
$2,843.96
Parking Lot Lighting
Manis Building
21,578
$1,383.82
432
$150.24
7
Breakdown of Highway Properties – Annual Usage and Cost
Property
Fond du Lac Garage
Electricity (kWh)
Natural Gas (Therm)
Water (gal)
Total Annual Cost
277,525
42,629
477,972
$71,965.45
Brandon Garage
41,951
7,052
34,833
$14,683.72
Mt Calvary Garage
28,384
7,281
40,333
$12,813.94
Campbellsport Garage
9,625
2,570
14,800
$4,839.05
Traffic Lights (at
Hickory and Pioneer)
4,712
$513.00
8
County Buildings – Normalized by Square Footage
Property
Property Total
Square Footage
Electric Usage
(kWh/ft²)
Gas Usage
(Therm/ft²)
Water Usage
(Gallon/ft²)
Total Cost
($/ft²)
County Annex (Morgue)
11,354
11.96
1.024
0.019
$2.41
Rolling Meadows Golf Course
22,238
11.13
0.377
0.021
$1.89
Harbor Haven Healthcare Center
160,000
12.13
0.612
0.044
$1.81
City-County Admin Building
333,175
11.84
0.575
0.050
$1.77
Shelter Care
3,048
5.20
0.490
0.039
$1.54
Galow Home
3,530
4.47
0.421
0.047
$1.38
20,115
9.36
0.182
0.013
$1.36
Vehicle Storage Building
3,780
1.59
0.668
0.001
$1.13
Elm Street House
2.970
3.36
0.331
0.008
$0.96
Fairgrounds
105,366
5.05
0.173
0.008
$0.82
County Highway Properties
138,440
2.62
0.430
0.058
$0.76
1,000
0.43
Portland Street Annex
Manis Building
$0.15
9
Highway Buildings – Normalized by Square Footage
Property
Campbellsport Garage
Property Total
Square Footage
Electric Usage
(kWh/ft²)
Gas Usage
(Therm/ft²)
Water Usage
(Gallon/ft²)
Total Cost
($/ft²)
5,000
1.93
0.514
0.0040
$0.97
Brandon Garage
16,000
2.62
0.441
0.0029
$0.92
Mt Calvary Garage
14,400
1.97
0.506
0.0037
$0.89
Fond du Lac Garage
103,040
2.69
0.414
0.0062
$0.70
10
From this, we can determine some of the
County’s biggest energy users by various
factors and look for ways to scale back usage,
improve efficiency, and implement renewable
technologies.
11
NO COST ACTIONS
12
Employee Awareness and Behavior
Modifications
•
•
•
•
Lighting
Computers
Office Equipment
Personal Devices and
Other Appliances
• The Thermostat
Image courtesy of Wisconsin Environmental Education Board
http://www.uwsp.edu/cnr/weeb/
13
Employee Awareness: Lighting
• The average price per kWh in County facilities
is roughly $0.115
• A single lighting fixture uses 32 – 96 watts
every hour it is switched on.
• From my observations in County buildings:
Type of Room
Average wattage
Rough Cost per Year
Office
255
$66
Bathroom
125
$20-$115
Hallway
422
$122
14
Employee Awareness: Computers
• Laptops use around
50 watts per hour,
PCs use between 80
and 140 watts per
hour.
• Group Policies –
computers go into
“sleep” mode after 1
hour, monitors after
15 minutes
• Sleep still uses about
5 watts per hour
• Unplug for best
results.
Yearly Usage and Cost Estimates
Current
Average Usage
Current
Average Cost
Potential Savings
Single PC
306 kWh
$24
84 kWh - $6.5
Laptop
157 kWh
$12
54 kWh - $4
County-wide
153,800 kWh
$11,800
44,400 kWh - $3,400
15
Employee Awareness: Office Equipment
Yearly Usage and Cost Estimates
24/7
‘Standby’
Work Day
‘Standby’
Shut Off Savings
(per Device)
Fax machine
220 kWh
50kWh
$19.50
Printer
350 kWh
80 kWh
$31
Copier/Scanner
45 kWh
10 kWh
$4
• Employees
don’t usually
think to unplug
or power down
these devices.
