Deep Underground and Sea Nuclear Park
Accelerator Facility
Hiroshi Takahashi
Brookhaven National Laboratory
KEK FFAG 05
At KUR Dec. 4-9, 2005
ADS
• Why ADS
• President Carter’ s International Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Assesment (INFCE) 25 years ago.
• BNL proposed LWR fuel rejouvenation
• 400 MW beam (Prof. Lawrence MTA )Linac at
LNAL conference
• Director Prof. Deusche at DOE tel call to BNL
director Vineyard To Fire 4 people Kouts. P.
Grand, Steinberg, Takahashi. Powell
ADS (2)
• Dr. Mukaiyama JAERI proposed incinerate
minor actinide by fast reactor.
• Low delayed neutrons it is dangerous to
operate in critical condition.
• Phenics fast reactor sudden drop of power
• I proposed to run sub-critical condition in
Ispra workshop k=0.99
• International symposium at Madrid
• Mandrion cyclotron proton beam
ADS (3)
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0.6MW proton Beam SIN cyclotron
FFAG for more flexible beam Prof. Mori
POP accelerator
10 MW 1.5 Gev beam run 1GWe power
reactor k=0.99
• advanced FFAG by Mori and Ruggiero .
• I hope to have high power 10 MW beam
Deep Underground Nuclear Park
Concept
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Nuclear Energy
LWR reactor 1GW e GE,
Shoreham NP plant in Long Island
North of BNL 5 miles
Underground Reactor
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A. Sachrov
E Teller
Sweden,
Switerland
Kansai Electric Power Company Study
Kannagawa Hydulic Power Plant
• 600 meter deep underground between
artificial lakes of
• embedded the generator station and
transformer
• embedding the reactor pressure vessel into
earth through the sands or the other grout
type material
TEPCO kannagawa Hydraulic
Power plant
Deep underground laboratory
• High energy physics
• Geology mineralogy,
• Volcano inner earth ( Nagamine pioneering work
using muon beam can be extended use of neutrino
Tomography and transmutation )
• Biology. Bacteria activity in deep underground
• Dr. R. Davis , Home Stake gold mine (solar
neutrino)
• Prof. Koshiba, Super-Kamiokande
Deep underground accelerator
facility
• Proposed for deep underground nuclear park concept
for nuclear energy.
• Many advantage over near earth surface facility
• Natural shielding reduces the cost
• Fast Pulsed reactor like Dubna, Euratom, BNL
( 1000MW,peak power)
• many neutrinos produced from nuclear reaction and
use of anti-electron neutrino from fission reaction
similar to N.P generation of electricity ?
Heavy Metal Decay Chains
Neutron capture
Pu
240
EC
(n,2n) reaction
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A
Pu
239
Np
238
Pu
238
U
237
Np
237
U
236
Np
236
Cm
245
Pu
236
U
235
a
a
Pa
234
U
234
Th
233
Pa
233
U
233
(n,3n) Th
232
Pa
232
U
232
Th
231
Pa
231
U
231
Th
230
Np
239
Cm
246
Cm
244
Pu
243
Am
243
Cm
243
Pu
242
Am
342
Pu
241
a
Pu
240
(n,3n)
U
239
(n,3n)
Am
244
U
238
Np
239
Pu
239
Am
242
Am
241
Cm
242
LHC at CERN
LHC large hadron collider at CERN
Deep underground accelerator
facility(2)
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FFAG ( cyclotron 10 MW beam)
Many detectors, accelerator can be installed
Radiation field can be well shielded
Contamination of water can be avoided in
deep underground Even use of deep tunnel
water can be handled
• Solid foundation for heavy equipment
detector (50-100 ton on the solid rock)
Deep underground accelerator
facility
• Proposed for deep underground nuclear park
concept for nuclear energy.
• Many advantage over near earth surface
facility
• Natural shielding reduces the cost
• Fast Pulsed reactor like Dubna, Euratom, BNL
• generation of electricity, and use of antielectron neutrino
Weak interaction & Nuclear
Reactor Physics
• Delayed neutron
• Decay Heat for reactor safety
• Radio active waste (Managements)
Neutrino Physics
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electron neutrino
mu neutrino
tau-neutrino
dark matter
dark energy
cosmology
Mexico montrrey symposium Feb, 2005
High beam physics
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Quantum physics
Condensation of beam
Quantum condensation
Coherent sate description ( classical )
Multi phase analysis due to quantum
Quantum Field Theory (String theory
application)
Deep Underground Accelerator
Facility
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Deep Underground Nuclear Park
many possibility
earth shielding
high intensity : Protect from radiation
Pulsed fast reactor (Dubna, Euratom Ispra,
BNL)
• provides many energies of neutrinos
Deep Underground Accelerator
Facility
• Well shielded, no earth mound ( Expensive)
• Many detectors can be installed in close to
neutrino source
• High intensity, short experiments time
• Get high resolution data
• Electricity from fission power from target
reactor ( economical)
Pulsed fast reactor
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Dubna type pulsed reactor
supercritical by reflector rotation
Euratom (ISPRA)
BNL after HFBR
Spallation neutron source (1-10 MWe)
Fission energy
Power generation possible
Pulsed fast reactor
• Low energy Neutrino, Many energy
spectrum from Fission products and decay
products,
• Instead of commercial Nuclear Power Plant
Reactor (Kamiokande)
Pulsed fast reactor(2)
• Well defined Neutrino Source We can
calculate it by neutrino production taking
account many channel process similar to
cascade calculation, but it need the
sophisticated model for weak interaction
like beta decay study. Higgs field analysis
Low energy neutrino
• High Intensity neutrino than NPT ( short
distance, Variety of neutrino from many
decay process) many correlation functions
can be obtained by small volume detector
has been explored in research on the dark
energy, axion detection
Beta Decay analysis
• Long history reference, Profs. Wu, and
Moshinsky. Morita, Yamada
• Fermi Theory
• Weak interaction still going on research
work, cosmology, gravity , super string
theory.
