Pending ADA Regulations &
Local Government Facilities
Preparing for
Change
Presented by L. Scott Lissner
March 5th, 2009
Objectives & Housekeeping
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Understand the historical context
Identify a conceptual framework
Know what questions to ask
Know where to find the answers
Respect the privacy of others
Questions & Breaks
DISCLAIMERS
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Make It Sound Easy
I am not an architect
I am not a lawyer
“Dragnet” disclaimer: The story you are about to read is
true; the names have been changed to protect the innocent
CAUTION
POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS
CAN BE DANGEROUS
NASA's Columbia Accident Investigation Board
identified simplistic thinking from an overreliance on PowerPoint presentations as a
contributing factor in the Columbia shuttle
disaster.
(New York Times Magazine 12/14/2003)
• 49.7 million people age 5 and over with a
disability (19%)
25 million had difficulty walking a quarter
mile, climbing 10 stairs, or used an
ambulatory aid
18 million had difficulty carrying a 10pound bag of groceries or grasping
small objects.
8.0 million had difficulty hearing what
was said in a normal conversation (even
when wearing a hearing aid)
7.7 million had difficulty seeing the
words and letters in a typical newspaper
(even with glasses)
Why provide access?
• It is the right thing to do
• The value of diversity
• The Law
It Is The Right thing To Do
• Social Interactions
define society and
individuals
• Impairment is a
dimension of human
experience
• A society is no better
than how it treats its
most vulnerable
persons
Diversity
• Disability is both unique and ubiquitous
• Disability is a catalyst for innovation
• Individuals with disabilities control over
$175 billion in discretionary spending.
A History of Exclusion
• The Nazi T4 movement (the extermination of
people with disabilities) set the stage for the
Holocaust
• The eugenics laws of the Nazis were based on
American science and law
• The last state eugenics law was repealed in 1968
• Ugly Laws; Columbus 1972; Chicago 1974
• Public Schools could refuse disabled students until
1975; public colleges until 1978.
Disability History Portal:
http://www.disabilityresources.org/HISTORY.html
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
“No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in
the United States, as defined in section 7(20), shall,
solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded
from the participation in, be denied the benefits of,
or be subjected to discrimination under any
program or activity receiving Federal financial
assistance or under any program or activity
conducted by any Executive agency or by the
United States Postal Service.”
Basic Civil Rights Objectives of Section
504 and the ADA
• End isolation of persons with disabilities
• Secure equal opportunity
• Ensure equitable treatment
• Foster independence
• Prevent a hostile environment
Provide equally effective access to programs,
benefits and services for qualified individuals
with disabilities in the most integrated manner
possible
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act 34 CFR 104 &
Title II of the Americans With Disabilities Act 28 CFR 35
Americans With Disabilities Act
• Civil Rights law that protects individuals
with disabilities from discrimination in:
– Employment;
– Public Accommodations
– State & Local Government
– Transportation
– Telecommunications
From: XXXX Design Architect
Sent:
Wednesday, April 07, 2004 8:51 AM
To:
University Architect
Cc:
Department Chair, University Engineer, ADA Coordinator
Subject: Phase I: Plan Review
This area is illustrated on the attached plans, Rm.#42T, is an
existing non-ADA-compliant toilet room, that we have
deliberately not included in the scope of this project, to
avoid the need to make it compliant. The door to this room
swings outward into the passage (Rm. 42B) that now serves
as egress for the on rooms 42 C,D & E. The passage is now a
path of egress so the outward door swing is not permissible.
If we change the door swing, we will be modifying the
bathroom, which would then require an upgrade to ADA
status.
Arenas & Stadia
Existing Facilities
Existing Facilities
Fairs
Fairs
Graduation
Graduation
Parking
Parking
Tours
Tours
Emergency Shelters &
Evacuation
Communication
Medical Services
Programs
and ActivitiesCommunication
All Programs
& Activities
Administrative Services
Administrative Services
CommunityEvents
Events
Community
EVERYTHING
EVERYTHINGYOU
YOUDO!