• Power strips
can be a good
option and are
already widely
used in County
facilities.
16
Employee Awareness: Personal Devices
and Other Appliances
• Break room equipment:
Fridge - 1500 kWh/year,
Coffee pot - 150 kWh/year,
Microwave - 120 kWh/year
Annual KWh
Annual Cost
Fridge
1500
$173
Coffee Pot
150
$17
Microwave
120
$14
• Personal devices – my
laptop uses 30 watts per
hour and my phone charger
uses 5 watts per hour.
17
Employee Awareness: The Thermostat
• Focus on Energy
Estimates that setting
the thermostat 1°F
lower in winter can save
up to 1% of a building’s
heating bill.
• In summer every
degree above 75°F can
save 1-3% of a
building’s cooling
costs.
18
What Can I Do as an Employee?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shut off unused lights
Use less artificial light - dual
switching if it is an option or
natural light if there is a window.
Request an occupancy sensor or
more energy efficient light bulbs for
desk lamps.
Use energy - saving computer
settings.
Shut down your computer when
you leave (over lunch, during
meetings, in the evening).
Shut off your own office equipment
(printers, fax machines, etc.) and
shared equipment when not in use.
•
•
•
•
Consolidate other equipment –
share coffee pots, microwaves,
refrigerators, etc. between
departments.
Dress for the weather and set the
thermostat a little lower in winter
and a little higher in summer.
Give feedback, help and encourage
your peers to reduce their energy
consumption.
All actions can be copied at home
for personal energy savings as well!
19
Example: Jail Kitchen Hood
Current Usage and Cost for the Jail Kitchen Hood (11 hours ‘on’ per day)
Average Outdoor Air
Conditions
Energy in units Cost per Unit
Energy to
Annual Cost to
Quantity of Operational
Annual
Condition
Condition
Outdoor
Indoor
outside air, Hours per
Average
Indoor Design
Indoor Hours of
Outside Air,
Outside Air
Average
Design
CFM
Week
Temperature,
Temperature,
Enthalpy, Operation
Therms kWh Therms kWh
BTUs/yr
Continuously, $
Enthalpy,
Humidity,
o
o
F
F
BTU/#m
BTU/#m
% RH
Winter:
1800
77
31.9
Summer:
1800
77
73.5
Average Indoor Air Conditions
72
34.98
75
50
28.1
2002
195,080,886
2002
111,567,456
1,951
$0.79
32,699
$1,532
$0.08
Total annual cost:
$2,505
$4,037
Possible Savings for the Jail Kitchen Hood (reduction of 6 hours ‘on’ per day)
Winter:
Summer:
1800
1800
42
42
31.9
73.5
34.98
72
75
50
28.1
1092
1092
106,407,756 1,064
$0.79
60,854,976
17,836
$0.08
Potential Savings:
$836
$1,366
$2,202
20
De-lamping
• Sandy at Portland Street
Annex has already requested
this action.
• Savings per year:
Lamps
Removed
kWh
reduced
12
1152
• Good option for over-lit
offices, hallways, etc.
without a double switch
option.
Savings
$110.50
• This can be done with nearly
any 2, 3 or 4 lamp fixture for
an average savings of about
$7.75 per fixture per year.
21
LOW COST ACTIONS
22
Switch to Lower Wattage Lamps
•
Replace any existing Incandescent bulbs with CFL bulbs – longer life and lower
energy costs.
Incandescent
•
•
Cost
Lifetime
CFL equivalent
Cost
Lifetime
Payback
60 watt
$0.42 1,000 hours
15 watt
$2.39 8,000 hours
400 hours
75 watt
$0.42 750 hours
20 watt
$2.70 8,000 hours
380 hours
100 watt
$0.42 750 hours
26 watt
$2.93 8,000 hours
310 hours
150 watt
$0.87 1,000 hours
42 watt
$11.10 12,000 hours
860 hours
Replace any existing T12 lamps with T8 lamps (Electric payback of 900 – 1000
hours).
