Name: Christian Saldarriaga Date: 08/29/15
th
Period: 4
Unit 1 Study Guide
Vocabulary/Terms
1. Psychology- The science of behavior and mental processes.
2. Behavior- The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without
reference to mental processes.
3. Cognition- All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and
communicating.
4. Empiricism- The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should,
therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
5. Structuralism- Early school of psy. That used introspection to explore the structural elements of
the human mind.
6. Introspection- Looking inward to training people to report elements of their experience as they
looked at a rose.
7. Functionalism- School of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes
function- how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
8. Dualism- Division of something conceptually into two opposed or contrasted aspects, or the
state of being so divided.
9. Psychometrics- The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
10. Basic research- Pure science that aims to increase the sci. knowledge base.
11. Applied research- Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
12. Natural selection- Principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing
to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
13. Clinical psychology- Branch of psy. That studies, assesses, and treats people psy. Disorders.
14. Counseling psychology- Branch of psy. That assists people with problems in living and in
achieving greater well- being.
15. Psychiatrist- Person that deals with psy. Disorders, and practiced by physicians who often
provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.
Theories
1. Nature vs nurture- Nature deals with genetics, and nurture deals with the environment.
2. Stability vs change- Stability is the time that passes, but you have the same personality, and
other things, and change is the change of physical appearance.
3. Rationality vs irrationality- Rationality contributes to you thinking about your actions before
made, and irrationality contributes to impulsive actions.
4. Biopsychological approach- Bio is biological which is genetics, psycho refers to the psychological
influences, or the thinking patterns, which is the way you learn, and social refers to inf, of
family, and friends, and it is about the cult., and neighborhood.
5. Psychoanalysis- Freud’s theory of per. That att. Thoughts and actions to unconscious motives
and conflicts.
6. Behaviorism- The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior
without reference to mental processes.
7. Humanistic Psychology- Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth
potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for per. Growth.
8. Cognitive Neuroscience- The interdisciplinary study of the brain act. Linked with cognition (inc.
perc., thinking, memory, and language).
9. Experimental psychology- The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
10. Biological Psychology- Branch of psy. That studies the links between biological (including
neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psy. Processes.
11. Evolutionary Psychology- The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the
principles of natural selection.
12. Psychodynamic Psychology- Branch of psy. That studies how unconscious drives and conflicts
influence behavior, and uses that info. To treat people with psychological disorders.
13. Behavioral psychology- The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by
principles of learning.
14. Cognitive psychology- The scientific study of all the mental act. Associated with thinking,
knowing, remembering, and communicating.
15. Social-cultural psychology- The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and
thinking.
16. SQ3R- A study method incorporating five steps survey, question, read, rehearse, and review.
People
1. Socrates- Concluded that the mind is separated from the body and continues after the body
dies, and the knowledge is innate, and everything comes from genetics.
2. Aristotle- He believed the environment affects your intellect.
3. Rene Descartes- He believed the body, and mind was working by fluids.
4. John Locke- He believed in a concept called tabula rosa, that you are born not knowing anything,
but that knowledge comes from sensory info.
5. Charles Darwin- He argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies.
6. Wilhelm Wundt- Create an experimental apparatus and est. the first laboratory at the University
of Leipzig, Germany.
7. Edward Titchener- Used introspection to search for the mind’s structural elements and he
wanted to engage people in self-reflective introspection.
8. J. Henry Alston- First research published in a journal his study provided the basis for
understanding how skin receptors of warmth and cold work together.
9. William James- Legendary teacher-writer
10. Mary Calkins- Became a pioneering memory researcher and the first woman to be president of
the American Psy. Association
11. Margaret Washburn- First woman to receive a psychology Ph.D., Washburn synthesized animal
behavior research in The Animal Mind.
12. Sigmund Freud- The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have
influenced humanity’s self-understanding.
13. John B. Watson- Championed psy. As the science og behavior and demonstrated conditioned
resp. in a baby who became famous as “Little Albert.”
14. Abraham Maslow- Found behaviorism’s focus on learned behaviors too mechanistic