DO!
Information Kiosks
Information Kiosks
Plays and Concerts
Plays and Concerts
Food Service
Food Service
Alterations
Alterations
Sidewalks & Rights of way
Housing
Exhibits
Exhibits
Housing
OutdoorAreas
Areas
Outdoor
Classes
Classes
Websites
Websites
Sporting Events
Sporting Events
Gym/Physical Education
Parks play
Labs
Labs
New Construction
New Construction
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY &
STANDARDS
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SAFE HARBOR
MINIMUM COMPLIANCE
FLOOR NOT CIELING
ANTHROPOMORPHIC DIVERSITY
USABILTY
SUSTAINABILITY
UNIVERSAL DESIGN
COVERAGE & APPROACH
ROOTED IN STATUTE
• The Built Environment
• The relationship of standards & statute
• Exceptions
– Structural & Site Infeasibility
– Equivalent Facilitation
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Zero tolerance for design error
Recognition of field tolerances
Usability & Technical Compliance
Safe Harbor
CHOOSING A STANDARD
•ANSI
•ABA
•UFAS
•ADA Standards For Accessible Design
•Fair Housing Act
•IBC
•State Building Codes
•New ADA/ABA
The Built Environment
Facilities Access
• All new buildings and alterations must meet
applicable accessibility standards
– Construction after June 3, 1977 is considered new
construction under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
– Construction after January 26, 1992 is considerd new
under the ADA
– Revised Standards ???
• Includes supporting amenities and path of travel
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN CHOICES
Facilities Access Cycle
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Maintenance
Master Plan
Capital Budgeting
Program of Requirements
Schematic Design
Design & Development
Contract Documents
Construction
Change Orders
Punch List
Maintenance
Establish An Approach
A Self Evaluation Model
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List Programs & Facilities
Map Use and Features
Choose a Survey Checklist
List Barriers (Facilities & Program)
Consider Capital-Planning Process
Analyze Program Access Options
Identify Barrier Removal Methods (permanent
and interim)
• Develop A Schedule (Include an update cycle)
• Assign Responsibility & Authority
DECISION MAKING IN A
LOOSELY COUPLED SYSTEM
LOSELY COUPLED SYSTEMS & THE
GARBAGE CAN MODEL OF
MANGAGEMENT
• The ad hoc decision
making and unclear
funding streams of
decentralized
decision making can
result in barriers to
access
SUPLIMENTS TO ADAAG
THE “NEW” ADAAG DOT AND DOJ
BEYOND ADAAG
New ADA-ABA Accessibility
Guidelines Are In Progress
• Updates ADAAG & UFAS
• Harmonization, Consistency & Clarity
– ICC/ANSI A117.1-2003 & IBC 2003
• Includes Previous supplements
– State & Local Gov’t Facilities (1998)
– Children’s Environments (1998)
– Play Areas (2000)
– Recreation Facilities (2002)
New ADA-ABA Accessibility
• New Format
– Numbering system
– New figures
– All dimensions in text
– New advisory notes
Retrofitting & Barrier Removal
Structural Infeasibility & Equivalent Facilitation
Renovation
Parking & Pedestrian Travel
New Construction
Universal Design Approach
• Person-Environment
Interaction
• Maximum Usability
• Efficient Functioning
• Flexibility
• Aesthetics
• Cost
Requires Mindful Creativity of the Designer
• “Universal design is the design of
products and environments to be usable
by all people, to the greatest extent
possible, without the need for adaptation
or specialized design.”
Ron Mace
• The intent of universal design is to
simplify life for everyone by making
products, communications, and the built
environment more usable by as many
people as possible at little or no extra
cost. Universal design benefits people of
all ages and abilities.
