Notes
Welcome to
CATS
“There are two types of speakers:
those that are nervous
and those that are liars.”
- Mark Twain
Taking Chances
 “If you’re never scared or embarrassed or hurt, it
means you never take any chances.”
- Julia Sorel, Author
“If you’re not failing every once in a while, you’re
living life too cautiously.”
- The Natural Speaker on p. 20
What is a Public Speaker?
 A person who prepares and delivers a presentation
to a group that listens, generally without
interrupting the flow of ideas.
Examples of Public Speaking
 Camp Counselor telling stories to kids
 Kayak Instructor teaching beginners
 Wedding Toast
 Announcements
 Reports
 Presentation in class
 Show and Tell
 Job Interview
 Client Presentation
 Family Gatherings
What Will We Learn?
 Planning Speeches
 Presenting Speeches
 Evaluating Speeches
 Managing Anxiety
You Won’t Pass Out
It’s Okay: Everyone is Afraid
We Will
 Act as a team.
 Build a learning community.
 Deliver speeches extemporaneously.
 Work from an outline, not a verbatim script.
 Use emotion.
We Will
 Talk about subjects we care about.
 Learn how to critique our speeches and other people’s
speeches effectively.
 Enjoy the experience.
 Learn a set of procedures for preparing a speech and set of
skills for delivering a speech that we can use in any public
speaking situation.
 Enjoy the experience.
We Won’t
 Stand at a podium.
 Make boring presentations.
 Pass out during a speech.
 Write a script out in advance.
 Talk about subjects we don’t care about.
Strengths and AFI’s
 Strengths: these are areas that you did well in
a speech. It doesn’t mean they’re perfect. There is
always room for growth.
 Areas For Improvement: we won’t use the word
“weakness” in this class. Public speakers are
always evolving. There is no such thing as a
“perfect” speech.
Why Does Public Speaking Matter?
 98% of personnel interviewers identified both
verbal and written communication skills as
significant factors in hiring decisions.
What are the Symptoms of
Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA)?
 Sweat
 Upset Stomach
 Stutter
 Hands shake
 Blotchiness
 Cotton Mouth
 Speech rate increases
What Can I Do about PSA?
Proper attitude
Experience
Preparation
Body Movement
Proper breathing
What Can I Do about PSA?
 Concentrate
 Audience won’t notice all your
symptoms
 Audience wants you to succeed
 Audience Analysis
 Visualization
Introductions
1.
2.
Grab the audience’s attention
Preview the speech
Conclusions
 Summarize the speech
 Leave the audience with
something memorable.
Extemporaneous Style
 Should feel like a conversation.
 You will work from an outline.
 No memorized texts allowed.
 Keep your eyes focused on the audience most of
time, simply glancing down at their outline when
necessary.
 Best speaking style for most public speaking
situations.
What Makes an
Effective Speech?
Two Major Audience Questions
1. Why should they care about this topic?
2. Why should they believe you about this topic?
What Non-Verbal Elements Make an
Effective Speech?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Posture
Body Movement
Gestures & Facial Expressions
Eye Contact
Pacing
Voice Projection
Enunciation & Pronunciation
Inflection
Enthusiasm & Animation
Rehearsal
Confidence
Posture
 An upright posture is important for credibility, and for
putting your body in the best position to project your
voice and gesture effectively.
Body Movement
 Adds emphasis and enhances meanings.
 Engages the audience by increasing the visual
elements of the speech.
 Helps guard against ineffective listening.
Gestures and Facial Expressions
 Enhances and emphasizes meanings in your speech.
Pacing
 Rapid pacing makes it difficult for the audience to
absorb the material in your speech.
Eye Contact
 Builds trust and credibility with the audience.
Voice Projection
 You need to be heard throughout the room.
Enunciation and Pronunciation
 Speaking clearly and saying the word in the proper
way.
Inflection
 The emphasis you place on words.
 Where you pause.
 Where you take a breath.
Enthusiasm and Animation
 Enthusiasm helps engage the audience.
 If you don’t care, why should the audience.
Humor
 Engages the audience, and tends to relax the speaker.
Rehearsal
 Enough that you know the material and movements
the day you deliver the speech.
 Not so much that it begins to sound memorized and
programmed.
Outlines



Major ideas and their relationship to one
another.
Written in full sentences or phrases with a
heading, indentation, coordination, and
subordination.
Software programs have formatting
features or style tools that automatically
format outlines .
The Outline
 Instead of writing out the entire speech word for word
 A brief organization of the main thoughts of a speech.
 Allows the speaker to speak from the heart and present
a conversational way.
Coordination – points are arranged
into various levels
I. Major point
A.First-level supporting point
Points on
a specific
level have
the same
value
or weight
1. Second-level supporting point
2. Second-level supporting point
a. Third-level supporting point
b. Third-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
II. Major point
A. First-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
Indentation – formatting by spacing
inward various levels of points
I. Major point
A. First-level supporting point
Alternate
letters and
numbers
1. Second-level supporting point
2. Second-level supporting point
a. Third-level supporting point
b. Third-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
II. Major point
A. First-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
Subordination
Placement of supporting points under major points
I. Major point
A. First-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
II. Major point
A. First-level supporting point
B. First-level supporting point
Outlines have 3 Basic Parts
 Introduction: includes attention getter and preview
 Body: 75-80% of your speaking time and outline
 Conclusion: sum up and leave them with something
memorable
 These will start fairly simply and get more complicated as
the speeches get longer and more complex
Note Cards
 Key words and phrases.
 For example, Story about Monks
 Key word approach helps jar your memory.
Creating Speaking Note Cards
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Write legibly – print or type key words.
Number your cards.
Write on only one side of each card.
Delete nonessential words.
Use five or six lines per card.
Highlight important ideas.
Practice in front of another person—your most
critical friend.
Use cards unobtrusively.
8 Attention Getters
 Audience Question
 Amusing Anecdote
 Startling Statement
 Startling Statistic
 Hypothetical Situation
 Quotation
 Joke
 Paint a Picture