haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
IP In The Digital Economy
23rd February 2011
Deepak Pillai
Partner
Haryati Deepak
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
1
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Agenda

Part A:
IP & E-COMMERCE

Part B:
CREATING WEBSITE

Part C:
CHOOSING DOMAIN NAME

Part D:
PROTECTING YOUR WEBSITE
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
2
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
PART A: IP & E-Commerce

Impact of E-Commerce on IP

Challenges Raised by the Impact of E-Commerce
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
3
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Impact Of E-Commerce On IP

IP and Online Trade of Products and Services

IP resides in the goods and services traded via e-commerce

IP is the main component of value in the transaction



e.g. music, pictures, photos, software, designs, training modules, systems,
etc
Value is destroyed by piracy
IP and Digital Technologies

The systems that allow the Internet to function - software, networks,
designs, chips, routers and switches, the user interface, are all based
on IP

These are protected by IP rights
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
4
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Impact Of E-Commerce On IP


IP and Online Branding

Trademarks and domain names are fundamental parts of e-commerce

Serves as your business identifiers, branding, customer recognition and
goodwill

More so than for traditional businesses
IP and Business Value

The valuation of businesses that are related to new digital technologies
usually related to their IP

Valuations affected by the level of protection they place on their patents,
copyrights and trademarks
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
5
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Impact Of E-Commerce On IP

Relevance of Patent Licensing in E-Commerce

Patents may be relevant to e-commerce as well depending on what has
been patented

Important in the United States where software and business patents are
recognised

Web-based businesses may be reliant on patented technologies that
they are licensed to use.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
6
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Challenges Raised By The Impact Of
E-Commerce

IP Protection in Software

Online Contents Distribution

Domain Name Issues
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
7
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
IP Protection in Software

Various aspects of software are protected by different
heads / types of IP

Copyright


Patent


In Malaysia, software is (in most cases) not patentable; while in other countries
inventions relating to software may be protected
Trade Secret


One of the most used forms of IP to protect the various components of a
computer program
Source code of computer software can be protected as a trade secret
Industrial Designs

Certain features created by computer software may be protected in some
countries as industrial designs, e.g. icons on a computer software
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
8
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Online Content Distribution


Illegal Downloads

Because of the ease with which digital files can be downloaded,
unauthorized copying of content has been a major problem for owners
causing massive financial loss

Violate national laws of copyright

Recent proposals by the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia
As an e-commerce business, keep in mind:

Importance of protecting IP rights on the internet

The need to obtain permission before usage of ANY third party content

Employees need to know company policies on IP
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
9
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Online Contents Distribution - Case Study


RIAA v Napster

The first case filed against a P2P system operator

Put international spotlight on unauthorized downloading of music files

The claim was that Napster facilitated illegal copying by users of the
system, not that Napster copied the files itself
Lessons learnt:

Make sure you have a clear policy against unauthorized copying of files,
or any actions that encourage or facilitate such copying;

Make sure that your employees do not gain access to or keep in their
possession or on their systems any unauthorized copies of software or
other content;
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
10
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Online Contents Distribution - Case Study


Lessons learnt (continued):

Make sure that all your employees know about the company’s policies
against misuse of IP

Senior management should be responsible for reviewing company
business practices on a regular basis to make sure that the policy is
being followed. It is wise to assess situations in which a policy violation
is found, to see if disciplinary action should be taken.
Other cases:

MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd - 2005

Australian Record Industry Association v. Kazaa - 2005
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
11
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Domain Name Issues

Failure to make an informed choice when selecting a
domain name


Domain name may be available and registrable but may be in conflict
with trademark rights or personality rights of a third party
To take note of:

IP laws vary from country to country. Which law is applicable may be in
question especially when it involves parties from different countries.

Enforcement of rights is tougher when IP rights are violated over the
internet.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
12
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
PART B: CREATING WEBSITE

Outsourcing Website Development

Web Developer Agreement – Salient Clauses

Using Third Party Materials
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
13
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Outsourcing Website Development

Developing a web presence would be critical in
participating in the digital economy

If your website is developed by your employees, the copyright over the
website will usually belong to the employers

However, it is questionable as to who owns the rights when the website
is developed by an independent web developer or is otherwise
outsourced


The situation in most other jurisdictions v.

