The Internet and Web
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Please discontinue use of cell
phone and turn off ringer
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Internet Technology
Internet Communications
Web technology
Web Applications
4.1
Internet Technology
What is the Internet?
Key Terms
• Internet Backbone
• Internet Service Provider
(ISP)
• Routers
• Dial-up Connection
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• Cable modem
connection
• DSL connection
• DSS connection
• Protocols
• TCP/IP
•
•
•
•
IP Address
Client/server
Port
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
What is the Internet?
Visualization of the Internet’s topology from
http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html
A Brief History of the Internet
http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
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Internet Growth
www.internetworldstats.com
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Internet Hardware
 The Internet backbone consists of the
main pathways and connections of the
Internet owned primarily by telecom
companies.
Verizon’s/MCI’s UUNet carries 28% of Internet traffic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone
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Internet Hardware
 Network Service Providers
 Major telecom
companies that provide
the Internet backbone.
Network Service
Providers
27.9%
Verizon/MCI/UUNET
10.0%
AT&T
6.5%
Sprint
6.3%
Genuity (level 3)
4.1%
PSINet
3.5%
Cable & Wireless
2.8%
XO Communications
2.6%
Verio
1.5%
Qwest
http://navigators.com/isp.html
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Internet Hardware
 Points of Presence (POPs)
 Facilities provided by Network Service Providers
that allow users to connect to the Internet
backbone.
 Internet Service Providers
 Companies that provide users with access to the
Internet.
 Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable
Top 22 ISP’s:
http://www.isp-planet.com/research/rankings/usa.html
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Internet Hardware
 Routers: computing
devices that manage
network traffic by
evaluating data packets
and routing them to their
destination.
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm
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7’
The Cisco CRS-1 router is
controlled by a unique selfhealing and self-defending
operating system designed for
always-on operation while
scaling system capacity up to 92
Tbps. Routers such as this one
manage traffic on the Internet
Backbone.
Packet Switching
 A packet switching network divides all
network data into small packets for faster,
more efficient delivery.
An email message
Dear Joan,
Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it looks like I
might graduate this semester after all! :-) My computer
teacher is really great and I guess that I learned more than
I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had previously
written you about….
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Packet Switching
Divided into packets
Dear Joan,
Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it
looks like I might graduate this semester after all! :-) My
computer teacher is really great and I guess that I
learned more than I thought in those wonderful lectures
that I had previously written you about….
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Packet Switching
Packet headers added
Dear Joan,
Hi! How’s it goin’? Just finished midterms, and it
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 1 of 3
From sweetykb@aol.com
To joan_kelly@yale.edu
looks like I might graduate this semester
after all! :-) My computer teacher is really
great and I guess that I
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 2 of 3
From sweetykb@aol.com
To joan_kelly@yale.edu
learned more than I thought in those
wonderful lectures that I had previously
written you about….
Message 3761HZA Date May 1
Packet 3 of 3
From sweetykb@aol.com
To joan_kelly@yale.edu
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Packet Switching
Each packet sent individually over the network
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Packet Switched Network
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
Router
email
Router
Router
Router
Router
email
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Router
Router
Circuit Switched Network
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Packet Switching
 Packet switching is much more efficient
than circuit switching.
Technology: Networking/Telecoms
Wednesday 28 May 2003
Sprint moves to packet-switch network
Sprint is to change its entire circuit-switched telephone network to packet
technology in an attempt to keep up with customer demand for capacity.
Sprint's eight million lines will be moved over to the packet-based asynchronous
transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing voice, video and data to be broken down into
small digital blocks and sent, in effect, simultaneously.This allows the network to be
used more efficiently, and will also allow new multimedia services, Sprint said.
Sprint is the first major telecoms company to move all of its local, tandem and longdistance networks over to packet technology, according to Nortel
Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller.
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Internet Protocols
 Protocols are rules that govern how data is
transmitted and received.
 They govern all Network and Internet
communications:
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


The Internet
The Web
Email
Instant Messaging
Etc.
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Ports are numeric addresses
assigned to specific network
services, and used in packet
headers to direct data packets to
the appropriate service. See
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_T
CP_and_UDP_port_numbers
Internet Protocols
 TCP/IP
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Divides data into
packets for transmission, and reassembles data from
packets upon delivery.
 Internet Protocol (IP): Controls the delivery of packets
between IP addresses.
 IP Address
 a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of
information that is sent in packets across the Internet.
 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111
 128.255.181.29
 www.fsu.edu
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Network Architectures
 Client/Server
 Peer-to-Peer
Original Napster vs. Kazaa
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4.2
Web Technology
What is the Web?
