GRAMMAR
Yeaya
NOUNS
Person
Susie, Ms. Carey, Aunt Nicey
Place
California, school, park, India
Thing
book, football, soda, candy
Idea
pride, love, peace, anger, morals
FIND ALL OF THE NOUNS! THERE ARE 18
 The
cold passed reluctantly from the
earth. As the landscape changed from
brown to green, the army awakened and
cast its eyes upon the roads, which were
growing from long troughs of liquid mud
to proper thoroughfares. A river, ambertinted in the shadow of its banks, had
become sorrowful with blackness at
nightfall, and one could see across it the
red, eyelike gleam of hostile camp fires
set in the low brows of distant hills.

The cold passed reluctantly from the earth. As
the landscape changed from brown to green, the
army awakened and cast its eyes upon the roads,
which were growing from long troughs of liquid
mud to proper thoroughfares. A river, ambertinted in the shadow of its banks, had become
sorrowful with blackness at nightfall, and one
could see across it the red, eyelike gleam of
hostile camp fires set in the low brows of distant
hills.
PRONOUNS
Word that takes the place of a noun
--Personal Pronouns
I, you, me, her, his, him, she, they their, you, your,
its our we us
--Reflexive and Intensive
herself, himself, themselves, itself, etc.
--Demonstrative- directs attention
this, that, these, those
These items are broken.
--Relative- begins a subordinate clause
that, which, who, whom, whose
-Ted bought the gift that he liked.
-She sung a tune which brought tears to our eyes.

--Interrogative- begins a question
what, which, who, whom, whose
What were you thinking? Whose are these?
Who are you?
--Indefinite- refer to people, places, or things that are
not identified
all, another, any, anybody/anyone, anything, each,
everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none,
one, several, some, somebody/someone
Everyone was yelling. Is something bothering you?
Nobody likes me. There were none.
CIRCLE THE PRONOUNS IN THE SENTENCES
1. Did you see the painting that I did for the art fair at our school?
(4)
2. Cynthia and Julia took our books by mistake, and we picked up
theirs. (3)
3. Didn’t Reginald paint a portrait of himself? (1)
4. We could either buy the piñatas or make them ourselves. (3)
5. I am just not myself today. (2)
6. Who is your karate instructor? (2)
7. This is the song we sang in the talent show. (2)
8. Of the planets Mars and Venus, which is closer to Earth? (1)
9. I enjoyed reading the short stories, especially those. (2)
10. Is that a direct quotation? (1)
11. Everyone who went to the space camp had a wonderful time. (2)
12. None of these keys will unlock either of those doors. (3)
13. This apple is sweet. May I have another? (3)
14. Is anything wrong? You act as if something is troubling you. (4)
15. No one was absent today.(1)
16. All but one of the club members voted to increase membership
dues. (2)
1. Did you see the painting that I did for the art fair at our school? (4)
2. Cynthia and Julia took our books by mistake, and we picked up theirs. (3)
3. Didn’t Reginald paint a portrait of himself? (1)
4. We could either buy the piñatas or make them ourselves. (3)
5. I am just not myself today. (2)
6. Who is your karate instructor? (2)
7. This is the song we sang in the talent show. (2)
8. Of the planets Mars and Venus, which is closer to Earth? (1)
9. I enjoyed reading the short stories, especially those. (2)
10. Is that a direct quotation? (1)
11. Everyone who went to the space camp had a wonderful time. (2)
12. None of these keys will unlock either of those doors. (3)
13. This apple is sweet. May I have another? (3)
14. Is anything wrong? You act as if something is troubling you. (4)
15. No one was absent today.(1)
16. All but one of the club members voted to increase membership dues. (2)
VERBS
Show action or a state of being (to be!)
-Action- show a physical/mental action
-Linking Verbs- link a noun/pronoun to an adjective
-appears, seems, becomes, remain, stay, prove, turn, sound, feel,
smell, tastes, grow, look
-“To Be” verbs= is are was were am…
She is pretty. Today was cold. I am nice. He seemed angry.
It became sunny. The weather turned terrible. Sally looks beautiful.
-Helping Verbs- add to the verb
am, can, will be, should have been, do, does, did, have, shall,
should, could, would
I am swimming She will be arriving.
I should have been studying. I do like you.
FIND ALL OF THE VERBS!! (13)

