Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil
Joshua Guerra
Matt Grywalski
William Mehnert
Overview
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Project Objectives
Conceptual Design
Q&A for Presentation 1
Technical Analysis
Plan for Phase 3
Nugget Chart
Conclusion
Project Objective
• Convert a gasoline engine to operate
on E85 without sacrificing fuel
consumption, increasing performance
and reducing emissions
• Provide a control system unit to
manage the engine
Conceptual Design
FFS
ECM
Injectors
Ignition
Exhaust
Gases
O2
EGT
Fuel
Q&A Presentation 1
• Engine Cooling
– No change to combustion chamber
temperatures
• Materials
– Engines have been manufactured to run
on ethanol (E10) for over a decade
Areas for Technical Analysis
• Ignition Timing
• Explosion Limits
• Emissions
• Power/Torque
Ignition Timing
• Used to control power and chamber
temperatures
• Typical Ignition timing ranges from
5˚BTDC at start to over 40˚BTDC at
higher RPMs
• Temperatures and power will be
measured before and after the
conversion to optimize timing
Ignition Timing
Explosion Limits
• Equations:
– LEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/lel1 +P2/lel2 + ...
Pn/leln)
– UEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/uel1 +P2/uel2 + ...
Pn/ueln)
Fuel
Gasoline
Ethanol
Lower Limit
1.4
3.3
Upper Limit
7.6
19
Explosion Limits
• LEL=1/[(.15/1.4)+(.85/3.3)]=2.74
• UEL=1/[(.15/7.6)+(.85/19)]=15.5
• Lambda
– Measures fuel content in combustion chamber
(AFR/AFRstoich)
– Typical range between .68 and 1.4
– Corresponding values based on explosion limits
are .56 to 3.65
• Fuel will combust
Emissions
• Although emissions can be
theoretically calculated the process is
extremely involved
• Emissions will be measured prior to
conversion and after (without the use
of a catalytic converter) based on EPA
standards
Emissions
• Local Testing Procedure (IM240)
– 240 Seconds Test
– Average Speed 30 MPH
– Max Speed 56.7 MPH
– Total of 2 Miles
– Idle time to be less than 3.8% of total time
Power/Torque
• Power Calculated from measured
Torque
– HP =(Torque x rpm)/5250
• Torque optimized by changing timing
• Baseline and final torque will be
measured on a chassis dynamometer
Power/Torque
Sample affects of ignition timing
Ignition
Timing
(Degree)
Temperature
(K)
Work
(J)
Exerted Pressure
(kPa)
0°
2500
20
3600
-5°
2550
21
4275
-10°
2600
22
5700
+5°
2450
18
3075
**Based on applet designed by Colorado State,
http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~allan/thermo/page6/EngineParm2/Engine.html
Timing adjusted, all other values held constant
Plan for Phase 3
• Prototype
– Ignition timing model
– Fuel consumption model
• Plan
– Fit ECM to engine with existing sensors
– Test engine operation prior to conversion
• Purchase
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Engine
ECM
Various Sensors
Dynamometer time
Nugget Chart
Conclusion
• With ignition timing, we will control the
combustion in the cylinder chamber
• We will provide a kit that will enable
someone to run on E85/gasoline blend
Thank you
• Any Questions?
Reference
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www.change2E85.com
www.megasquirt.info
www.flextek.com
www.e85fuel.com
www.eere.energy.gov
www.diablosport.com
www.e85vehicles.com
www.e85prices.com
www.aa1car.com
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http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=33615
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/explosive-concentration-limits-d_423.html
http://www.allpar.com/fix/EPAMethods.html
http://www.techedge.com.au/vehicle/wbo2/wblambda.htm
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Effect of Advanced injection timing on emission characteristics of diesel
engine running on natural gas
Effect of Ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust
emissions in different compression ratio
The effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on
engine performance and exhaust emissions
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Chemical Equilibrium
• Gasoline
– C8H18+12.5(O2+3.76N2) 
CO2+3H2O+12.5(3.76N2)
• Ethanol
– C2H5OH+3(O2+3.76N2) 
2CO2+3H2O+3(3.76N2)
Formulas Used