Super computer
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Tera flop computer
IBM- BNL _Riken Collaboration
QCD molecular Dynamics
quantum computation
Entangled state, super radiant state
squeezed state,
• interaction between super strong laser and
particle
Formalism
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Hamiltonian
Lagrange formula
Feynman path integral formalism.
Stochastic quantization
quantum fluctuation computation
quantum noise, not complete random,
structure spectrum in polymer
Double beta decay
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Dirac neutrino
Mayorana neutrino
Symmetry Violation
CP violation
Electro-Baryon
g-2 experiments
Beyond Standard model
Loop diagram
Axion , dark matter and dark
energy detection
• University Chicago
• Si technology, Multi- cell detector
• Detector technology, Cell phone, digital
camera,
• multi channel, multi- modal,
• communication through using module
• Group theory, set theory, new mathematics
Neutrino Tomography
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Using high energy neutrino
neutrino from super-nova
neutrino from LWR power plants,
medium size detectors (Nano-Technology)
using low energy coherent neutrino reaction
Neutrino from pulsed reactor in
deep underground
• Short pulsed fission reaction milli sec width
• pulsed length can be changed
• by using the proper elements, we can make
many kind neutrino source energy spectrum
• delayed neutron decay heat study was
extensively done with our safety study
( Yamada group, Japan nuclear data center
Nuclear Data center
accumulating many data of
• Beta, alpha, gamma transition, but not
neutrino data
• Neutrino data is not obtained due to small
cross section, but it can be obtained by
taking the correlation functions in many
channels, theory is not well developed yet,
This can be explore with quantum field
theory developed for string theory in near
future.
Detector Technology
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Cherenkov counter
Si-Ge
Cd-Te
Nano-Technology
Double Beta Decay Search using
Cd Te Detectors
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Cobra 5 b-b- 4 b+b+
116 Cd 130 Te
Majorana neutrino mass <1 eV
K Zuber ( univ Dortmund Germany)
nucl-ex /05018v1
Proximity Focussing Ring
Imaging Cherenkov Counter
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Astro-ph/0201051
T. Thuiller, et al
PMT
pattern recognition
homeland security
Nuclear Reactor Safeguards and Monitoring with Anti
neutrino Detectors
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IAEA
nue +n-> e+n .
239Pu, 235U
neutron capture such as Cd, Cl, Li
tight time coincidence
high energy (~8 MeV, capture signature )
GEANT, GFLUKA, GCALOR CODES
Nuclear Reactor Safeguard and
Monitoring Antineutrino Detector
• Sandia Lab IAEA for non proliferation.Pu and U235, beta
decay of neutron rich fragments in Heavy element fission
• cubic meter size.
• nue+p-- e+ n , 1.81 MeV
• Large neutron capture G a, Cl or Li
• San Onofre NP
• small size detector organic sintilator, bio-compatible
scintillator phenylxylylethan
• A,A,Hahn, (Phys. Lett. B218(1989) 325, BR. Davis
Algebra operator formalism
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Commutator
non Abelian
factorization.
Polynomial formula
algebraic curve
function form.
Non linear formalism
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Algebraic curve
multi dimension
many kind manifold
Rieman geometry
gravity~Curvature, Ricci tensor, flatten
space for linear formalism
• neighbor ball , connection curve.
Formalism of differential
geometry
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Ricci tensor
number theory
fractional number
measure theory, dimension theory,
stability, singularity, surgery, horizon
polarization
outer multiplication, inner products, scalar
vector space tensor formalism
Deep underground laboratory
– Physics , chemistry biology, nuclear
engineering , cosmology dark matter
– Geology seismic study, earth science, magma
earth tectonic study. Earth movement
volcano study by muon beam or neutrino
beam
– Transportation. Civil engineering mega city,
Coherent neutrino
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Low energy long wave length
reaction are coherent
Increase the cross section
detector technology
Chicago University, New nano-technology
axion cherenkov radiation.
Green function formalism
Quantum Theory Free Electron
Laser
• 1978 paper, but It was not well accepted.