Universal Design is:
• Market driven
• A process not a goal
• Minimizing incompatibilities between conditions of people
and their environment
• About form and function
• Incorporates awareness of all users needs
• Comfortable & safe for widest possible range of potential
users
• Inclusive
• Requires the mindful creativity of the designer
Universal Design is not:
• Compliance with minimum accessibility regulations
• Adding on a ramp or accessible features
• One size fits all
Principles of Universal Design
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Equitable Use
Flexibility in Use
Clear and Intuitive Use
Perceptible Information
Tolerance for Error
Low Physical Effort
Size and Space for Approach and Use
Equitable Use
Welcoming to diverse groups; provides for
equivalent if not identical participation and
effort.
Consider characteristics such as height,
weight, strength, vision, hearing gender,
language and cultural/background of all
potential users.
Flexibility in Use
Adaptability of the spaces over time and
uses.
Flexibility in control by the users in
interacting with specific elements and
functions
At home, work & Play
Simple and Intuitive Use
Provides consistent forms, locations, and
cues for way finding, operation or
interaction.
Understandable to the novice and efficient
for experienced users with diverse
experience, cultural backgrounds,
languages and educational levels
Perceptible Information
Communicate information effectively
across the spectrum of ambient conditions
(light, sound, activity) using a variety of
modalities (tactile, visual, auditory,
linguistic).
Where?
What?
Tolerance for Error
Minimize hazards and the adverse
consequences of unintended actions,
variations in pace, or vigilance.
Provide warnings or fail safe features
when needed.
Low Physical Effort
Efficient building systems.
Minimize user fatigue by reducing the
need for sustained physical effort, allowing
for neutral or ergonomic body positioning
and reasonable operating forces.
Size & Space for Approach and Use
Appropriate space to approach and reach
across the full range of user heights, sizes
and relative position.
Appropriately sized elements to allow
manipulation across a range of hand
sizes, reach ranges and positions.
The Principles work most effectively
when used together
Tolerance for Error
Equitable Use
Size and Space
for Approach
and Use
Flexibility
in Use
Simple and
Intuitive Use
Low
Physical Effort
Perceptible Information
Facilities Access
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Appalachian State University, OCR Complaint #11-04-2049
Spring Hill College, OCR Case #04-01-2068
California State University, Hayward, OCR Case #09-04-2016
Sacramento City College, OCR Case #09-03-2028
University of California, Berkeley OCR Case #09-00-2097
North Park University, OCR Case #05-04-6002
Berklee College of Music OCR Case #01-02-2060
Valdosta State Univ. OCR Case #04-98-2120 & 04-98-2131
Victor Valley Community District OCR Case #09-04-2024.)
University of California, Berkeley Settlement (2005)
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Buildings
Paths of Travel
Way Finding
Transportation
Evacuation
(http://equity.chance.berkeley.edu/Gustafson_Settlement.pdf)
• Duke University (2000)
– (http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/foia/ncduke.html)
CHAPTER 1
Application and Administration
101 – Purpose
102 – Dimensions for Adults and Children
103 – Equivalent Facilitation
104 – Conventions
105 – Referenced Standards
106 – Definitions
Conventions
• Dimensions – range instead of absolute
dimension where possible
• Construction and manufacturing
tolerances (absolute dimensions)
• Calculation of percentages
• Figures – informational; text governs
Referenced Standards
• powered doors (ANSI/BHMA A156.10 &
A156.19)
• elevators and lifts (ASME A17.1 & A18.1)
• egress (IBC)
• alarms (NFPA 72)
• play surfacing & equipment (ASTM
standards)
CHAPTER 2
Scoping Requirements
Application (201)
Premise:
All areas of newly designed/
constructed facilities to comply,
unless indicated
Exceptions more thoroughly
covered
Existing Buildings and
Facilities (202)
• Additions
• Alterations
(specific exceptions now located at
relevant provision)
• Primary Function Areas – Path of Travel
• Qualified Historic Facilities
ABA Application & Scoping
(Chapters F1 & F2)
Consistent with ADA document except for:
• modifications and waivers (F103)
• definitions (F106)
• additions (F202.2)
