Purpose: To determine the speed of sound in the room using the principle of resonance
Materials/Equipment:
 Graduated cylinder filled 90% with water
 Resonance tube
 5 tuning forks of different frequencies
 Green stopper (to hit tuning forks with)
 Meter stick
Set-up/Diagram:
Procedure:
1.
Get a graduated cylinder and fill it with water about 90% of its capacity. Place a resonance tube in the cylinder. You can vary the length of the resonant air column by moving the tube up and down in the graduated cylinder.
2.
Select a tuning fork and record its frequency. Strike the tuning fork on the green rubber stopper. Hold the tuning fork with its tines about 1 cm above the resonant tube. Move both the fork and the resonant tube up and down until the air column gives the very loudest sound.
3.
At the location of the loudest sound, measure the length of the tube from the water level up to the top of the tube. Record the length (l) in meters.
4.
The length of the resonant tube is the distance between a node (formed by the water) and an antinode of the sound wave in the air. This is ¼ of a full wavelength so that the λ
=4l
5.
Using the frequency of the tuning fork and the wavelength you just calculated, compute the speed of sound for this trial.
6.
Repeat this for four more different tuning forks and construct a chart that will list the data collected and measured. These should include length of the tube, frequency, wavelength, and speed.
7.
Show one sample calculation for your first trial

Observations and Data:
Frequency
426.7
500
384
Length (m)
.209
.175
.221
320
256
.268
.324
Average speed= 344.1984
Wavelength
.836
.70
.884
1.072
1.296
Speed (m/s)
356.72
350.00
339.45
343.04
331.77
Calculations:
Speed= λf
=(83.6)(426.7)=356.72
λ= 4L= 4(.209)=.836
Conclusion:
1.
The actual speed of sound can be calculated by using the speed of sound at STP (332 m/s) and adding 0.6 m/s for each degree celcius abpve zero. Calculate the actua; speed of sound in this room using the temperature given by the teacher.
2.
Define these terms: standard solution; titration; end point; volumetric analysis; gravimetric analysis. standard solution: a solution that possesses a standard or accurately known strength that is used as a reagent in chemical analysis titration: to ascertain the quantity of a given constituent by adding a liquid reagent of known strength and measuring the volume necessary to convert the constituent to another form end point: the point in a titration usually noting the completion of a reaction and marked by a change of some kind, as of the color of an indicator volumetric analysis: determination of the concentration, by volume, of a substance in a solution, as by titration gravimetric analysis: analysis by weight
3.
If 30.0 mL of 0.500 M KOH is needed to neutralize 10.0 mL of HCl of unknown concentration, what is the molarity of the HCl?
MaVai=MbVbi
(x)(10.00 mL) = (0.500 M)(30.0 mL)
10x = 15 x = 15/10 x= 1.5 M HCl
Conclusion: when a standard solution is used to neutralize a precisely measured volume of unkown solution, it is known as titration. An appropriate amount of the proper indicator will be added as well.

When carrying out the process of titration, you must be able to tell when neutralization is completed. It would be at the end point that the number of hydronium ions from the acid would equal the number of hydroxide ions from the base. When the end point is reached, the volume of the standard solution used is measured. Then, the two measurements from the two solutions and the known concentration of the standard solution can be used to calculate the concentration of the other solution. The formula used to calculate this is (Ma)(Va)(i)=(Mb)(Vb )(i).