Chapter 24
The Great
Depression and the
New Deal
1929 – 1939
Readings
• You must read the chapter.
• Divisions:
– Pp. 729-742
– 742-754
– 754-763
– Make sure you know the New Deal
Legislation and how it affected Alabama and
the US.
2
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
3
Crash and Depression, 1929-1932
4
Figure
24.1A: Stock
Market
Prices
in the 1920s
5
Black Thursday and the Onset of
the Depression
6
Figure
24.1B:
Consumer
Borrowing in
the 1920s
7
Hoover’s Response
•
Herbert Hoover Documentary
•
Hoover's Response Speech
• Emergency
Committee for
Employment
• Reconstruction
Finance
Corporation
8
Figure 24.2A: The Statistics
of Hard Times
9
Mounting Discontent and Protest
• Hoover Valley
• Farmers” Holiday Association
– Douglas MacArthur
• 42nd Parallel
– John Dos Passos
• The Disinherited
– Jack Conroy
10
Figure 24.2A: The Statistics
of Hard Times
11
Figure 24.2B: The Statistics
of Hard Times
12
The Election of 1932
13
Map 24.1:
The Election
of 1932
14
The New Deal Takes Shape
15
Roosevelt and his Circle
• Rexford G. Tuggle
• Adolphe Berle
• Eleanor Roosevelt
• James Farley
• Frances Perkins
• Harold Ickes
• Henry A. Wallace
• Henry Morgenthau
16
Bankhead in Congress
• John Hollis
• William Brockman
• Speaker of the House
• John Hollis II
• Walter Will
• Tallulah
17
FDR’s Alphabet Soup
WPA men at work
18
19
The Hundred Days
• TVA
– David Lilienthal
20
Hundred Days Legislation
21
Justice Hugo Black
• Senator from Alabama
• One of 9 Roosevelt
appointed
• Textualism-what do
words mean to the
common man or a strict
interpretation of the law
• KKK member in early life
• Democrat / Died 1971
22
Problems and Controversies
Plague the New Deal
• May 1935 court
rules NRA
unconstitutional
• Dust Bowl of
1930 and
continuing
• “There goes
Oklahoma!”
Roosevelt’s Supreme Court
*Note Hugo Black on back right. KKK
23
Map 24.2:
The Dust
Bowl
24
The Dust Bowl
•
Dust Bowl Documentary
• Don’t forget to read
your excerpts from
The Dust Bowl Diary
North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas,
Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and
other states were effected.
Southern states experienced erosion until the addition
of Kudzu to the landscape.
25
Figure 24.3: Agriculture During the
Great Depression
1934-1935 Challenges from Right
and Left
• 1933 Income rose but was still behind 1929.
• 1934 Midterm elections proved popularity.
– “He’s been all but crowned by the people
• Charles Coughlin Father Charles Coughlin Radio Address
• Francis Townsend
– Influenced creation of
– Social Security
27
Huey Long
• Huey Long
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related
–
–
–
–
Louisiana
Elected 1933
“Share our wealth!”
“America First Party” 100% tax on
income over $1 million and
appropriation of fortunes over $5
– million.
– Carl Weiss
– Assassinated
– Earl Long “Blaze”
•
Ballad of Earl Long
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related
28
The New Deal Changes Course,
1935-1936
• WPA Works Progress Administration
– Federal Writer’s Project
– Federal Music Project
– Federal Theatre Project
Eudora Welty
Junior Publicity Agent
– National Youth Administration
– Rural Electrification Administration
– National Labor Relations Act 1935
29
Photos of Eudora Welty
30
31
National Labor Relations Act
• Wagner Act
– Guaranteed collective
bargaining rights, permitted
closed shops, outlawed
blacklisting
32
Social Security Act of 1935
End of the 2nd New Deal
• Social Security Act 1935
– Stands as the long term
legislation of the New Deal
– Frances Perkins committee
•
•
•
•
•
Mixed benefit package
Pension
Unemployment package
Survivor benefits
Disabled and dependent
mothers and children
33
1936 Roosevelt Landslide and New
Democratic Coalition
•
•
•
•
South
West (parts)
White Ethnic voters
12 largest cities
– Catholics
– Jews
• Who filled New Deal jobs?
34
35
The New Deal’s End Stage
1937-1939
36
FDR and the Supreme Court
• Archconservatives
– 9 old tired men!
• Bill
– Appoint new justices for each one over 70
– “Ease heavy workload
– Court packing
37
Roosevelt Recession
38
Final Measure: Growing
Opposition
• Farm Security Administration (FSA)
– 1937
– Created by Congress
• Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
39
Social Change and Social Action in
the 1930’s
40
Depression’s Psychological
and Social Impact
41
Industrial Workers Unionize
• American Federation of Labor (AFL)
• Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)
• United Automobile Workers
42
Figure 24.4:
The Growth of
Labor Union
Membership,
1933–1946
43
Black and Hispanic Americans
Resist Racism and Exploitation
• “Don’t Shop Where You Can’t Work!”
• Scottsboro Boys
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=rIkBFFZeNVM
• Indian Reorganization Act
44
The American Culture Scene
in the 1930’s
45
Avenues of Escape:
Radio and the Movies
• Gone with the Wind 1939
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79eIUM4w0PU&feature=related
• Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 1937
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=0pwjGWUrlHM
• The Little Colonel (1935) Shirley Temple
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_FOPPJcJ24
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-DueyLco8s&feature=endscreen&NR=1
46
The Later 1930’s: Opposing
Fascism Reaffirming Traditional
Values
• Popular Front
• Joseph Stalin
• Adolf Hitler
• Spanish Civil War
• Benito Mussolini
47
Steinbeck, Hemingway, Wilder
• For Whom the Bell Tolls
• The Grapes of Wrath
• Our Town
48
Streamlining and the World’s Fair:
Corporate America’s Utopian Vision
• “The World of Tomorrow”
• 1939 World’s Fair
• Orson Wells
– “War of the Worlds”
–
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g
49
FDR
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUnihvqYBVw
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amNpxQANk0M
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpEdYp1Nn-k&feature=related
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nuElu-ipTQ
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUZGkNAUSvY&feature=related
•
Eleanor Roosevelt Speech
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P15knTJ0pQ
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yzakVOdh6k&feature=related
50
Conclusion
51