COMMERCIAL CHEMICALS
PFN ME45B
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Terminal Learning Objective
• Action: Identify commercial chemicals
characteristic and the associated hazards
• Condition: Given a NFPA Haz-Mat Quick
Guide, 2004 ACGIH, 2000 ERG, NIOSH pocket
guide, or using PEAC-WMD or NFPA Haz-Mat
Quick Guide (Electronic Edition)
• Standard: Correctly Identify the characteristics
of commercial chemicals
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Enabling Learning Objectives
• Research hazard chemical information using the
NFPA Quick Guide
• Identify threshold limit values using the
AGCIH TLV’s & BEI’s
• Research hazard chemical information using the
Emergency Response Guide (ERG)
• Research hazard chemical information using the
NIOSH Pocket Guide
• Research hazard chemical information using the
PEAC-WMD
• Research hazard chemical information using the
NFPA Quick Guide (digital version)
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Definitions
• Flash Point
• Autoignition temperature
• Upper and Lower
Flammable limits
• Density
• Specific Gravity / Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
•S- 4 Hazard Identification
Definitions
• Flash Point
• Autoignition Temperature
• Upper and Lower
Flammable limits
• Density
• Specific Gravity / Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
• Hazard Identification
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Definitions
• Flash Point
• Ignition temperature
• Upper and Lower
Flammable limits
• Density
• Specific Gravity / Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
• Hazard Identification
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Too
Lean
Just
Right
Too
Rich
Definitions
• Flash Point
• Ignition temperature
• Upper and Lower
Flammable limits
Mass
------Volume
• Density
• Specific Gravity/Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
• Hazard Identification
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Water =1 g/ml
Definitions
• Flash Point
• Ignition temperature
• Upper and Lower
Flammable limits
• Density
• Specific Gravity /
Vapor Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
•S- 8 Hazard Identification
Air / Water =1
Definitions
• Flash Point
• Ignition temperature
• Upper and Lower Flammable
limits
• Density
• Specific Gravity / Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
• Hazard Identification
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Definitions
•
•
•
•
•
Flash Point
Ignition temperature
Upper and Lower Flammable limits
Density
Specific Gravity / Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
• Hazard Identification
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Definitions
• Flash Point
• Ignition temperature
• Upper and Lower Flammable
limits
• Density
• Specific Gravity / Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing
media
• Hazard Identification
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Definitions
• Flash Point
• Ignition temperature
• Upper and Lower Flammable
limits
• Density
• Specific Gravity / Vapor
Density
• Boiling Point
• Water Solubility
• Extinguishing media
• Hazard
Identification
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Definitions
Polymerization
A chemical reaction which binds
many similar molecules
together in a chain
Such reactions commonly converts
Polymerization can produce:
liquids into a plastic or rubber
Heat
like compound
Expansion of the mixture
causing containers
to rupture
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National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) Hazardous Materials
Quick Guide
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NFPA Haz-Mat Quick Guide
• The Guide is compiled from hundreds of references
including NIOSH, EPA, ACGIH, and OSHA.
• It presents clearly organized hazard summaries for
nearly 2,000 of the common chemicals listed in
NFPA 49, NFPA 325, NFPA 491, and the
Emergency Response Guide (ERG).
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NFPA Haz-Mat Quick Guide
Arrangement of Information
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– Chemical Name
• CAS No.
• ID/UN No.
– Emergency Overview
• NFPA 704 Hazards
• Major Health Hazards
• Physical Hazards
– Chemical Identification
• Synonyms
– RTECS No.
• Color
• Physical Form
• Odor
• Taste
NFPA Haz-Mat Quick Guide
Arrangement of Information
– Fire Fighting Measures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Fire and Explosion Hazards
Extinguishing Media
Fire Fighting
Flammability Class (OSHA)
Flash Point
Autoignition
Lower Flammable Limit
Upper Flammable Limit
NFPA Haz-Mat Quick Guide
Arrangement of Information
– Reactivity
• Instability
• Polymerization
–
–
–
–
–
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Incompatible Substances
First Aid
ID / UN Index (Pg. 989)
CAS Index (Pg. 999)
Synonym Index (Pg. 1007)
Learning Check
What is the flash point, in centigrade of
Para-Chlorobenzotrifluoride?
