InterKulturBarometer
Idea, Background, Facts, Study Design …
Centre for Cultural Research /
Zentrum für Kulturforschung (ZfKf)
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
1
The ‚KulturBarometer-Series‘
and its Background
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
2
KULTURBAROMETER
is a nation-wide, representative German survey of ZfKf
addressing different cultural themes and sectors
1973
First survey on the status of the artists and
public participation in the arts
1975-1990
Other sporadic surveys
1991
With the 1. “KulturBarometer”, a new series is
established (first focus on East-West comparisons)
…
2011
15.03.2016
9. KulturBarometer
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
3
Example from the KulturBarometer-Series
Annual concert visits in time comparison
100%
Concerts visited at least once a year
90%
80%
1984/85
1989/90
1993/94
2004/05
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Music theatre /
Opera
15.03.2016
Classical music
concert
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
Jazz/Rock/Pop
concert
Folk music /
'Schlager' concert
4
‚KulturBarometer‘-Special Surveys
and their Background
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
5
KULTURBAROMETER-SPECIAL SURVEYS are:
German representative surveys covering different target groups
(cultural interest, activities, attitudes, ‘cultural biographies’ etc.)
2004
1. Youth Culture Barometer
Target group: Young people in the age of >14 to <25 years
2006
Culture Barometer 50+
Target group: People in the age of 50 and older
2010/11
2. Youth Culture Barometer
Target group: Young people in the age of 14 to 24 years
2011
Intercultural Barometer
Target group: Population with and without migration background
(14 years and older)
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
6
What makes empirical research on
„Migration, arts and cultural
participation“
interesting?
–
Observations from previous surveys
of the KulturBarometer-Series …
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
7
Personal Definition of „Culture“
Differentiated by population groups
Theatre
Music
Cultural heritage / Sights
Fine arts
Music theatre / Opera
Total German population
Education / Character
1. Jugend-Kultur-Barometer (Age 14-24)
Literature
Of which: With migration background
Free time activities
KulturBarometer 50+ and older
Film
Traditions and celebrations
Culture of Nations
Mentality / Lifestyle
Dance
Science
Other
0%
15.03.2016
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
8
People with Migration Background
In Germany 2007, differentiated by age groups
German background
immigrant background
100%
91%
90%
82%
80%
70%
66%
70%
72%
76%
77%
84%
93%
85%
74%
60%
50%
40%
34%
30%
30%
28%
24%
23%
26%
18%
20%
16%
15%
9%
10%
7%
0%
0-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
20-25
25-35
35-45
45-55
55-65
65-75
75 and
older
Data from the German Federal Statistical Office.
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
9
First reason / hypothesis:
The cultural conception in the young generation
in Germany is changing because of migration.
Quotations from qualitative interviews to this aspect
[Pilot study to the InterkulturBarometer]
„Of course, cultures are connected to states and region.
In the origin of differences, religion plays a important role just as the
economic development and the history of a country.“
(Turkish Artist)
„Children with migrant background are not treated correct in school.
The question: Where do you come from?‘ is bad.
In the United States you never would ask this question.“
(Syrian Kurd, Student)
15.03.2016
Center of Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
10
Artistic activities in leisure time
of the 14 to 24-year-old, differentiated by their parent‘s country of origin
60%
50%
Both parents are German
One parent is German
40%
Both parents are from other countries
30%
20%
10%
0%
Has been involved in an art activity (of
any kind)
15.03.2016
Is currently engaged in an artistic
traditional hobby
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
Has attended an artistic program of an
instiution (e.g. music school)
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Second reason / hypothesis:
Artistic activities and expressions help to work up
migrant experience.
Quotations from qualitative interviews to this aspect
[Pilot study to the InterkulturBarometer]
"Migration can encourage creativity, because you have a double past.
I feed myself with culture of different countries
and that‘s a profit for my artistic signature.“
(Turkish Painter)
"Migration benefits a cultural experience and because of this it‘s a gain
for the artistic work. It [migration] is a kick and a challenge.
The bigger the cultural difference between two countries,
the more valuable it is in this regard."