• Neutrino cross section is very small ,but the
coherent cross section
• miller, focussing of neutrino is possible.
• I am interested in low energy neutron rather
than high energy neutrino pursued in high
energy community,
Quantum Theory Free Electron
Laser
• Two times Green function method
• Su(2), SU(3)
• Non linear interaction
Weak interaction
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Fermi theory
Gammow Teller theory to
Quark physics
Flavor Change
B physics. To refine the theory
Low energy physics vs High energy physics
K meson ,
Neutrino physics
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Neutrino oscillation/
KMS theory
high energy neutrino
low energy neutrino beta-decay
decay process.
Combined with pulsed reactor
High neutrino intensity, short distance
between source and detector
Neutrino reaction mechanism
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SU(3) based group theory.
SU(2) +,- charge
high energy neutrino
tricolor
Quantum field theory,
Sting theory, differential geometry.
Higgs field formalism, super gravity
formalism.
Reactor physics
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JAERI
Heterogeneous system
Integral Transport Theory. Grpha,code.
Simple geometry, Slab lattice. Cylindrical
lattice,
• Neutron Thermalization. Neutron Scattering
Kernel
Reactor physics
• Nuclear cross section
• resonance escape probability
• Wigner’ formalism, Brigit Winger type
cross-section
• Winger Innonu
• Group theory low level state
• IBM model
• Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics
• Wood saxon potential
• nuclear reaction theory
• randum matrix formalism porter Dyson
meta resonance distribution.
• Particle , Point is not
• non local theory Yukawa
• missing energy by Pauli s formalism
neutrino
Nuclear physics
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Bohr-Wheeler
fission reaction
deformed liquid drop model
many shape
Ternary fission
Dumb bell shape
internal coordinate, multi dimension
Coordinate
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String theory
algebraic curve,
not straight line,
continuous , analytic, Caucy theory, gauss
pole branching points,
Manifold, non-local theory.
Lattice gauge theory
QCD lattice, Computation ( Si technology)
Quantum theory of free electron
laser
• Matsubara Two times Green function
method ( condensed matter physics, Linear
response theory, Prof. Kubo. Van Hove
theory)
• Non linear ,
• Extend the space to multi dimensional space
theory.
• Differential Geometry. Geometric
Universe(Roger Penrose)
Quantum Field Theory and string
theory
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Yang Mill’gauge theory
boundary of boundary is zero
closed manihold .
Twister integrable system and soliton,
instanton
• Framings, SU(2) - SU(3) invariance
• Super-complex manihold, Holonomy, and
Hyper- Geometric function.
Conformal Theory
• Einstein’s equation and Conformal
Structure
• twister 3-dimensional space times
• integrable Yang-Mills Higgs system
• Duality, triality. Kobayashi-Masukawa
KMS (theory)
• 4 dimensional Einstein Manifold.
Particle beam Physics,
• FFAG , Induction accelerator
• beam spill, quantum mechanical formalism.
• Quantum fluctuation to Classical, plasma
oscillation
• free electron quantum formalism, using the
Matsubara two time’s green function
method. High module formalism application
of the quantum field theory
• Number Theory, Modern mathematics.
Weak interaction (2)
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Fast pulsed reactor for neutron
Much higher power and neuron flux
Generating the power same time
Neutrino from Reactor Kansai Power
company
• TEPCO underground hydraulic power plant
• Many tunnels
Neutrino Physics
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Neutrino Oscillation
Davis , Home-Stake Gold mine
Deep underground
Neutrino Detector, Mirror,Focusing
Coherent Scattering and Absorption
Geological anormaly(Earth Quake,
Tsunami)
• Volcano( Nagamine), Pilamid
Beta Decay Theory
• Fermi., Gamow-Teller interaction
(classical) Long history in weak
interaction.)
• Lee Yang parity non conservation
• Co60 experiments by Prof. Wu
• proper Lorentz transformaton
• I= S.V.T, A, P ,scalar, vector, time
reversal,axial vector, parity
• neutrino helicity, polarization
Deep Sea Exploration
• Deep sea vents
• No digging earth
• Repair ( Fuel Exchange) can be done at dry
dock
• Submarine type operation but no air space,
embedding in sea water
• disposal into sea bottom?
Deep sea nuclear power plant.
• Submarine technology. Clean up of Russian
sub,
• embedding submarine no clue automatic
operation. Maintenance at dry dock by submarged reactor.
• Very thin pressure vessel.
• To prevent the ocean water, it should be
operated well protected bay
Deep sea NP.
• Economical, explore sea bottom, magma,
earth science study
• Japanese Chikyuu project for deep hole
program
• Neutrino detector program
• Earth science
• volcanic activity and the relation with
seismic analysis earth quake study
Deep Sea embedded reactor
• Deep sea neutrino experiments or bottom
of ice-field.
• Save the digging ground cost
• But should not contaminate the sea water by
accident need the tunnel in sea bottom.
Conclusion
• Deep underground is another Frontier
Neutrino Geophysics 2005
• Honolulu, Hawaii De.14-16, 2005
• Davis,