Energy & Life
Interest Grabber
Section 9-1
Feel the Burn
• Do you like to run, bike, or swim?
1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow
run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run?
2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes
in how you feel?
3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you
keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer.
Conc. Gradient (ATP)
Energy
• What is energy?
– The ability to do work
• Importance: need to obtain & use energy for life to
exist
• Forms:
–
–
–
–
Light
Heat
Electricity
Stored (in chemical compounds)
Producers & Consumers of Energy
• Producers of energy = Autotrophs
– Able to make their own energy
– Plants & other types of organisms
• Consumers of energy = Heterotrophs
– Have to eat something else to obtain energy
(a plant or another animal)
– Animals, Fungus (yeast!)
Release of Energy
• Energy is transferred – not recycled
– What does this mean? Examples?
•
•
•
•
Food we eat broken down to release energy
Sunlight energy into plants to make food
Water behind a dam
Coal/fossil fuels burning
WHICH ARE NATURAL PATHWAYS?
What is the ultimate source for
energy?
• Analyze the
energy and matter
relationship in the
diagram
• Summarize
using your own
words!
Focus on chemical energy
Thanks to plants, we have food – a source
of chemical energy
Now what?
Eat, digest and use the macrolecules =
breaking of high energy bonds to low
energy bonds to transfer energy
– Lots of energy in the covalent bonds!!!
Food to ATP
Super Important Chemical ATP
• ATP
– Adenosine triphosphate – this is what your
cells need to do work!
– When do cells do work? How does ATP
provide energy?
ATP needs to be regenerated
– It provides energy needed for lots of
processes so needs to be regenerated often
– Food you eat releases energy to make ATP
Storing & Releasing Energy
• Which part of the structure of ATP is the
key to storing & releasing of energy?
• More work in the cell = more ATP
• ATP is the "universal molecule of energy
transfer" in living things.
The ATP Cycle
• ATP loses a phosphate & in the process
releases the energy stored in the bond
– the energy is used by the cell
– This produces ADP
ATP Cycle Continued
• To generate ATP again
– we must add energy back in order to create
the energy rich phosphate bond
• The energy ultimately from the Sun via
photosynthesis -----> stored as glucose.
– Glucose itself is used as a "fuel" to create
more ATP.
Food For Thought
• What do your cells need energy for?
• Why do your cells only have a small amount
of ATP in them at any given time?
• How is ATP like a fully charged battery?
• How is ADP like a partially charged battery?
You are what you eat
Food Label Analysis
1 Calorie = 1kcalorie or 1,000 calories
Calorie = calorie
The “C” in Calorie is a nutritional unit
What?
• Definition for calorie (notice the lowercase “c”)
The amount of energy to raise 1 g of water 1⁰C
1cal = 1g(water) X 1⁰C
Here’s why nutritionist use “C” Calorie
The label shows that the food provides
200 Calories of energy.
200 Calories = 200 kcalories
200 kcal = _______________calories
So what does 200 Calories mean?
• 200 Calories = 200 kcal = 200,000 calories so….
• If you burned food containing 200,000 calories it would
raise the temp. of 1 gram of water by __________⁰C
Or it would raise the temp of 10 grams of water by
________⁰C
Or it would raise the temp of 100 grams of water by
________⁰C
Or it would raise the temp of 100,000 grams of water by
________⁰C
Calorimetry
This would be fun to try – except we would need
to make some modifications.
Why? How improve? How does one
measure a gram of water?
Modifications to make accurate
measurements
• Your ideas:
• Pre-lab reading
Sample problems
Post lab
• Calories from the various macromolecules in
your food
– Proteins = 4kcal/g
– Carbohydrates = 4kcal/g
– Lipids = 9kcal/g
• Why so much more energy from lipids?
Concept Map
Section 2-3
include
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Concept Map
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
Sugars and
starches
Fats and oils
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,
hydrogen,
oxygen
Carbon,hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorus
Carbon,
hydrogen,oxygen,
nitrogen,
Patient Challenge
• Research the caloric intake and needs of a
hypothetical patient.
!