Dr. Hatala
Sleep Health
Presentation:
Lar-el Garaguso,
Kannov Kapoor,
Lauren Welch,
Vince Simone,
Brittney Morrison
and
Matt Symuleski
Sleep Patterns Among Rowan
University Students
 Research
Question: What is the
relationship between sleep health and
academic performance, nutrition, and
car accidents among Rowan University
students, ages 18-25

Hypothesis
 Sleep
does in fact, cause students to be
drowsy
 Negatively affects GPA, academic
performance and student health &
behavior
 Negatively affects driving performance
Sleep Health & Education
Sleep patterns appear to play a role in:
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Optimum learning & cognitive ability
Attention span and the ability to
understand
Memory retention
Decision making
Learning and retaining new info.
Sleep Health & GPA
According to the article:
 College students are most likely at risk for
lower GPA due to poor sleep patterns
 More sleep + consistent sleep schedules =
higher GPA
 Lab experimental studies show negative
effects for sleep deprivation
 Lack of sleep may cause: Motor skill
memory, attention span and problem
solving
Sleep Health & GPA
According to the article:
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University’s have implemented sleep
interventions to try and inform college
students about the affects of quality of
sleep & sleep patterns…
 Examples
included: Sleep management
courses, lectures, group discussions, & selfevaluation
College Students Sleep
Behavior and GPA
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College students place themselves of greater risk
of poor academic performance with bad sleeping
habits
Sleep deprivation causes students to be tired,
resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness
Sleep Problems have been associated with:
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Deficits in attention
Poor academic performance
Drowsy driving
Risk taking behavior
Depression
Impaired social relationships
Poorer health
Wolfson and Carskadon Study
 Wolfson
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and Carskadon Reported:
50 college students were Surveyed
 All
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deprived from sleep for 1 night
Students were then asked to solve math addition
problems, with participants picking the questions
to answer
Results Determined: After sleep loss, students
picked the easier problems to solve
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Gives the notion that students who are chronically
sleepy limit their future options by choosing easier
courses while in college
Recent Studies Discoveries
 25%-50%
of college students report
significant levels of daytime sleepiness
 Surveys and interviews reveal that
students have a strong interest in sleep,
and discussions talking about sleep are a
useful starting point to to address more
sensitive issues of physical and mental
health
 Interventions targeted at improving sleep
provides students to improve both health
and academic success
Sleep Health & GPA
 According
to the Journal of American
Health
 On average, students who had NOT
pulled an “all nighter” in the past week
showed an overall GPA of 3.26
 Compared with an average of 3.05 for
those who did stay up all night and pulled
an “all nighter”
 Students also cited poor sleep as a
significant factor that affected the quality
of their coursework
How Does Sleep Affect Our
Weight?
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From 2004-2008 Australian children were monitored by how
many hours they slept in correlation to their body mass
index(BMI) and the amount of physical activity they do.
3,495 children were assessed, 5-15 years old
The prevalence of obesity was 7.7%
The mean of sleep duration was 9.5 hours. 23.9% slept less then
9 hours.
Short sleep duration and obesity was linked between children
ages 5-10 years old.
Among the younger age group, comparing 9 to 10 hours of
sleep, the prevalence of obesity almost doubled from 22.3% to
11.5%
Short sleep duration and obesity was stronger in the younger
age group.
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(BMC-biomed public health)
The Link Between Sleep and
Obesity
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Adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Without the proper
amount of sleep, hormone levels become altered
The hormone ghrelin, which tells the brain that we’re
hungry, increases.
The hormone Leptin, which tells the brain that we’re full,
decreases.
The average Leptin levels decreased 18% when sleep was
restricted, and 28% with ghrelin.
In summation, when we don’t get enough sleep we feel
like we’re hungry even if we’ve eaten enough.
The stress hormone cortisol surges when we’re sleep
deprived. This surge causes us to crave high-fat and highcarbohydrate foods.

(Chicago Tribune; Lack of Sleep contributing to obesity-Anne Stein,
June 29, 2011)
More Studies Show…
 Out
of 8,234 children, the odds of being
obese by age 7 increased 50% for
children averaging fewer than 10 ½ hours
of sleep.
 58% of obese children averaged fewer
than 8 hours of sleep.