The situation in Malaysia
Underlines the importance to have written Web Developer Agreement

Identifying who owns each element of the website

To note the issue of cost
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
14
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Web Developer Agreement - Salient Clauses


Matters to consider prior to contracting

Clear, long term vision of market for your product or service

The agreement entered needs to reflect the needs of your vision
Scope of work

Specifications of what is to be developed

Scope of Developer’s Responsibilities

Writing Program Code, Design and Appearance

Registration of domain name by whom

Whether consulting services provided

Whether services include maintenance and updating of site
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
15
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Web Developer Agreement - Salient Clauses

Ownership of Material

Who owns IP rights in components created by Developer?

e.g. computer code, graphics, text, website design, digital files used for
creating site

Who owns IP rights in material provided by you to Developer for use in
website?

Where the Developer owns IP rights, whether you have the right to
sublicense, edit, etc.?

Who’s responsibility to get permission from third parties for their IP?

Who owns the IP rights in the software which displays your website and
related components?

Can developer use the same designs as model and license the software
(and related components) for others?
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
16
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Web Developer Agreement - Salient Clauses

Warranties


Each party should warrant that it owns or has permission to use any
material that it provides for the website and that contents do not violate
any law or regulation
Maintenance and update

Maintenance to include changes, updates, troubleshooting or repairs

Level of maintenance and price terms

Responsibilities of the Web Developer

Actions upon service interruptions and break downs
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
17
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Web Developer Agreement - Salient Clauses


Confidentiality

Divulging confidential information about your business and giving
access to your facilities

Non-disclosure clause to protect you against unauthorized disclosure of
your trade secrets
Liability

Who bears responsibility for links to other sites, designation of keywords
and metatags?

Whose liability in the event of any legal claims for infringement etc?
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
18
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Web Developer Agreement - Salient Clauses

Other relevant clauses on :

fees and payment

timetable for delivery of website

Indemnification

disclaimers

limitation of liability

jurisdiction

applicable law

forum of dispute resolution
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
19
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

The internet makes it easy to reuse / copy the materials
of others

Films / television clips, music, graphics, photographs, software, text, etc

The availability of these materials is does not give you the legal right to
do so

Should not use these materials unless you have the necessary consent


License or an assignment
Technical Tools

If you are using any search engine or internet tool for your website,
ensure you have a written license agreement before the installation of
the site begins
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
20
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Software

Shrink-Wrap License:


Click-Wrap License:


Packaged software is often licensed to you upon purchase. The terms and
conditions of the license are contained in the package, which is returnable if
you do not agree. By opening the package, you are deemed to have
accepted the terms of the Agreement.
The licensing agreement is included inside the packaged software or on the
webpage from which you can install or download the software. Each time an
end user install or download the software, he/she may have an option to
agree to the license terms.
In all cases, check the licensing agreement to find out what you may
and may not do with the software you have bought
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
21
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Copyrighted Works

General


Collective Management Organization


Written permission is usually needed for the use of any written material,
photos, videos, music, logos, art work, cartoons, original databases, training
manuals, drawings etc. in its original form or found from the internet.
Written permission is usually needed for the use of any written material,
photos, videos, music, logos, art work, cartoons, original databases, training
manuals, drawings etc. in its original form or found from the internet.
Moral Rights

Ensure the author’s name appears on the work and the work is not
used or changed in a way that would damage the author’s honour or
reputation
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
22
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Photographs


Care should be taken when using photographs on your website.
Authorization needs to be obtained from the copyright owner of the
photograph and the subject matter depicted in the photograph, if
necessary.
Public Domain Material

Instead of tracking down copyright holders, an alternative to consider
would be using materials that are in the public domain

Sources range from libraries, collective management organisations to
online portals that offer licenses for different types of works

e.g. photos, backgrounds, logos

Also called clipart, freeware, shareware, royalty-free, copy free
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
23
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials


Trademark

When using others trademarks on the website, need to ensure usage
does not create confusion as to sponsorships, endorsements etc.

Permission needs to be obtained from the copyright owner, if the law
requires so.
Other likeliness

In some countries, publicity and privacy laws are in place. Malaysia has
the Personal Data Protection Act 2010.

Before using any part of the copyright work, advisable to check the
applicable laws and to request permission.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
24
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Other Potential Issues - Linking


General

Links that lead web users to sites containing legal content (e.g. pirated songs, unlawful
software program etc.) may subject you to legal liability.