• leased facilities (F202.6)
• employee work areas (full coverage)
• existing elements (F203.2)
General Exceptions (203)
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construction sites
raised areas
limited access spaces
machinery spaces
single occupant structures (e.g., toll booths)
certain common use spaces is detention and
correction facilities and residential facilities
• employee work areas
• various spaces in recreation facilities
ADA
Work Areas
• “approach, entry,
& exit”
• circulation paths
(in areas ≥ 1000 sq ft)
• means of egress
• visual alarm
connection
(full access in
ABA facilities)
ADA Employee Work Areas
Circulation paths accessible except where:
• Work areas < 1000 sq. ft. defined by
permanent partitions, casework,
counters, or furnishings
• paths = integral part of equipment
• exterior areas fully exposed to the
weather
Accessible Routes (206)
Scoping for routes & route elements located in
206:
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location
entrances
doors
elevators
platform lifts
security barriers
Accessible Routes
• access not req’d if no pedestrian route provided
• if circulation path = interior, accessible route
= interior
• mezzanines – vertical access not req’d where
elevator not req’d
• performance areas - direct connection from
seating areas, where provided, must be
accessible
Press Boxes
New exception:
• 500 sq ft or less
(aggregate area)
• on bleachers entered
on 1 level
• free-standing – elevated 12’ or more
Entrances (206.4)
At least 60% of public entrances to comply
Also:
• direct access from parking structures (all)
• direct access from tunnels or elevated
walkways (at least 1)
• different fixed routes in transit facilities
• entrances to different tenant spaces
• restricted or secured entrances (at least 1)
Elevators (206.2)
Exceptions:
• Private facilities < 3 stories or < 3000 sq.
ft./ story
• Public facilities (2 story) - if 1 story not
open to public, occupancy of 5 or fewer
• Certain dwelling units & transient lodging
guest rooms
Elevators (206.2)
Exceptions:
• Detention & correctional facilities
• Air traffic control towers (cab & floor
below)
• Qualified historic facilities
Elevators (206.6)
Limited Use/ Limited Application (LULA)
Allowed:
• where standard elevator not required
• alternative to platform lifts
• in residential dwelling units (private
residence elevator also permitted)
Means of Egress (207)
Reference to the
International
Building Code (IBC)
Standby power for
platform lifts on
egress routes
Parking (208)
Van Spaces - 1 of every 6 accessible spaces
(instead of 1 of 8)
Passenger Loading
Zones (209)
at least 1 for
every 100 linear
ft. of loading
zone space
provided
Stairways (210)
• all stairs that are part of a means of
egress must comply
• exceptions for alterations & stairs in
assembly areas
Drinking Fountains (211)
Where provided on an exterior site or floor,
• 2 required: wheelchair accessible & standing
access
• alternative: single unit with
dual access (e.g., “hi-lo” units)
• multiple installations:
50% of each type
Kitchens, Kitchenettes,
& Sinks (212)
• new provision –
applies where
provided
• covers sinks
(5% or at least 1)
• mop & service sinks
exempted
Toilet & Bathing Facilities
(213)
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Scoping for rooms & elements (e.g.,
toilets, lavs, mirrors)
toilet rooms clustered
at 1 location: 50% scoping
unisex toilet rooms
Urinals - access where
more than 1 provided
Washing Machines and
Clothes Dryers (214)
At least:
• 1 accessible where 3 or
fewer provided
• 2 accessible where
more than 3 provided
Fire Alarm Systems (215)
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public and common use areas
employee work areas (wiring)
transient lodging
residential facilities
alterations: compliance required where
system upgraded or replaced or a new
one is installed
Signs (216)
Scoping clarified:
• tactile/ visual – labels for permanent
rooms & spaces, exit doors
• visual – directional or informational signs
• exempt: temporary signs, building menus,
directories, addresses, company names
and logos
Signs (216)
Specific provisions for:
• means of egress
• parking
• entrances
• elevators
• toilet and bathing rooms
• TTYs
• assistive listening systems
• check-out aisles
• amusement rides
Telephones (217)
Volume controls on
all public phones
Telephones – TTYs (217)
Scoping based on pay phones provided:
• banks – where 4 or more provided
(exception for banks within 200 ft.)