47oC (p. 212)
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Learning Check
What is the CAS number for Sulfur?
7704-34-9 (p. 861)
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Learning Check
Is Phenyl Acetate stable in storage?
Yes (p. 740)
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Learning Check
What hazard might be encountered when
heating Celluloid?
May explode on heating. (p. 193)
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Learning Check
What is the major health hazard with Kilrat?
Potentially fatal if swallowed (p. 982-983)
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NFPA 704 Standards System for the
Identification of Materials for Emergency
Response
• Identifies the hazards of a material in terms of three
principal categories health, flammability and instability /
reactivity.
• The fourth space is reserved for indicating special hazards,
and it has no color.
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NFPA 704
• Health Hazard
– The likelihood of a material to cause, injury or
incapacitation due to an acute exposure by
• inhalation
• ingestion
• eye and skin contact
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NFPA 704
• Health Hazard
– Degrees of Hazard (4-0)
– Materials that under Emergency conditions
•
•
•
•
•
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4 - Lethal
3 - Cause serious or permanent injury
2 - Cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury
1 - Cause significant irritation
0 - Would offer no hazard beyond
ordinary combustible materials
NFPA 704
• Flammability
– The susceptibility of materials to burning.
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NFPA 704
• Flammability
– Degrees of Hazard
• 4 Materials that will rapidly or completely vaporize at
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), which will burn
rapidly or which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.
• 3 Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all
ambient temperature conditions or can create explosive
mixtures with air.
• 2 Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to
relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur.
• 1 Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.
• 0 Materials that will not burn.
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NFPA 704
• Instability / Reactivity
– The degree of susceptibility of materials to
release energy, by themselves through selfreaction, polymerization or reaction with
another chemical compound.
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NFPA 704
• Instability
– Degrees of Hazards
• 4- detonation or explosive decomposition at normal
temperatures
• 3- detonation or explosive decomposition with a strong
initiation source.
• 2- undergo violent chemical change at elevated
temperatures and pressures
• 1- normally stable but can become unstable at elevated
temperatures and pressures
• 0- stable even under fire conditions
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NFPA 704
• Special Hazard
– Materials that demonstrate unusual reactivity with water.
W
– Materials that possess strong oxidizing properties .
OX
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Learning Check
• What hazard is represented by the yellow area.
Instability / Reactivity
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Learning Check
• What hazard is represented by the red area
at the 12 o’clock position?
Flammability
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Learning Check
Can UN1268 be stored with oxidizing materials?
No- Incompatible Substance (p.566-567)
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Why Petrochemicals are so
alike in chemical composition
Fraction of
crude oil
Boiling point
in °C
dissolved
gases
below 0
petrol
around 65
naphtha
around 130
kerosene
around 200
diesel oil
around 300
bitumen
over 400
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Learning Check
What does Norway Saltpeter look like?
Clear to gray crystals (p. 178)
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American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical
Agents, Biological Exposure Indices, (TLVs and BEIs)
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Exposure Limits
• Permissible Exposure Limits
• 29 CFR Part 1910-1000, Subparts G and Z
• Published Exposure Levels
– ACGIH’s TLVs and BEIs for 1998-1999
– NOISH Recommendations for Occupational
Health Standards
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Exposure Limits
• Used to determine:
– Site characterization
– Medical surveillance
– Exposure controls
• Engineered controls
• Work practices
• Personal protective equipment selection
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TLVs
Three categories of Threshold Limit Values
(TLVs):
• TLV-TWA-Threshold Limit Value-Time
Weighted Average
• TLV-STEL-Threshold Limit ValueShort-Term Exposure Limit
• TLV-C Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling
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TLV-TWA
• TLV-TWA Threshold Limit Value-Time
Weighted Average
• Averages the concentrations of exposure
– Based on 8 hour period
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TWA
Concentration
Acetone TLV-TWA 500 ppm (ACGIH)
600 ppm for 3 hrs
500 ppm for 2 hrs
200 ppm for 3 hrs
For an 8-hr TWA
= (3 hrs)(600) + (2 hrs)(500) + (3
hrs)(200)=3400
8
= 425 ppm
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500
TWA
Learning Check
What is the time weighted average for
Ethylene dichloride?