Across the room, cracker boxes were made to
serve as furniture and were grouped about the
fireplace. A picture from an Illustrated Weekly
was upon the log walls, and three rifles were
paralleled on pegs. Equipment hung on handy
projections and some tin dishes lay upon a small
pile of firewood. The sunlight, without beating
upon it, made it glow a light yellow shade. A
small window shot an oblique square of whiter
light upon the cluttered floor. The smoke from
the fire at times neglected the clay chimney and
sticks made endless threats to set ablaze the
whole establishment.

Across the room, cracker boxes were made to
serve as furniture and were grouped about the
fireplace. A picture from an Illustrated Weekly
was upon the log walls, and three rifles were
paralleled on pegs. Equipment hung on handy
projections and some tin dishes lay upon a small
pile of firewood. The sunlight, without beating
upon it, made it glow a light yellow shade. A
small window shot an oblique square of whiter
light upon the cluttered floor. The smoke from
the fire at times neglected the clay chimney and
sticks made endless threats to set ablaze the
whole establishment.
ADJECTIVES
 Modify
a noun/pronoun
Answer: What Kind? Picnic table. Italian spaghetti.
Which one? That one. (that is also a pronoun)
How many? Seven cookies. Few people
How much? Plenty of snow.
Articles: the, a, an
The dog…. A cat….
FIND THE ADJECTIVES!

He remembered yet the East India Tea House at
the Fair, the sandalwood, the turbans, and the
robes, the cool interior and the smell of India tea;
and he had felt now the nostalgic thrill of dewwet mornings in Spring, the cherry scent, the cool
clarion earth, the wet loaminess of the garden,
the pungent breakfast smells and the floating
snow of blossoms. He knew the inchoate sharp
excitement of hot dandelions in young earth; in
July, of watermelons bedded in sweet hay, inside
a farmer's covered wagon; of cantaloupe and
crated peaches; and the scent of orange rind,
bitter-sweet, before a fire of coals.

He remembered yet the East India Tea House at
the Fair, the sandalwood, the turbans, and the
robes, the cool interior and the smell of India tea;
and he had felt now the nostalgic thrill of dewwet mornings in Spring, the cherry scent, the cool
clarion earth, the wet loaminess of the garden,
the pungent breakfast smells and the floating
snow of blossoms. He knew the inchoate sharp
excitement of hot dandelions in young earth; in
July, of watermelons bedded in sweet hay, inside
a farmer's covered wagon; of cantaloupe and
crated peaches; and the scent of orange rind,
bitter-sweet, before a fire of coals.
FIND ALL THE ADJECTIVES!
The cold passed reluctantly from the earth.
As the landscape changed from brown to
green, the army awakened and cast its eyes
upon the roads, which were growing from
long troughs of liquid mud to proper
thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the
shadow of its banks, had become sorrowful
with blackness at nightfall, and one could
see across it the red, eyelike gleam of
hostile camp fires set in the low brows of
distant hills.
The cold passed reluctantly from the earth.
As the landscape changed from brown to
green, the army awakened and cast its eyes
upon the roads, which were growing from
long troughs of liquid mud to proper
thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the
shadow of its banks, had become sorrowful
with blackness at nightfall, and one could
see across it the red, eyelike gleam of hostile
camp fires set in the low brows of distant
hills
ADVERBS
Modify verbs, adjectives AND other adverbs
Answer:-Where? She still lives there now. (‘there’ is also a pronoun!)
-When? It's starting to get dark now.
She finished her tea first.
She left early.
-In what manner? Please wash your hands thoroughly.
She moved slowly and spoke quietly.
-Frequency?
She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
She often goes by herself.