• floors and buildings:
- where 1 provided (public building)
- where 4 or more provided (private bldg.)
• exterior sites – where 4 or more provided
Transportation Facilities
(218)
• Rail Stations
• Key Stations and Existing Intercity
Stations
• Bus Shelters
• Other Facilities (e.g., airports)
Assistive Listening
Systems (219)
Required where:
• audible communication = integral to use
of the space and
• audio amplification provided
(except courtrooms)
No longer based on fixed
seating or occupant load
ATMs & Fare Machines
(220)
Access to at least 1
of each type at each
location
Assembly Areas (221)
Wheelchair Spaces
lower scoping for
assembly areas with
more than 500 seats:
• 501 – 5,000 seats: 1 space/ every 150 seats
(instead of 1%)
• > 5,000: 0.5% scoping
Assembly Areas (221)
Provisions for:
• luxury boxes, club boxes, and suites
(spaces req’d in each per scoping table)
• tiered box seating
• team and player seating areas (recreation
rule)
Assembly Areas (221)
Dispersion of wheelchair spaces –
to provide choices of seating locations &
viewing angles “substantially equal to, or
better than,” the choices of all other
spectators
Assembly Areas (221)
Spaces must be dispersed:
• horizontally (side-to-side)
• vertically (front-to-back) at “varying
distances” from the performance area,
screen, or playing field
Assembly Areas (221)
Assembly Areas (221)
Other Changes:
• companion seat
for each space
(can be movable)
• designated aisle seats - reduced number
(5% of aisle seats, instead of 1% of total)
• lawn seating - accessible route
Dressing, Fitting, &
Locker Rooms (222)
Access to at least 5%
of each type of use in
each cluster
(no change from
original ADAAG)
Storage (225)
• Lockers (5%)
• Self-service shelving
• Self-service storage spaces:
- 5% (up to 200)
- 2% (over 200)
Dining & Work Surfaces
(226)
Access to at least 5%, not fewer than 1
[no change from original ADAAG]
Does not apply to employee work surfaces
in ADA facilities
Sales & Service
Counters (227)
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Sale counters
Service counters
Check-out aisles
Food service lines
Queues
Waiting lines
Depositories, Vending/ Change
Machines, Mail Boxes, Fuel
Dispensers (228)
• at least 1 of each type to be accessible
• mail boxes – 5% of each type
Two-Way Communication
Systems (230)
• applies where provided
• audible and visual signals
Judicial Facilities (231)
Detention & Correctional
Facilities (232)
Developed as supplement to ADAAG (1998)
Included without change
Judicial Facilities
provisions for courtrooms & holding cells
Detention and Correctional Facilities
2% scoping for cells
Residential Facilities
(233 & F233)
Covers public housing (ADA, ABA)
In general, private housing not covered by
ADA (may be covered by Fair Housing)
Residential Facilities
(233)
Recognize Rehabilitation Act (section 504) regs
issued by Dept. of Housing & Urban Development
HUD’s 504 Regulations:
• at least 5% of units accessible (in multi-family
projects of 5 or more units)
• at least 2% - accessible communication features
• consistent with guidelines but also cover how
scoping applies to housing “projects”
Residential Facilities
(233)
Other housing (not covered by HUD regs):
• 5% wheelchair accessible
• 2% communication access features
Residential Facilities
(233)
exceptions for:
• facilities with 15 or fewer units
(scoping can be applied to number of
units constructed under a single contract
even if on different sites)
• units for sale
(subject to DOJ’s ADA regulations or
HUD’s section 504 regulations)
Recreation Facilities
(234 - 243)