(Russian Musician)
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
12
Country of origin of artists and art works
Cultural offer in the city of Cologne, four months in 2009/10 (n = 4.839) (Multiple response
Germany
63%
54%
11%
Anglo-american area
France
2%
3%
Scandinavia
3%
3%
14%
1%
2%
Italy
Asia
0
Latin America
0
2%
Countries of origin of artists
1%
Russia / Soviet Union
1%
1%
Turkey
1%
1%
Africa
1%
1%
Poland
1%
0%
Countries of origin of art works
4%
5%
Rest of Europe
1%
1%
Rest of eastern Europa
Other countries
2%
5%
15%
17%
Not specified
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
31% of the Cologne population has a migration background; 36% of all foreigners in Cologne come from Turkey.
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15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
Cultural offers of the Cologne migrant associations
Differentiated by art forms and country of origin (Multiple response)
Traditional art from countries of origin of members
81%
Classical art from Europe
35%
Contemporary art from Europe
23%
Contemporary art from countries of origin of members
19%
Popular art from Europe and the anglo-american area
19%
Traditional art from Germany
18%
Popular art from countries of origin of members
18%
Classical art from countries of origin of members
12%
Not specified
5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
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15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
Third reason / hypothesis:
Migration can build up cultural “parallel societies”.
Quotation from qualitative interviews to this aspect
[Pilot study to the InterkulturBarometer]
„In Russia we were always Germans.
Here we are always Russians.“
(Russian-German customs employee)
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
15
Interest in Different Exhibition Themes
Comparison of younger and older people in Germany
Ethnology art
Antique arts / Archeology
Contemporary history
(Cultural) History exhibitions
Medieval art / Renaissance art
Baroque art / Romantic art
Photography
Contemporary art
Age 50 and older
Age 14-24
Applied arts
Impressionism / Expressionism
Architecture / Design
Science / Natural history exhibitions
Modern sculptures
Media / Video art
0%
15.03.2016
5%
10%
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
15%
20%
25%
30%
16
Refusal of „Foreign" Arts
In relation to school education and cultural participation of 14 to 24-year-olds
“I don’t like foreign arts at all”
(Reason for a lack of contact with the arts of different cultures)
100%
80%
chi2 = 12,2
60%
chi2 = 19,0
strong interest in cultural offers
low or no interest in cultural offers
chi2 = 14,`3
40%
20%
0%
low
medium
high
school education level...
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
17
Relationship to culture of countries
Of the qualitative interviewpartners in the pilot study (InterKulturBarometer)
Artists of immigrant
background (n=5)
Artists of German
background (n=2)
Non-Artists of immigrant background (n=3)
Country of
Origin
Germany
Europe
Other
Countries
No country
in particular
+++
++
++
+
+
+
+
+
++
+
Non-Artists of German
background (n=2)
+
+
Migrants, especially artists, are able to identify
themselves with several national and regional cultures.
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
18
Fourth reason / hypothesis:
The arts provide opportunities to build "bridges"
between people of different origin/cultural
background
Quotation from qualitative interviews to this aspect
[Pilot study to the InterkulturBarometer]
„Art can definitely be a bridge. I mustn‘t speak with other musicians,
it‘s enough, if we all make music.
Then music is the language.“
(Iranian female Singer)
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
19
About the Study Design of
the InterKulturBarometer
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
20
Main Topics of the InterKulturBarometer
1) ‘Cultural Participation‘ in the population
with and without migrant background: Is
there a difference?
2) What opportunities for the arts to build
"bridges" between people with different origin
or cultural background?
3) What are the prospects for a ‚transcultural‘
society? What forms of new artistic
expressions are developing?
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
21
Module 1
Germany-wide
Representative
Sample
Module 2
Regional
Qualitative
Interviews
(n = 2.500)
„Stratified Sample":
In two regions (Länder)
Nationwide representative survey plus
representative survey of migrant population
(optional)
Taking different regional
sites into account
(Big cities, towns and rural areas)
Start: in October 2011
Start: in June 2011
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
22
Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit
„I see no deficit [ … in my migration experience …]
but, as an artist, rather a gain;
even for the country, in which I live now.
The country is more colourful now.“
(Turkish Painter)
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
23
Vielen
Dank
für
Ihre
Aufmerksamkeit
Thank you very much for your attention!
15.03.2016
Centre for Cultural Research/
Prof. Dr. Susanne Keuchel
24