He was slightly nervous. (adverb modifying an adjective)
She practiced very diligently. (adverb modifying another adverb)
Please come here now. (two adverbs modifying the same verb)
See the website for more adverb info:
http://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/adverbs.htm
1. Marcella, deposit the money safely in the most powerful vault. (2)
2. The recently found journal said Wallace was so lost that he just wandered aimlessly in
circles. (3)
3. Running quickly for the endzone, the widely recruited fullback tripped. (2)
4. Lynne pushed the most talented students so they would finish the assignment quickly.
(2)
5. The author was quite annoyed when she determined that the publisher was very
dishonest. (2)
6. Wendy threw the garbage out, but the flies would not leave. (2)
7. After she looked carefully in both directions, Amitabha sprinted across. (2)
8. Now that Royce has arrived safely, the group can settle down. (3)
9. Their most talented competitor still will not defeat our top contender. (3)
10. Always think positively when you are presented an opportunity to succeed. (2)
11. The CEO feels unusually tense today. (2)
12. Ginger spoke glowingly of Kyoko’s extraordinary acting skills. (1)
13. The children’s teacher announced that their class was the most highly rated in the
district.(2)
14. Greg’s mule accepted every task willingly. (1)
15. You should put that hibiscus inside. (1)
16. In the winter, New York is much colder than Florida. (1)
17. Hank waved enthusiastically at Steve. (1)
18. Speak softly into the microphone or we will suffer greatly. (2)
19. When Thomas pounded firmly on the door, he woke the sleeping baby. (1)
20. “Grammar is so difficult and quite boring,” the overworked student complained bitterly.
(3)
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1. Marcella, deposit the money safely in the most powerful vault. (2)
2. The recently found journal said Wallace was so lost that he just wandered aimlessly in
circles. (3)
3. Running quickly for the endzone, the widely recruited fullback tripped. (2)
4. Lynne pushed the most talented students so they would finish the assignment quickly.
(2)
5. The author was quite annoyed when she determined that the publisher was very
dishonest. (2)
6. Wendy threw the garbage out, but the flies would not leave. (2)
7. After she looked carefully in both directions, Amitabha sprinted across. (2)
8. Now that Royce has arrived safely, the group can settle down. (3)
9. Their most talented competitor still will not defeat our top contender. (3)
10. Always think positively when you are presented an opportunity to succeed. (2)
11. The CEO feels unusually tense today. (2)
12. Ginger spoke glowingly of Kyoko’s extraordinary acting skills. (1)
13. The children’s teacher announced that their class was the most highly rated in the
district.(2)
14. Greg’s mule accepted every task willingly. (1)
15. You should put that hibiscus inside. (1)
16. In the winter, New York is much colder than Florida. (1)
17. Hank waved enthusiastically at Steve. (1)
18. Speak softly into the microphone or we will suffer greatly. (2)
19. When Thomas pounded firmly on the door, he woke the sleeping baby. (1)
20. “Grammar is so difficult and quite boring,” the overworked student complained
bitterly. (3)
PREPOSITIONS