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amusement rides (234)
recreational boating facilities (235)
exercise machines (236)
fishing piers and platforms (237)
golf facilities (238)
miniature golf facilities (239)
play areas (240)
saunas and steam rooms (241)
swimming pools, wading pools, and spas (242)
shooting facilities with firing positions (243)
TECHNICAL CHAPTERS
(3 – 10)
Technical Chapters
3 – Building Blocks
4 – Accessible Routes
5 – General Site & Building Elements
6 – Plumbing Elements & Facilities
7 – Communication Elements & Features
8 – Special Rooms, Spaces & Elements
9 – Built-in Elements
10 – Recreation Facilities
Building Blocks
(Chapter 3)
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Floor or Ground Surfaces
Changes in Level
Turning Space
Clear Floor/ Ground Space
Knee & Toe Clearance
Protruding Objects
Reach Ranges
Operable Parts
Knee Space (306)
Toe Space (306)
Reach Ranges (308)
Max. Reach – 48”
Min. Reach – 15”
(forward & side)
Accessible Routes
(Chapter 4)
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Accessible Routes
Walking Surfaces
Doors, Doorways, Gates
Ramps
Curb Ramps
Elevators
Limited Use/ Limited Application Elevators
Private Residence Elevators
Platform Lifts
Walking Surfaces (403)
(Portions of accessible routes
that slope no more than 1:20)
• minimum separation (48”)
between reduced clear widths
• handrails along walking
surfaces req’d to comply
Doors, Doorways, & Gates (404)
Recessed doors addressed
Ramps (405)
• slope for level landings (1:48 max.)
• edge protection (clarified specs)
• exceptions for ramps in work areas
(width, handrails)
Curb Ramps (406)
Detectable Warnings – no requirement on
curb ramps
Rulemaking on public rights-of-way to
revisit issue
Elevators (407- 409)
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Standard Elevators
Destination-Oriented Elevators
Existing Elevators (alterations)
Limited Use/ Limited Application Elevators
Private Residence Elevators
Standard Elevators (407)
Car sizes – more
alternatives
designs providing
turning space
within car
recognized
Destination-Oriented Elevators (407)
• keypads
• car arrival signals
• identification of cars at
hoistway (tactile)
• car control location
• door and signal timing
• car position/ destination
indicators
LULA Elevators (408)
• required compliance with ASME A17.1
• alternate specs: doors, car size,
controls
• not subject to specs for door timing,
door delay, car position indicators
Private Residence Elevators (409)
• allowed only in
residential dwelling
units
• required compliance
with ASME A17.1
Platform Lifts (410)
• Industry standard: ASME A18.1
(1999 or 2003)
• low-energy, powered gates/doors
req’d (except on 2-stop lifts with
opposing gates/doors)
Means of Egress & Areas of
Rescue Assistance
• Technical requirements not included
• Scoping (207) references
technical requirements
in the IBC
General Site & Building
Elements (Chapter 5)
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Parking
Passenger Loading Zones
Stairways
Handrails
Parking (502)
• angled vans spaces (aisle on
passenger side)
• sign height (60” min.)
• marking of
access aisles
Van Spaces (502)
3’ of width can be provided within space
or aisle
Passenger Loading Zones (503)
• aisles - same level as pull-up space
• aisles to be marked
• no level changes
in space or aisle
Stairways (504)
• riser height (ANSI A117.1)
• riser slope
Handrails (505)
gripping surface – more detail, more options
criteria for circular & non-circular cross sections
Handrails (505)
• handrail/ surface clearance: 1 ½” min.
(not absolute)
• diameter: 1 ¼” – 2” (not 1 ½” max.)
