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ARISTO EDUCATIONAL PRESS LTD.
The Sarajevo Incident
(塞拉耶佛事件，1914)
Kingdoms
and
Countries of
AustriaHungary
Where is Sarajevo ?
Capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Immediate
cause
of
WWI
VERY
IMPORTANT !!!
- Sarajevo Incident
Assassin
• 28 June, 1914
• Archduke Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary’s future
Emperor and his wife)
Archduke Ferdinand
Sophie Chotek
Gavrilo Princip
Austria-Hungary
• 2nd largest empire in
Europe
• Many ethnic groups
• Divided into many
kingdoms
• Wanted to be a powerful
state
• Target: Balkan States
Archduke Ferdinand
• Future emperor of
Austria-Hungary heir
to the throne)
• Paid a royal visit with
his wife to Sarajevo
on the national day of
Bosnia
• assassinated by a
Bosnian, Gavrilo
Princip
Gavrilo Princip
• Born in BosniaHerzegovina in 1895
• Member of the Serbian
nationalist secret society
“Black Hand” (supported by
the Serbian government to
against Austria-Hungary)
• Imprisoned by AustriaHungary after
assassination
• Died of tuberculosis in
1918 during his
imprisonment
Events of the incidents
Archduke Francis Ferdinand (斐迪南大公) , Austria-Hungary’s
future emperor, and his wife visited Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.
Route of Assassination in Sarajevo
Princip Bridge
Francis Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated
by a Bosnian student named Gavrilo Princip (普林
西普).
Gavrilo Princip
Princip being arrested by the Bosnian police
Gavrilo Princip was a member of the Black Hand, an antiAustrian Serbian group.
Austria-Hungary accused Serbia of organising the assassination.
The arrest of
Gavrilo Princip
Letter of Emperor Franz Joseph (法蘭斯
約瑟夫) of Austria-Hungary to Kaiser
William II, Vienna, July 2, 1914
The attack directed against my poor
nephew (Archduke Francis Ferdinand)
is the direct result of the agitation
carried out by Russian and Serbian
Pan-Slavists… But this will not be
possible unless Serbia, which is at
present the pivot of Pan-Slavist policy,
is eliminated as a political factor in the
Balkans…
Which country did Austria-Hungary believe should be held
responsible for the Sarajevo-Incident? What action did
Austria-Hungary take?
Results of the incident
Austria-Hungary believed the incident provided a good
chance to crush Serbia. It sent an ultimatum to Serbia.
Austria-Hungary’s Ultimatum to Serbia, July 23, 1914
1. Suppress all anti-Austrian activities in Serbia;
2. Replace all anti-Austrian government officials;
3. Allow Austrian-Hungarian officials to enter Serbia to see
the above two points were carried out.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.
Austrian-Hungarian
soldiers in WWI
How a local war turns into a general war
June 28, 1914
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
July 23, 1914
Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to Serbia
July 24, 1914
Serbia asks Russia for help
July 25, 1914
Serbia refuses to accept all the demands of
Austria-Hungary
July 28, 1914
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
July 30, 1914
Russia mobilises to support Serbia
July 31, 1914
Germany demands Russian demobilisation and
French neutrality
August 1, 1914
Germany declares war on Russia
August 3, 1914
Germany declares war on France and invades
Belgium
August 4, 1914
Britain declares war on Germany
Cartoonist’s view
Who is the power behind the cock?
Serbia
1. Identify the countries
represented by the eagle and
the bear.
The
twin-headed eagle
______________________
represents
Austria-Hungary
______________________
and
the bear represents Russia.
______________________
(1+1
marks)
______________________
The eagle “I don’t quite like his
(the cock’s) attitude. Somebody
must be backing him.”
2. Why was the cock (Serbia) unafraid of the eagle? Explain
your answer with reference to the source, and using relevant
historical facts.
In
the cartoon, the cock was very confident because it knew the
____________________________________________________
bear
was behind the rock watching the twin-headed eagle.
____________________________________________________
According
to historical facts, Serbia was not afraid of the
____________________________________________________
attack
from Austria-Hungary because it was supported by
____________________________________________________
Russia.
(2+2 marks)
____________________________________________________
3. Did the cartoonist believe that there was a conflict only
between the eagle and the cock? Explain your answer with
reference to the cartoon.
No. According to the cartoon, the bear was supporting the cock
____________________________________________________
against the twin-headed eagle, showing that Russia would
____________________________________________________
support Serbia in the event of war with Austria-Hungary. (1+3
____________________________________________________
marks)
____________________________________________________
Table of assessment
War responsibility? ( the
appropriate answer)
AustriaHungary
 Yes
 No
Germany
 Yes
 No
Russia
 Yes
 No
France
 Yes
 No
Britain
 Yes
 No
Reason
The Sarajevo Incident
VERY
IMPORTANT !!!
June 28 1914
Archduke Ferdinand’s car left the
town hall in Sarajevo
Archduke Ferdinand
photographed on the day of
his assassination.
Ferdinand’s body lying in state.
Results of Sarajevo Incident
(28 June, 1914)
•
•
•
•
Austria-Hungary
Serbia
Got the promise of
• Arrested Princip
unlimited support from
• Got an ultimatum from
Germany (early July 1914)
Austria-Hungary
Decided to crush Serbia
• Accepted most of the
in a war
terms in the ultimatum
23 July 1914, sent an
• Refused to allow Austrian
ultimatum to Serbia
officials to enter Serbia
Used Serbian refusal as
(violate Serbian internal
an excuse to go to war
sovereignty)
with Serbia Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia a month
after the Sarajevo Incident
Austro-Serbian War
How the Austro-Serbian War Became a General War
(28 July – 4 August 1914)
Russia
28 July
Austro-Serbian War began
30 July
Russia mobilized (sent troops)
to Serbia (support)
31 July
Germany demanded Russian
demobilization + French
neutrality (remain neutral)
1 Aug
Germany declared war on
Russia (no reply)
3 Aug
Germany declared war on
France + attacked Belgium
(Schlieffen Plan)
4 Aug
Britain declared war on
Germany
Austria-Hungary
First World War (WWI) started
Serbia
The Allies portrayed
Kaiser William II (King
of Germany) as an
aggressor who
wanted to conquer
Europe.