Adds extra information
Must be a PHRASE, and to be a PHRASE, it must have
an object (aka the object of the preposition).
Prepositions, like earrings and hats, are mere accessories, and can be
removed from a sentence without changing the subject and/or verb.
She ran over the bridge. “over” is the prep. and “bridge” is the object.
(Over the river) and (through the woods) (to Grandmother’s house) we go.
We drove across. Adverb modifying “drove”
We drove (across the bridge). Preposition because “bridge” is an object.
For more info., go to: http://www.towson.edu/ows/prepositions.htm
SINGLE
WORDS
Aboard
About
Above
Absent
Across
After
Against
Along
Alongside
Amid
Amidst
Among
Amongst
Around
As
Aside
Astride
At
TWO WORDS
According to
Ahead of
As of
As per
As regards
Aside from
Because of
Close to
Atop
Barring
Before
Behind
Below
Beneath
Beside
Besides
Between
Beyond
Betwixt
But
By
Circa
Concerning
Despite
Down
During
Except
Excluding
Failing
Following
For
From
Given
In
Including
Inside
Into
Like
Mid
Minus
Near
Next
Notwithstandi
ng
Of
Off
Onto
Opposite
Out
Outside
Over
Pace
Past
Per
Plus
Pro
Qua
Regarding
Round
Save
Since
Than
Through
Throughout
Till
Times
To
Toward(s)
Under
Underneath
Unlike
Until
Up
Upon
Verses
Via
Vice
With
Within
Without
Worth
Due to
Except for
Far from
In to
Inside of
Instead of
Near to
Next to
On to
Out from
Out of
Outside of
Owing to
Prior to
Pursuant to
Regardless of
Subsequent to
Thanks to
That of
THREE
WORDS
As far as
As well as
By means of
In accordance
with
Ina addition to
In case of
In case of
In front of
In place of
In point of
In spite of
On account of
On behalf of
On top of
With regard to
MEMORIZE FOR 40 POINTS!
Sing to the tune of “Yankee Doodle”
With on for after at by in
Beside beneath according to
Among above from outside through
Against around inside into
Despite below beyond between
Within without of up down off
Out of near toward opposite
Onto about along side
FIND THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES!
Across the room, cracker boxes were made to serve as
furniture and were grouped about the fireplace. A
picture from an Illustrated Weekly was upon the log
walls, and three rifles were paralleled on pegs.
Equipment hung on handy projections and some tin
dishes lay upon a small pile of firewood. The sunlight,
without beating upon it, made it glow a light yellow
shade. A small window shot an oblique square of whiter
light upon the cluttered floor. The smoke from the fire at
times neglected the clay chimney and sticks made
endless threats to set ablaze the whole establishment.
Across the room, cracker boxes were made to serve as
furniture and were grouped about the fireplace. A
picture from an Illustrated Weekly was upon the log
walls, and three rifles were paralleled on pegs.
Equipment hung on handy projections and some tin
dishes lay upon a small pile of firewood. The
sunlight, without beating upon it, made it glow a
light yellow shade. A small window shot an oblique
square of whiter light upon the cluttered floor. The
smoke from the fire at times neglected the clay
chimney and sticks made endless threats to set
ablaze the whole establishment.
Prepositional Phrase Poems: Write one prepositional phrase poems. You
may choose any topic. Write at LEAST 10 prepositional phrases and
conclude your poem with an independent clause (a complete sentence).
Your poem must have a title. Use vivid, specific nouns and adjectives.
Ex: The Rapture of Flight
Over the bright rooftops
Into the endless blue
Through the mass
Of drifting clouds
Along the warm summer wind
With massive flocks
Of curious birds
Under the brazen sun
Across marigold fields
Towards unseen worlds
Truly, I knew the rapture of flight.
CONJUNCTIONS
 Words
that connect groups of words.
And
Nor
Coordinating:
but
or
So
for
yet
Use a comma before them, and don’t forget!
(unless: I like candy and ice cream.)
And never begin a sentence with a coordinating conjunction.
Correlative:
both…and
neither…nor
either…or
whether…or
not only…but also
Not only was it cold, but it also was snowing.
Neither Kathy nor Sally wanted to go outside.
…..CONJUNCTIONS CONTD.
Subordinating: Connect clauses
After
although
as
as if
as long as
as soon as
as though
because
before
even though
if
in order that
Since
so that
than
though
till
unless
until
when
whenever
where
wherever
while
School was canceled, because it was snowing.
When I’m feeling angry, I just stay away from people.
I ate the hamburger even though I wasn’t hungry.
If a sentence begins with a Sub. Conj. you must use a comma!
•
I never believed in love until I saw him.
Until I saw him, I never believed in love.
For more help, visit this website: http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/grammar_subordinate.html
…CONJUNCTIONS CONTD.

Conjunctive Adverbs

Adverb that acts as a conjunction
Accordingly again
also
besides
consequently
Finally
For example
furthermore
however
indeed
moreover
nevertheless
on the other hand
otherwise
then
therefore
thus
Maureen would have come with us; however, she had a project to
finish.
You arrived twenty minutes late; furthermore, you forgot your
books.
The car is unreliable. For example, it never starts on a cold
morning.
ADD THE NEEDED COMMAS AND
UNDERLINE THE CONJUNCTIONS