• dimension applies to outer diameter
(clarification)
• removed: 12” min. extension at bottom
of stairs
Plumbing Elements &
Facilities (Chapter 6)
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Drinking Fountains
Toilet & Bathing Rooms
Water Closets & Toilet Compartments
Urinals
Lavatories & Sinks
Bathtubs
Shower Compartments
Grab Bars
Seats
Washing Machines & Clothes Dryers
Saunas & Steam Rooms
Drinking Fountains (602)
• forward approach - all wheelchair units
• revised specs for spout location &
water flow
• clear floor space to be “centered”
• height for standard units: 38”- 43”
Toilet Rooms & Water Closets (603 & 604)
• Range for toilet centerline
• lavatory cannot overlap
toilet clearance
(except in dwelling units)
Toilet Rooms & Water Closets (603 & 604)
• lavatory can be recessed
• shorter (24” min.) rear
grab bar allowed
Toilet & Bathing Rooms (603)
Space for
side
transfers
provided
Toilet & Bathing Rooms (603)
Door can swing
into fixture
clearances if clear
floor space
provided beyond
door swing
Toilet & Bathing Rooms (603)
Turning space
(which door can
swing into) and
door clearances
further define room
size
Water Closets (604)
Other changes/ clarifications:
• objects permitted to overlap clearance
(grab bars, dispensers, etc.)
• flush controls (standard reach range)
• toilet paper dispenser location
Water Closets (604)
revised location for toilet paper
dispenser
Wheelchair Compartments (604)
Standard Stall
60” min. wide
depth:
• 56” min. (wall hung toilet)
• 59” min. (floor-mounted
or children’s toilet)
Lavatories & Sinks (606)
• apron clearance (29”
min.) removed
• parallel approach kitchen sinks in spaces
without cook tops/
conventional ranges
• removable cabinetry sinks & lavs in dwelling
units (if certain
conditions met)
Bathtubs (607)
additional 12” clearance beyond
permanent seat
Shower Compartments (608)
Alternate design permitted in any facility
Grab Bars (609)
• wider diameter – 2” max. (instead of 1
½”)
• circular and non-circular cross sections
• (4” – 4.8” perimeter dimension; 2 ” max.
cross section dimension)
Grab Bars (609)
Grab Bars (609)
12” min. clearance above
1 ½” min. below
Seats (610)
More detail on:
•
•
•
•
Size
Shape
location in showers
removable tub seats
Washing Machines & Clothes
Dryers (611)
•
•
•
•
clear floor space (parallel approach)
operable parts
door height
front-loading, top-loading
Communication Elements
& Features (Chapter 7)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fire Alarm Systems
Signs
Telephones
Detectable Warnings
Assistive Listening Systems
ATMs & Fare Machines
Two-Way Communication Systems
Fire Alarm Systems (702)
NFPA 72
(1999 or 2002)
guidelines require
110 dB max.
Visual Alarms (702)
NFPA 72 covers:
• flash rate & pulse duration
• location - wall & ceiling
• minimum intensity
(based on coverage area)
• larger coverage thru fewer appliances
• many spaces (other than corridors) can
be covered by 1 appliance
• synchronization of multiple appliances
Signs (703)
• Raised characters
• Braille
• Visual characters
Raised Characters (703)
• sans serif
• character proportion, height,
spacing
• line spacing
• height (48” – 60”)
• placement at doors
Braille (703)
• dimensions specified (e.g., dot
height, base diameter)
• limited use of uppercase notation
• location below raised letters (3/8”
min. separation)
Tactile Signs
(703)
Visual Characters (703)
•
•
•
•
•
•
“conventional form”
character proportion, height, & spacing
location (40” min. height)
stroke thickness
line spacing
finish & contrast
(visual signs with raised characters & Braille
subject only to finish & contrast specs of 703)
Pictograms (703)
Telephones (704)
• volume control – to 20 dB
(12 dB intermediate step)
• automatic reset
TTYs – 34” min. height keyboard (in
use) except where seats provided
Detectable Warnings (705)
greater range of designs & products
allowed
• dome diameter (range)
• spacing (range)
• removed:
resiliency/ sound-on-cane contact
• color contrast doesn’t have to be integral
Assistive Listening Systems (706)
•
•
•
•
receiver jacks (1/8”)
hearing-aid compatible
receivers (neckloops)
new criteria from Board research
(sound pressure level, signal-to-noise
ratio, peak clipping level)
ATMs & Fare Machines (707)
Speech Output
• recorded or digitized human, or synthesized
• privacy
• output covered (instructions, visible
prompts, etc.)