Use low wattage T8 lamps and appropriate ballasts – 28 or 25 watt lamps with
programmed start ballasts will save the most energy in the long-term.
Lifetime
w/Programmed
Start Ballast
Annual Cost
for 2-Lamp
Fixture with
Instant Ballast
Annual Cost for 2Lamp Fixture with
Programmed
Ballast
Lamp
Cost
Lifetime
w/Instant
Start Ballast
32 watt T8
$1.94
30,000 hours
36,000 hours
$17.84
$16.69
28 watt T8
$2.99
36,000 hours
42,000 hours
$15.91
$15.01
25 watt T8
$2.72
40,000 hours
46,000 hours
$14.32
$13.62
23
Installation of the Vending Miser
• Mitch Showers at
UW Fond du Lac
has already
successfully
implemented
several of these.
• Appropriate locations throughout
the County include but are not
limited to:
–
–
–
–
Government Building
Safety Building
Healthcare Center
Fairgrounds
Initial Cost
Current Usage
Usage w/Vending
Miser
Yearly Savings Payback
$160 - $190
2900 kWh
1750 kWh
$132.25
1.2 – 1.4 years
1900 kWh
1140 kWh
$87.40
1.8 – 2.2 years
24
Installation of Occupancy Sensors
• Cost for a wall mounted occupancy sensor is about $65
• Cost for a ceiling mounted occupancy sensor is about $123
• Example for a given bathroom:
Yearly Electric
Savings
Payback (Wall
Mount with
Incentive)
Payback
(Ceiling Mount
with Incentive)
$36.66
$6.47
8.8 years
16.5 years
$30.25
$12.88
4.5 years
8 years
Hours
on/week
kWh/year
Electricity
Cost
Current
60
375
$43.13
With sensor
(15% estimate)
51
319
With sensor
(30% estimate)
42
263
• Focus on Energy gives a conservative estimate of 15%. Depending on
application, the EPA suggests 30 – 90 % for bathrooms.
• Focus on Energy also offers prescriptive incentives of $7.50 per wall
mounted sensor and $15 per ceiling mount occupancy sensor installed.
25
LED Retrofits for Wall Mounts,
Outdoor Canned Light Fixtures and
Parking Lot Lighting
26
HIGHER COST ACTIONS
27
HVAC Suggestions from Focus on Energy
• Switch from Pneumatic to Direct Digital
Controls where applicable
• Use Variable Frequency Drives for motors on
pumps
• Install ECM motors (Electronically
Commutating Motors) on evaporator fans
• Install a Heat Recovery System for Water
Heaters in the Government Building
28
RENEWABLE PROJECTS
29
Solar Electric
Minimum
Estimated
(Focus)
From SolRE
(Madison)
From Venture
(Waukesha)
Maximum
Estimated
(Focus)
$4750/kW
$5750/kW
$6000/kW
$9500/kW
Estimated
production
1200 kWh/kW
1200 kWh/kW
1200 kWh/kW
1200 kWh/kW
Price/kWh
$.115
$.115
$.115
$.115
Payback period
34 years
42 years
43.5 years
69 years
With max aid
24 years
from Focus (30%)
29 years
30.5 years
48 years
30
Solar Water Heating
• $300,000-350,000
estimated total install
cost.
• Estimated annual
production is
458,933,049 Btu, which
is 4,590 Therms.
• Annual savings - $3,605
• Payback without aid is 83
to 97 years, with max aid
is 58 to 68 years.
Photo courtesy of Next Generation Energy’s Photo Gallery
http://www.ngeus.com/Gallery.aspx
31
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
32
Efficiency
• Keep buildings well insulated
• Make energy efficient
replacements at failure of
equipment
Renewable Technologies
• Wind spire turbines (Rough
estimate - $15,000 for one
spire, produces about 2000
kWh per year, 68 year simple
payback)
Appliances
• Energy Star rating for new
equipment purchases such as
office equipment, ice machine
and laundry in Healthcare
Center, etc.
Other
• Double sided printers
(automatic eco settings)
• Can, bottle and paper
recycling in buildings and at
events.
• Encourage carpooling, taking
public transportation, walking
or biking to work.
33