 11% of non-obese children averaged
fewer than 8 hours of sleep.
 (Chicago Tribune; Lack of Sleep
contributing to obesity-Anne Stein, June
29, 2011)
Rise and Fall of Sleep Quantity
and Quality Among College
Students
 This
study was designed to follow
university students for about seven months
during the academic year
 Reports of sleep, affect, stress, academic
effort, and social behavior were recorded
throughout this time period
 Surveys were paid each person receive
CND$10.00 for each survey and an
additional CND$5.00 for the final
Further Research
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Researchers found that if students got a good
night’s rest (8 hours or more) academic
performance, physical health, and
psychological well-being would be efficient
with one another, yet few students don’t get
sufficient sleep.
Studies show that the more negative affect
days were related to more stressful and
alcohol filled day, and less academic
performance. And the positive affect days
were related to less stress, better academic
performance, more socializing among peers
and alcohol use.
Relationship Between Sleep &
Motor Vehicle Driving
Performance
 Negative
sleep habits increase the risk for
car crashes in adolescents
 Young adults are involved in two thirds of
all sleepiness related crashes
 Sleepiness is a leading cause of car
crashes in adolescents
 Study shows poor sleep quality with
sleepiness while driving increased risk of
crash
Relationship Between Sleep &
Motor Vehicle Driving
Performance
The risk of road crashes is higher at night due to
sleepiness
 Blink duration and sleepiness indicators increased
during night time driving
 Sleepy driving was found to be related to
reduced speed and leftward position on the
road.
 Line crossing on the road has shown to increase
after sleep loss.
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Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle
Link
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Sleepiness is regarded as a significant contributor
to road crashes
Most estimates suggesting that at least 20% of all
vehicle accidents are related to sleepiness
Sleepiness related crashes are likely to be more
severe, and more often fatal, than other types of
crash
Components of sleepiness-related crashes can
include deficits in attention, vigilance and
information processing while drowsy, as well as
complete performance failure during small sleep
episodes
Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle
Link
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One study in the Journal of Clinical Sleep
Medicine looked at Sleep Quality and Motor
Vehicle Crashes in Adolescents
The purpose of this study was to look at and
achieve a better understanding of sleep and
driving habits and their relation with selfreported car accidents in adolescents.
This study shows how lack of sleep can have a
direct impact on an adolescent’s body
Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle
Link
 In
the study questionnaires (with items
exploring driving and lifestyle habits) were
distributed to 339 students who had a
driver’s license and attended 1 of 7 high
schools
 In the study 19% of the sample reported
bad sleep
 64% complained of daytime sleepiness
and 40% reported sleepiness while driving.
Sleep Health & Motor Vehicle
Link
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Eighty students (24%), 76% of which were
males, reported that they had already
crashed at least once.
15% considered sleepiness to have been the
main cause of their crash.
The results in the study confirm that many
students do not receive enough rest.
Bad sleep, sleepiness at the wheel, male sex
and some unhealthy lifestyle habits increased
the risk for car crashes among young drivers.
According to the University of
Colorado School of Medication…
Variable
Do you feel you get enough
sleep?
• Never or rarely
• Sometimes (1-2 a week)
• Always (Every night)
Percent
Yes: 42.2%
Yes: 51.6%
Yes: 6.2%
Is it Hard to wake up in the
morning?
Yes: 71.9%
Do you wake up tired in the
morning?
Yes: 82.8%
Do you have trouble with
sleepiness during the day?
Yes: 71.9%
Do you fall asleep in class?
Yes: 29.7%
Do you have difficulty
concentrating in school
during the day?