10 ppm (p. 29)
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TLVs
• TLV-STEL Threshold Limit Value-Short Term
Exposure Limit
– 15 minute Time-Weighted Average exposure
concentration not to be exceed at any time during the
workday even if the 8-hr exposure is within the TLVTWA.
– It is intended to protect against:
• Irritation
• Chronic or irreversible tissue damage
• Narcosis or disturbed thought processes
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TLVs
• Exposures above TWA and up to the STEL
should not:
– exceed 15 minutes
– occur more than 4 times per work day
– have less than 60 minutes between successive
STEL exposures
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TLV-STEL
1000
STEL
50
0
TWA
6am
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10am
3pm
Learning Check
What is the short term exposure limit for
Ammonia
35 ppm (p.12)
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Learning Check
What is the TWA for Mr. Alfred after working
with Methylcyclohexane on Monday
4hrs 100ppm, 2hrs 50ppm, 2hrs 500ppm
187.5ppm 188ppm
400+100+1000 =
8
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Did he exceed the TWA?
No
TLV-C
• TLV-C Threshold Limit Value-Ceiling
– the concentration that should not be exceeded
during ANY part of the working exposure
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ADOPTED VALUES
TWA
Substance (CAS No.)
(ppm/mg/m3)
STEL/C
(ppm/mg/m3)
Mol
Wgt
TLV Basis -Critical Effect(s)
Notations: A- Carcinogens (see pg.43)
B- Substances of Variable Compositions (see pg. 44)
Skin- Exposure by the Cutaneous route including mucous
membranes and eyes, either by vapor or direct contact with
the substance.
SEN-Sensitizer, refers to the confirmed potential for worker
sensitization as a result of dermal contact or
inhalation exposure
‡-Notice of intended changes (NIC)
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2000 Emergency Response
Guidebook
ERG
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ERG
• Guidebook for First Responders during the
initial phase of a hazardous
materials/dangerous goods incident.
• Based on CFR 49 Transportation
• Hazard Classification
– Indicated either by its class or division
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DOT Hazard Classes
• Class 1 (Explosives)
• Class 2 (Compressed Gases)
• Class 3 (Flammable and Combustible
Liquids)
• Class 4 (Flammable Solids)
• Class 5 (Oxidizers)
• Class 6 (Poisonous Materials)
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DOT Hazard Classes
• Class 7 (Radioactive Materials)
• Class 8 (Corrosives)
• Class 9 (Miscellaneous Hazardous
Materials)
• ORM-D (Otherwise Regulated Materials)
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Class 1 (Explosives)
• DOT assigns Explosives to a compatibility
group (A through S) to define segregation
and storage requirements in transportation.
These groups are dictated by 49 CFR.
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ERG
• Class 1 Explosive
–
–
–
–
–
–
Division 1.1 - mass explosions hazard
Division 1.2 - projection hazard
Division 1.3 - predominantly a fire hazard
Division 1.4 - no significant blast hazard
Division 1.5 - very insensitive : blasting agents
Division 1.6 - extremely insensitive detonating articles
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Class 2 (Compressed Gases)
• Gases stored under a specified amount of pressure
• Major hazard: BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding vapor
Explosion)
• Three Divisions
– 2.1 Flammable Gas
– 2.2 Non-flammable Gas
– 2.2 Oxygen
– 2.3 Poisonous Gas
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Class 3 (Flammable and
Combustible Liquids)
• Includes both flammable and Combustible
Liquids
• Burns Readily
• No Divisions
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Class 4 (Flammable Solids)
• Can cause fire through friction or be readily
ignited and, when ignited, burns vigorously
• Three Divisions
– 4.1 through 4.3
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Class 4 (Flammable Solids)
• Division 4.1 - Flammable Solids
• Division 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible materials
• Division 4.3 - Dangerous when wet materials
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Class 5 (Oxidizers)
• Substances that yield oxygen readily to
stimulate combustion
• Two divisions
– 5.1 Oxidizers
– 5.2 Organic Peroxides
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Class 6 (Poisonous Materials)
• Poisonous materials to humans (other than
gases - recall Div 2.3)
• Major Hazard: Toxicity and/or Infectious
properties
• Two divisions
– 6.1 and 6.2
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Class 7 (Radioactive Materials)
• Any substance that emits specific amounts
of ionizing radiation
• No divisions
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Class 8 (Corrosives)
• Corrosive solids and liquids
• No divisions
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Class 9 (Miscellaneous
Hazardous Materials)
• Material presents a hazard during transport,
but is not included in another hazard class
• No divisions
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ORM
• Materials that present limited hazards
during transport due to form, quantity
and/or packaging
• No placarding requirement (labels)
• Examples
– Small arms ammo, consumer commodities
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Dangerous Placard
• Used for loads with different hazard classes
• Individual hazard class placards may also
be displayed
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ERG
• Color Coded Pages
– Yellow, Blue, Orange and Green
• Yellow
– Material is listed by ID No.