Links that comprise of company logos may violate copyright, trademark or unfair
competition laws. Permission may need to be obtained
Deep Link


Deep links means links that go straight to a specific page other than a website’s home
page. Deep linking is generally not allowed if it is a way of bypassing a subscription or
payment mechanism, or if expressly forbidden by the site. Permission may need to be
obtained.
Framing

Means displaying the contents of another person’s website within a frame on your
site leading to the impression that the information originates from your website.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
25
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Other Potential Issues - Metatagging

Metatags are keywords or phrases embedded in a website’s HTML
code, which are invisible to the visitors of the website but are read by
some search engines

Instead of using terms that properly describe the site, some website
developers place the names of competing companies in their metatags
in order to gain internet traffic

Deceptive use of another company’s trademark in a metatag may
constitute unfair competition or trademark
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
26
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Other Potential Issues - Personal Information Treatment

Privacy laws or in the case of Malaysia, the Personal Data Protection
Act 2010, may put limits and obligations on the collection, use and
disclosure of personal information

If your website collects consumer information such as names,
addresses, e-mail addresses, gender and professions, be sure you
protect the privacy of such information

Also consider the need for training and supervision of all employees
with access to such information
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
27
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Other Potential Issues - Terms and Conditions / Disclaimers


Terms and Conditions

If you sell products or services on your website, or allow users to download
software, you may have specific agreements posted on your site that contain
warranty information or disclaimers, limits on your liability etc

Will the agreement be binding on users? How apparent are the terms and
conditions? Is there an opportunity to opt out? Has the user indicated his
acceptance of the same?
Notices and Disclaimers

Notices and disclaimers are rarely a cure-all for legal claims. However if your
notice or disclaimer is prominently displayed and clearly written, it may limit
or even prevent liability

The notices and disclaimers should be tailored to fit the specifics of the
website
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
28
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Using Third Party Materials

Other Potential Issues - Marketing and Removing
Infringing Material

Marketing and Advertising Online


If you place advertising on your site, ensure that comply with specific laws and
regulations on advertising, content etc.
Removing Infringing Material

If someone complains about an unauthorized use of copyright materials, you
should remove that material or disable the link pending resolution of dispute

Continuing to utilise the disputed materials may aggravate the claims and
increase the chances of being found liable
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
29
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
PART C: CHOOSING A DOMAIN NAME

Basics of domain names

How to choose a domain name

Practical considerations

UDRP: Resolution of cybersquatitng disputes
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
30
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

Basics of Domain Names


Introduction

Every computer that is connected to the internet must have an IP (Internet
Protocol) address

The Domain Name System (DNS) has a database to link these numerical
addresses on a one-to-one basis with unique mnemonic alphanumeric
equivalents called Internet Domain Names
Two Parts in Domain Name

Top-level domain (TLD) - TLDs can be divided into two categories: the
generic top-level domains (gTLDs) and the country code top-level domains
(ccTLDs). Domain names may be registered in either a gTLD or in a ccTLD

Second-level domain (SLD) - The section with the business/company’s name
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
31
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

How to Choose a Domain Name

Choosing the Top-Level Domain

Some gTLDs have no restrictions on who can register them e.g. .com, .info,
.net and .org, depending on the entity

Other gTLDs are restricted i.e. only entities meeting certain criteria may be
registered under them, e.g. .int for international organizations

You may register a domain name under a ccTLD, which corresponds to a
country, territory, or other geographic location and bears a two-letter country
code e.g. .my

The rules and policies for acquiring domain names in the ccTLDs vary
significantly from country to country

You should take a careful look at the terms and conditions under which a
registrar is offering ccTLD registration services
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
32
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

How to Choose a Domain Name

Choosing a Good Second-Level Domain

Select a domain name that is the same as or similar to your company’s
business or product name

Choose a second-level domain that is distinctive of your business or
products

Never choose a domain that is the trademark of another company

Avoid domain names that include controversial words

Choose the most “commercial” suffix if you are selling your products or
services

Short domain names are generally the best as they are easier to pronounce,
remember, spell and type into a browser
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
33
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

Case Study: Trademarks vs. Domain Names

Trademarks and Domain Names systems are different, but in some
situations may overlap, e.g. when a trade name and trademark is used
as part of a second-level domain name

Two identical trademarks may co-exist and be owned by different
entities for identical products in separate geographical areas under
relevant trademark laws

Two identical or similar trademarks in different classes of goods or
services can also co-exist in the same geographical area or country

In contrast, the domain name system allows the use of one name by
only one registrant
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
34
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

Case Study: Trademarks vs. Domain Names (continued)

Unlike trademarks, domain name create a monopoly right on a name or
word, independent of the goods or services offered on the website

Two identical or similar trademarks in different classes of goods or
services can also co-exist in the same geographical area or country

In contrast, the domain name system allows the use of one name by
only one registrant.