Yes: 57.8%
Our Study – Sleep Health
Surveyed
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Total: 100 Participants
 Females: 40
 Males: 60
Percent
40%
60%
 Class:
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Freshman: 20
Sophomores: 26
Juniors: 32
Seniors: 22
20%
26%
32%
22%
Our Study – Sleep Health
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Major:
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Liberal Arts:
Communications:
Business:
Exercise Science
Biology:
Phys Ed:
Education:
Public Relations:
Engineering:
Sociology:
Criminal Justice:
Accounting:
Psychology:
Participants
4
7
8
25
8
10
13
7
6
3
3
4
2
Percent
4%
7%
8%
25%
8%
10%
13%
7%
6%
3%
3%
4%
2%
Student Results: GPA
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Sleep During Weekdays (Mon-Thur):
Hours
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3-4:
5-6:
7-9:
GPA (In Terms of Students)
3.1
2.9 (3x), 3.0 (2x), 3.1, 3.4 (3x), 3.6, 3.7 (2x), 3.8 (2x)
2.8, 3.0, 3.3, 3.4, 3.8
Sleep During Weekends (Fri-Sun):
Hours
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3-4:
5-6:
7-9:
GPA (In Terms of Students)
3.1, 3.3
3.0, 3.1, 3.3 (2x), 3.7 (2x), 3.8
2.8, 2.9 (3x), 3.4 (2x), 3.7, 3.8, 3.9
Class Skipped Due to Lack of
Sleep – During the Week
3-4 hours
5-6 hours
7-9 hours
Never
0 Students
12 Students
3 Students
1-2 Classes
1 Students
1 Students
3 Students
3-5 Classes
0 Students
0 Students
0 Students
Dozing Off During Class Weekdays
3-4 Hours
5-6 Hours
Often
10 students
5 students
Occasionally
2 students
35 students
Rarely
9 students
Never
9 students
7-9 Hours
15 students
15 students
Sleepiness During the Day due
to Lack of Sleep
 45
People answered yes
 52 Answered Sometimes
 3 People answered no
Motor Vehicle Accidents Due
to Sleep
 Question:
How many people do you know
between the ages of 18-25 who have
been in a car accident while driving due
to drowsiness?
 No One: 53 people
 1 Person: 31 people
 2 People: 14 people
 3+ People: 2 people
Question: On average
how many times per
week this semester do
you eat breakfast?
Breakfast
3-4 Hours
5-6 Hours
7-9 Hours
8 people
7 people
12 people
1-2 times
30 people
5 people
3-5 Times
38 people
0 times
Question: Do you feel like
you eat more than usual
after a night of sleep
deprivation?
Eating Habits
3-4 hours
5-6 hours
7-9 hours
Yes
9 people
21 people
7 people
Sometimes
4 people
1 person
3 people
35 people
20 people
No
37 People answered Yes, 8 answered sometimes, and 55 answered no*
Conclusion
 Due
to the limited participants,
Information regarding the sleep results
with GPA, and academic performance
are varied and can not be concluded
 Results are also the same regarding
Nutrition and drowsiness while operating a
car
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Need more participants to be surveyed
Further research is needed for more
accurate results
Why should college students
be interested in learning
about sleep health?
 Sleep
health concerns all types of people
Sleep health based on previous scholarly
research shows there is a link between sleep
and the overall health of a person,
including college students.
References
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Boone, Jessica, Deschenesm, Micheline C., Ference, Jennifer, Horswill, Mark S., Scialfa, Charles T., & Wetton, Mark.
(2011). A hazard perception test for novice drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention: Volume 43 No. 1. 204208.
Eberhart, Russell, Hu, Xiaohui, & Foresman, Brian H. (2000). Dangers of sleepiness and inattention while driving. Eberhart
Et Al: Volume 100 No. 8. 9-14.
Galambos, N. L., Howard, A.L. & Maggs, J.L. (2011). Rise and Fall of Sleep Quantity and Quality with student experiences
across the first year of University. Journal of Research and Adolescence, 342-349.
Gaultney, J.F. (2010). The prevalence of sleep disorders in college students: Impact on academic performance. Journal
of American College Health, 91-97.
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determinants. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 66(6),1246-1256.
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Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Orzech, Kathryn, Salafsky David B, & Hamilton, Lee Ann. (2011). The state of sleep among college students at a large
public university. Journal of American College Health, 612-619.
Pagel, F. James. (2010). Sleep complaints affecting school performance at different educational levels. Frontiers in
Neurology: Volume 1, article 125.
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Sandberg, David, Anund, Anna, Fors, Carina, Kecklund, Goran, Karlsson, Johan, Wahde, Mattias, & Akerstedt, Torbjorn.
(2011). The characteristics of sleepiness during real driving at night – A study of driving performance,
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obesity among Australian children. BioMed Central Public Health.
Stein, Anne. (2011, June 29). Lack of sleep contributing to obesity. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from
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