• user control – repeat, interrupt, volume
control
• operable parts – differentiation by sound or
touch
Two-Way Communication
Systems (708)
• visual and audible signals
• handsets (cord length)
• systems serving dwelling units (TTY
connection)
Special Rooms, Spaces
& Elements (Chapter 8)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
assembly areas
dressing, fitting, and locker rooms
kitchens and kitchenettes
medical care and long-term care
transient lodging
prison cells
courtrooms
dwelling units
transportation facilities
storage
Wheelchair Spaces (802)
lines of sight over seated/ standing
spectators
Companion Seats (802)
• shoulder-to-shoulder
• same elevation
• size, quality, comfort, amenities =
to other seating in area
Dressing, Fitting, & Locker Rooms
(803)
• door swing into turning space (if wheelchair
space beyond swing)
• Benches (903)
Kitchens and Kitchenettes (804)
• clearances (pass through, U-shaped)
• work surfaces (residential)
• sinks (forward approach specified, but
exceptions provided in 606)
• storage
• appliances
Kitchens and Kitchenettes (804)
Appliances:
•
•
•
•
•
clearances/ operable parts
dishwashers
ranges and cooktops
ovens
refrigerators and freezers
Holding Cells & Housing Cells (807)
•
•
•
•
•
turning space
beds
benches
toilet/ bathing facilities
communication features
(alarms, telephones)
Courtrooms (808)
•
•
•
•
•
jury boxes
witness stands
judges’ benches
courtroom stations
turning space
Residential Dwelling Units (809)
•
•
•
•
accessible routes
kitchens
toilet & bathing facilities
communication features
provisions in other technical chapters
(e.g., adaptable grab bars, base cabinetry at
sinks in Ch. 6)
Transportation Facilities (810)
• bus boarding/
alighting areas
• bus shelters
• rail stations
• airports
Built-In Elements
(Chapter 9)
• Dining & Work Surfaces
• Benches
• Check-Out Aisles & Service Counters
Dining & Work Surfaces (902)
Knee & toe
clearances (306)
Benches (903)
• clear floor space (parallel to short axis)
• size (42” min. long, 20” – 24” deep)
Benches (903)
Back support new specifications
Sales & Service Counters (904)
• access – full depth of counter
• parallel or forward approach
• removed: alternatives to fully
accessible counter
• apply whether or not cash register
provided
• exception for alterations
• security glazing – voice communication
Recreation Facilities
(Chapter 10)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
amusement rides
recreational boating facilities
exercise machines
fishing piers and platforms
golf facilities
miniature golf facilities
play areas
swimming pools, wading pools, and spas
shooting facilities with firing positions
ADA-ABA Guidelines
1 – Application
2 – Scoping
3 – Building Blocks
4 – Accessible Routes
5 – General Site & Building Elements
6 – Plumbing Elements & Facilities
7 – Communication Elements & Features
8 – Special Rooms, Spaces & Elements
9 – Built-in Elements
10 – Recreation Facilities
When will the new
requirements take effect?
ADA:
• Adoption by DOJ and DOT as new
enforceable standard
• DOJ and DOT will set effective dates
• Until then, original ADA standards
to be followed
When will the new
requirements take effect?
ABA:
• Adoption by standard-setting agencies
(DOD, GSA, HUD, USPS)
• Agencies will set effective dates
• Until then, UFAS to be followed
(some agencies apply ADAAG as well)
Presenter
• L. Scott Lissner
• ADA Coordinator, The Ohio State University
• Associate, John Glenn School of Public Policy
• Lecturer, Moritz College of Law, Knowlton School Of
Architecture & Disability Studies at The Ohio State University
• Most recent publications
– Universal Design in the Institutional Setting: Weaving a
Philosophy into Campus Planning; 2006 NEA
– From Legal Principles TO Informed Practice J.E. Jarrow &
L.S. Lissner; 2005 AHEAD
• BA, Rutgers Univ.; MA, Hunter College; ABD UVA
• Lissner.2@osu.edu