Unlike trademarks, domain name create a monopoly right on a name or
word, independent of the goods or services offered on the website.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
35
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

Practical Considerations


Registration of Domain Name

Anyone, whether an individual, organization, or company can register a
domain name

The duration of domain names are unlimited so long renewal or
maintenance fees are paid, similar to trademarks
Exposure of the Domain Name

It is important to make your business site’s ‘presence felt’ in order to attract
visitors

Register the domain name with popular search engines

Before registering the domain name with the search engines, understand the
ranking system for different search engines
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
36
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

UDRP


To protect trademark owners and domain name registrants, the Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), WIPO and
national internet authorities have put in place certain measures for the
protection of the interests or trademark owners.
Abusive Registration Criteria:

The domain name is identical or confusinglysimilar to the trademark in
question;

The trademark owner has a right or a legitimate interest in the domain
name, and the domain registrant does not; and

The registrant registered or is using the domain in bad faith
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
37
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Choosing A Domain Name

Case Study: UDRP Procedure

The filing of a Complaint with an ICANN-accredited dispute resolution
service provider chosen by the Complaint, such as the WIPO Center;

The filing of a Response by the person or entity against whom the
Complaint was made;

The appointment by the chosen dispute resolution service provider of an
Administrative Panel of one or three persons who will decide the
dispute;

The issuance of the Administrative Panel’s decision and the notification
to all relevant parties; and

The implementation of the Administrative Panel’s decision by the
registrars concerned should there be a decision that the domain names
in question be cancelled or transferred.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
38
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
39
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
40
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
41
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
PART D: HOW TO PROTECT YOUR
WEBSITE

What elements of your website can be protected

How to protect your website

Take action against violations
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
42
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
How To Protect Your Website
Elements Of Websites That Can Be Protected
How Protected
New Technologies Systems, Search Engines, Technical Internet Tools
Patent / Utility Models
Software
Copyright
Website Design
Copyright
Creative Website Design – Written Material, Photographs, Graphics, Music
and Videos
Copyright
Databases
Copyright
Business names, logos, product names, domain names and other signs
posted on websites
Trademarks
Computer-generated graphic symbols, screen displays, graphic user
interfaces (GUIs) and webpages
Industrial Design Law
Graphic Symbols – Confidential Graphics, Source Code, Object Code,
Algorithms, Programs or other Technical Descriptions, Data Flow Charts,
Logic Flow Charts, User Manuals, Data Structures and Database Contents
Trade Secret Law
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
43
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
How To Protect Your Website

Protecting your IP Rights

Register your Trademarks

Register a domain name that is user-friendly and reflects the trademark,
business name or character of your business

Register your website and copyright material with the national copyright
office (in countries which provide this option);

To think about patenting online business methods, in countries where
such protection is available
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
44
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
How To Protect Your Website


Letting People Know Content is Protected

Mark your trademarks with trademark symbols

Use the copyright notice

Use watermarks with embed copyright information into digital content itself.

Give notice to the public that your website or business method is patented.
Letting people know what use they can make of the content

what can they do with the page

who to contact to get a copyright clearance in relation to any material on your site.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
45
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
How To Protect Your Website

Detecting Infringements of your Website

To detect infringements, you may take random snippets of text or
images from your site and search for the snippets or images using
search engines like Google and for images http://images.google.com by
entering the graphic’s file name.

‘Spider programs’ can also search the internet for copies of your pages
or graphics and illegal use of your trademarks.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
46
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
How To Protect Your Website

Taking Actions Against Violations

Make screen shots or prints of all relevant pages, and print source code
from the infringing website

Be sure you can prove that your website content is original and that you
have owned it for a longer period of time than the infringing website

Send a cease and desist letter to the owner of the infringing website
asking to take your material off their website

If the owner does not respond, you may:

send a notice of infringement to any search engine where the infringing site is
listed and demand that they remove any links to the infringing site; and

send a notice of infringement to the website hosting company or internet service
provider (ISP) and demand that the infringing site be removed from the server
where it is hosted.
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
47
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Conclusion


Recap:

IP & E-Commerce

Creating website

Choosing domain name

Protecting your website
Quiz
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
48
haryatideepak
advocates & solicitors I trade mark agents
Thank You
Deepak Pillai
Messrs Haryati Deepak
Advocates & Solicitors
Unit L-5-3A, Solaris Mont’ Kiara
No. 2 Jalan Solaris
50480 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: 03-62030760 Fax: 03-62030761
E-Mail: deepak@hdlaw.com.my
Web: www.hdlaw.com.my
HARYATI DEEPAK ADVOCATES & SOLICITORS § TRADEMARK AGENTS
49