While standing on the scaffold in front of the
town Hester cannot handle the harshness of the
current circumstances so she starts hallucinating
to lessen the pain of reality.
While standing on the scaffold in front of the
town, Hester cannot handle the harshness of the
current circumstances, so she starts
hallucinating to lessen the pain of reality.
Underline the conjunctions and identify the type of conjunction.
1. Either Edna or Barbara would make a good president.
2. Janet will never agree to that plan, nor will she support anyone who does.
3. The pilot waited until he received the signal for takeoff
4. We couldn’t decide whether to join the swimmers or go stay on the beach.
5. Wherever the child walked, she left a trail of cookie crumbs.
6. The runner was exhausted but happy.
7. Sandy ate not only her own dinner but also mine.
8. We waited for hours, yet no one came.
9. You will have to call after lunch because she is in a meeting now.
10. Both Kevin and Alice are working on the ticket committee.
11. As soon as he heard about the sale, he rushed to the store.
12. Would you rather have a hot dog or a hamburger?
13. Neither the tomatoes nor the eggplants are ripe yet.
14. If you hear of a part-time job, please let me know.
15. Would you please set the table while I finish the salad.
16. We had to take a detour because the bridge had washed out.
17. The town has cleaned up Jones Park, so it is now a safe place to play.
18. We all went out for pizza after we finished painting the house.
19. The visiting team played hard and well.
Underline the conjunctions and identify the type of conjunction.
1.
Either Edna or Barbara would make a good president.
2.
Janet will never agree to that plan, nor will she support anyone who does.
3.
The pilot waited until he received the signal for takeoff
4.
We couldn’t decide whether to join the swimmers or go stay on the beach.
5.
Wherever the child walked, she left a trail of cookie crumbs.
6.
The runner was exhausted but happy.
7.
Sandy ate not only her own dinner but also mine.
8.
We waited for hours, yet no one came.
9.
You will have to call after lunch because she is in a meeting now.
10.
Both Kevin and Alice are working on the ticket committee.
11.
As soon as he heard about the sale, he rushed to the store.
12.
Would you rather have a hot dog or a hamburger?
13.
Neither the tomatoes nor the eggplants are ripe yet.
14.
If you hear of a part-time job, please let me know.
15.
Would you please set the table while I finish the salad.
16.
We had to take a detour because the bridge had washed out.
17.
The town has cleaned up Jones Park, so it is now a safe place to play.
18.
We all went out for pizza after we finished painting the house.
19.
The visiting team played hard and well.
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1. You can come to the meeting ______ you don't say anything.
2. I'm not leaving ______ I get an apology from you.
3. I came here ______ you could give me an explanation.
4. Bob is very tall ______ Bill is very short.
5. You look ______ you've seen a ghost.
6. I refuse to pay anything ______ you do the work properly.
7. I'm going shopping for food this evening ______ I don't have to go at the weekend.
8. You look ______ you haven't eaten for a week.
9. I came early ______ I could talk to you privately.
10. ______ I don't think she's perfect for the job, she's certainly better qualified than
Steve.
11. I don't mind if you go out for lunch ______ you're back for the meeting at two.
12. Are you OK? You look ______ you have a problem.
13. ______ the job is very interesting, it's also very badly paid.
14. We'll go to the mountains on Saturday ______ it doesn't rain.
15. The winters here are very cold ______ the summers are very hot.
16. You can write the report when you want ______ it's ready by the end of the
month.
17. It looks ______ the government has got a lot of problems.
18. I want Mary to be in charge ______ I get back from holiday.
19. ______ I don't approve of what you did, I'm not going to punish you for it.
20. I'm learning English ______ I can get a better job.
INTERJECTIONS