Key Terms
•
•
•
•
•
Hyperlink
HTTP
Web browser
Web server
URL
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•
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HTML
XML
XHTML
Web authoring software
Cookies
• Plug-in
• Content Streaming
The Web
 The World Wide Web is an Internetbased service that provides convenient
access to information through
hyperlinks.
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Web Protocols & Standards
 HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines
and controls communication between Web
server and client (Web browser).
 URL: Uniform Resource Locator is the
fancy name for a Web address.
http://www.cengage.com/coursetechnology/swt3/topics.html
Domain name
http://www.icann.org/
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Web Protocols & Standards
 HTML: Hypertext Markup Language is the
formatting language used to define the
appearance of Web pages.
 Try View Source in IE
 XML: New and popular standard for
describing and classifying data in Web
pages and other Web services.
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Web Protocols & Standards
 Many of today’s
popular applications
store files in XML
format for easy data
sharing.
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Inventory.xml
Catalog.xhtml
Design.css
Web Server
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Web Client
Web-Authoring Software
 Web Authoring Software allows you to
create HTML documents using wordprocessor-like software
Macromedia’s
Dreamweaver
software allows
you to design
Webpages and
Websites using a
WYSIWYG
interface.
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Programming the Web
 Cookies are data generated by a Web
server, and stored on your computer.
 Used to target marketing or customize a
webpage when you next visit the server.
Demo
www.amazon.com
IE/Tools/Options/Settings/
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Web Browser Plug-Ins
A plug-in is a program that works with
the browser to offer extended services
–typically the ability to view animations
or video, listen to music, or interact with
the Webpage.
Popular plug-ins include Flash and
Quicktime.
Demos:
http://harrypotter.warnerbros.com
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Web Browser Plug-Ins
 Content streaming allows media files to play
while they are being delivered by the Web
server.
www.movies.com
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4.3
Internet and Web
Applications
How are they used?
Key Terms
• Search engine
• Synchronous
communication
• Asynchronous
communication
• E-mail
• E-mail attachment
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Instant messaging (IM) • Video Conferencing
Chat
• Telecommuting
SMS Text messaging
Blogs
Web 2.0
Wiki
Social Bookmarking
The Internet & Web
Communications
The Web
E-commerce
Information
Distribution
The Internet
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Web Tools
 Search Engines: Helps us find
information on the Web through
keyword searches of databases
built by spiders or crawlers
(http://a9.com/).
 Subject Directories: A catalog
of sites collected and organized
by people.
 Portals: Web pages that serve as
entry points to the Web.
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Communication and
Collaboration
Effectiveness
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Face to Face
Video + Voice
Voice Only
Text Only
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Communication and
Collaboration
 Synchronous Communication takes place in
real time.
 Phone conversation
 Instant Messaging
 Asynchronous Communication allows
participants to leave messages to be
accessed whenever.
 Voice mail
 Email
 SMS Texting
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3. Phone (voice)
4. Instant messaging/Chat
5. Voice mail
6. Email
7. SMS Texting
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Convenience
Asynchronous
1. Face-to-face
2. Video conferencing
Effectiveness
Synchronous
Communication and
Collaboration
Researchers at
Caltech’s VRVS lab
are able to video
Conference from
36,000 feet above the
Pacific Ocean.
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Communication and
Collaboration
 Text based Communication
 Email
 Attachments
 Instant messaging (IM)
 Chat
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2nd Life with avatars in a 3D virtual environment
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Communication and
Collaboration
 SMS Text Messaging
 Predictive Text Input
H
1
2abc
3def
4ghi
5jkl
6mno
7pqrs
8tuv
9wxyz
0
http://www.transl8it.com
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4ghi
E
L
L
O
3def
5jkl
5jkl
6mno
Decipher this!
35 or 243 possible words
Communication and
Collaboration
RSS (Really Simple
Syndication) A webcontent distribution
technology
 Blogs (Web logs) are websites created to express
one or more individual’s views on a given topic (ie.
http://www.bloglines.com/topblogs)
 A blog aggregator is software that allows you to subscribe
to numerous blogs (ie.
http://www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/)
 A Podcast is an audio file that contains a recorded
broadcast distributed over the Internet for use on
PC or Mobile media device.
 Podcast Aggregator: provides access to podcasts that
may be set to automatically download to your PC (iTunes).
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Web 2.0
 The collaborative, social Web
 The Web as a computing
platform
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Social Networking - Web sites that provide tools allowing members
to share information about themselves with other members and find
others with similar interests.