• Includes Guide No. and name of the material
• NOTE: For highlighted materials, look for the ID
number and the Names of material in the table of
isolation and protective
distance. (Green Pages)
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ERG
• Blue
– Material alphabetically by material name
– Includes Guide No. and ID No.
• Orange pages -Guides
– Potential Hazard
– Public Safety
– Emergency Response
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ERG
• Green pages-The table of isolation and Protective
Distances
– suggests distances useful to protect people from
vapors resulting from spills which are
considered poisonous/toxic by inhalation.
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ERG
• Table of Isolation and Protective Action Distances
– Listed by ID no. and material name.
• Listing for small spills and large spills
– Gives distances for isolation zones in all directions
measured in meters and feet.
– Gives distance for protection zones for downwind
during day and night. Measured in kilometers and
miles.
Also contains a list of Dangerous Water-reactive
Materials
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Wind Direction
Protective
Action Zone
1/2 Downwind
Distance
Initial
Isolation
Zone
Spill
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Downwind Distance
1/2 Downwind
Distance
Learning Check
What is the Material name for UN 1231?
Methyl acetate
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Learning Check
What are the Guide and ID numbers for
Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate?
Guide 154
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ID 2509 (p.163)
Learning Check
What is used to fight a fire involving a small
spill of UN 1070?
Dry chemical or CO2
(p. 209)
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Learning Check
What is the protective action distance in
kilometers, involving a large spill of
Bromoacetone at night?
1.9km (pg. 322)
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Learning Check
What toxic gas is produced when water is mixed
with Lithium amide?
NH3 –Ammonia (pg. 360)
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NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
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NIOSH
Tables
1. Codes for measurement methods
2. Ordering information for measurement
methods
3. Personal protection and sanitation codes
4. Symbols, code components and codes used
for respirator selection
5. Abbreviations for symptoms of exposure and
target organs
6. Codes for first aid data
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Ionizing Potential (IP)
• Energy required to remove the outermost
electron from the molecule
• Measured in electron volts eV
This is the only book you will find this in!
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Learning Check
What is the molecular weight and boiling
point of Pentachlorophenol?
MW 266.4
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BP 588ºF
(p. 242)
Learning Check
What are the target organs for Titanium
dioxide?
Respiratory System (p.310-311)
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Learning Check
What is the IDLH for Chloropicrin?
2ppm (p. 66)
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Learning Check
What is the Chemical name for
CAS #287-92-3?
Cyclopentane (p. 86)
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PALMTOP EMERGENCY
ACTION FOR CHEMICALS
PEAC-WMD
www.aristatek.com
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PEAC-WMD
• Chemical-Specific Information including:
– Military Chemicals, Precursors and Explosives
– Biological Warfare Agents and Radio nuclides
– Herbicides & Pesticides
•
•
•
•
Respirator Recommendations
Chemical Protective Clothing
Printing and Uploading Capabilities
Protective Action Distances
– Source
– Meteorology
– Terrain
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PEAC-WMD
• Fast and easy search
• 10,000 chemicals and
synonyms searchable
by chemical name,
UN number or CAS
number.
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PEAC-WMD
Protective
Action Zone
Spill
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Downwind Distance
NFPA Haz-Mat Quick Guide
(Electronic Edition)
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QUESTIONS
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SUMMARY
• Research hazard chemical information using the NFPA
Haz-Mat Quick Guide
• Identify threshold limit values using the AGCIH
• Research hazard chemical information using the ERG
• Research hazard chemical information using the NIOSH
• Research hazard chemical information using the PEACWMD
• Research hazard chemical information using the NFPA
Haz-Mat Quick Guide (Electronic Edition)
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