Expresses a feeling or emotion
Ouch!
Oh!
Wow!
Darn!
Uh,
Ugh!
Hey!
Shucks!
Oh my!
Identify if the underlined word is a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, or
conjunction.
1. The train will round the curve in just a minute.
2. That round table looks lovely there.
3. The doctor asked her associate to do her rounds for her.
4. The Holts stopped to see us, before they left for vacation.
5. Where shall we meet before the game?
6. Have you ever heard that song before?
7. The second act of the play seemed very long.
8. Those children play well together.
9. Angie’s play house is a miniature of her family’s home.
10. We could not book reservations for the date we wanted.
11. Ms Jones has written a book about ferns.
12. Yellow roses are my favorite flower.
13. That paper will yellow with age.
14. It is bad luck to walk underneath a ladder.
15. Instead of walking over the bridge, she went underneath.
16. Jerry repented of his past mistakes.
17. Turn right just past the library.
18. Several buses drove past before the right one came.
19. Always follow through after you swing.
20. The baseball went through the window.
21. We sat around the campfire after dinner.
22. The gardener raked the yard after he trimmed the shrubs.
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The train will round the curve in just a minute. VERB
The doctor asked her associate to do her rounds for her. NOUN
The Holts stopped to see us, before they left for vacation. CONJUNCTION
Where shall we meet (before the game)? PREPOSITION
Have you ever heard that song before? ADVERB
The second act of the play seemed very long. NOUN
Those children play well together. VERB
Angie’s play house is a miniature of her family’s home. ADJECTIVE
We could not book reservations for the date we wanted. VERB
Ms. Jones has written a book about ferns. NOUN
Yellow roses are my favorite flower. ADJECTIVE
That paper will yellow with age. VERB
It is bad luck to walk underneath a ladder. PREPOSITION
Instead of walking over the bridge, she went underneath. ADVERB
Jerry repented of his past mistakes. ADJECTIVE
Turn right just past the library. PREPOSITION
Several buses drove past before the right one came. ADVERB
Always follow through after you swing. ADVERB
The baseball went through the window. PREPOSITION
We sat around the campfire after dinner. PREPOSITION
The gardener raked the yard after he trimmed the shrubs. CONJUNCTION
FRAGMENT
= words that do NOT express a complete thought (the
opposite of a sentence)
S-“What made the bombers disappear in the Bermuda
Triangle?”
F- “Possibly storms of air currents.” (missing verb)
S- “What happened to the planes?”
F- “Don’t know.” (missing subject)
S- “When did they disappear?”
F- “In December of 1945.” (missing sub. and verb)
SENTENCE OR FRAGMENT? WHAT IS MISSING?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
In the woods almost until dawn.
A few inches of snow.
The grizzly bear needs large territories undisturbed by people.
Have been unusually high because of heavy rains.
Herds of thousands of caribou.
Haste makes waste.
Divide in search of food.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau believes artificial islands could be built off the coast.
About a great white shark, one of the largest ever caught.
Cougars have become increasingly rare.
Is the last frontier.
There he sat, totally content.
In the day in order to hunt at night.
Ice-covered Mount McKinley in Alaska attracts storms.
Wolves, jaguars, and grizzly bears, once numerous in North America.
Bored dogs need things to do, such as chasing sticks.
Skeletons of old paddle-wheeled boats.
Without a tie and jacket.
Based on the Roman Emperor Hadrain’s plans for the Pantheon in Rome, Thomas
Jefferson’s Rotunda at the University of Virginia.
For two hundred years after the founding of the Olympic Games in 776 B.C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
In the woods almost until dawn. F Both
A few inches of snow. F- verb
The grizzly bear needs large territories undisturbed by people. Sent.
Have been unusually high because of heavy rains. F- Sub
Herds of thousands of caribou. F- Verb
Haste makes waste. Sent.
Divide in search of food. F- Sub.
Jacques-Yves Cousteau believes artificial islands could be built off the coast.
Sent.
About a great white shark, one of the largest ever caught. F- both
Cougars have become increasingly rare. Sent.
Is the last frontier. F- Sub.
There he sat, totally content. Sent.
In the day in order to hunt at night. F- both
Ice-covered Mount McKinley in Alaska attracts storms. Sent.
Wolves, jaguars, and grizzly bears, once numerous in North America. FVerb
Bored dogs need things to do, such as chasing sticks. Sent.
Skeletons of old paddle-wheeled boats. F- Verb
Without a tie and jacket. F- Both
Based on the Roman Emperor Hadrain’s plans for the Pantheon in Rome,
Thomas Jefferson’s Rotunda at the University of Virginia. F- Verb
For two hundred years after the founding of the Olympic Games in 776 B.C.
F- Both