Wiki - A Web site designed to allow users to add, remove, and edit,
content.
Social Bookmarking - Provide a way for members to store, classify,
share, and search Web bookmarks.
Media Sharing - Web sites that allow members to share video, music, and
photos, with others.
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Web 2.0 The Social
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Facebook (social net), www.facebook.com
MySpace (social net), www.myspace.com
LinkedIn (pro social net), www.linkedin.com
Digg (news, bookmarking), www.digg.com
Delicious (bookmarking), www.delicious.com
Wikipedia (crowdsourced encyclopedia), www.wikipedia.com
Epinions (consumer reviews), www.epinions.com
Flickr (photo sharing), www.flickr.com
SmugMug (photo sharing), www.smugmug.com
YouTube (video sharing), www.youtube.com
Second Life (3D social net), www.secondlife.com
Plaxo (aggregator), www.plaxo.com
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Web 2.0 Blog Micro-blog
* WordPress, www.wordpress.com
* Blogger, www.blogger.com
* Twitter, www.twitter.com
* Jaiku, www.jaiku.com
* Pownce, www.pownce.com
* Plurk, www.plurk.com
* Spoink, www.spoink.com
* Swurl, www.swurl.com
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Web 2.0 Rich Internet
Apps (RIA)
•Google Docs (productivity apps), http://docs.google.com
•37signals (personal info mng), www.37signals.com
•Zoho (variety), www.zoho.com
•FlyPaper (presentations), www.flypaper.com
•SlideRocket (presentations), www.sliderocket.com
•icloud (web-based OS), www.icloud.com
•eyeos (web-based OS), www.eyeos.com
•Buzzword (word process), www.buzzword.com
•todoist (to-do list), www.todoist.com
•Photoshop Express (photo editing),
www.photoshop.com/express
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Communication and
Collaboration
 Vlog (Vodcast)
 Video-based blogs (www.vlogdir.com/)
 Consumer Generated Media is the recent
trend of the general public capturing and
reporting the news.
www.current.tv
How does consumer genereated media
compare to main stream media?
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
 Technology that
enables network
managers to route
phone calls over
the same network
they use for data.
Future of Phones: http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/video_audio_archive/?all
Also see Video Telephony
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Residential VoIP
• Residential VoIP, Broadband Phone
•
Phone service over a broadband Internet
connection.
http://www.voipchoices.com/vonage.html
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Video Conferencing
 Video conferencing is a technology
that combines video and voice
communications along with document
sharing.
Telecommunications is the
process of working from
locations away from the office
by using telecommunications
technologies.
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News and Information
 On-line news services allow you to drilldown into the story to get background
information and details.
Webcasting uses the Web
to deliver news video
footage.
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Education and Training
 Life-long learning is your future…
NETg Offers…
• 1,850 IT and
desktop e-Learning
courses
• 1,300 business and
professional
development eLearning courses
• 2,000 up to date,
searchable, IT,
Desktop and
Business Books
from Safari
• 250 instructor and
student manuals for
ILT training
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E-commerce
 E-commerce has opened up new
opportunities in buying and selling.
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Travel
 The Web has transformed the travel
industry.
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Employment and Careers
 The Web assists us in researching
career possibilities:
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Selecting a career
Researching companies
Networking with colleagues
Searching want ads
Creating Resumes & Professional
Websites
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Multimedia & Entertainment
 Music
 Movies
 Games
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Information
Consumers are increasingly reliant
upon online resources to ease and
inform major life events.
 Research on the Web
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Subject Directories, and Search Engines
Issues of reliability
Library Web sites
Research Databases
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4.4
The Future Internet
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The Future Internet
 Internet2 is a research and development
consortium led by over 200 U.S.
universitoes and supported by
partnerships with industry and
government to develop and deploy
advanced network applications and
technologies for tomorrow’s Internet.
 The National LambdaRail (NLR), or
Internet3 is a cross country, high-speed
fiber-optic network dedicated to
researching high-speed networking
applications.
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High-Speed Internet
Applications
 Interactive Collaboration
Long distance collaboration and
education.
www.accessgrid.com/
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Two dancers in different locations
dance together.
High-Speed Internet
Applications
 Real-time access to remote Resources
Scientists can control the astronomical telescopes at Gemini
observatories in Hawaii and Chile from any location on
Internet2.
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High-Speed Internet
Applications
 Large-scale Multisite Computation and
Data Mining
 Shared Virtual Reality
Consider the future of
www.secondlife.com
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Chapter 4 Questions?
Don’t forget to turn
your phone on!!
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