The Resting Arm…
by Vinod More
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.
03.January.2014 Friday
UPPER LIMB
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%
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Radius
Ulna
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Wrist
Carpals
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5
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UPPER LIMB
Efficiency of hand function
ability to place it in the proper position by movements
at the
upper limb joints
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UPPER LIMB
associated with
lateral aspect of the lower portion of the neck
thoracic wall
Suspended from the trunk by
muscles & a small skeletal articulation
between clavicle & sternum: sternoclavicular joint
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Shoulder
proximal segment of the limb
overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck
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Pectoral (shoulder) gırdle
bony ring,
posteriorly formed by the scapulae and clavicles
anteriorly by formed by the manubrium of the sternum
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ARM -BRACHIUM
First segment of the free upper limb & longest segment of the limb
Between shoulder and elbow
Anterior & posterior segments of the arm around the humerus
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Forearm-AntebrachIum
Second longest segment of the limb
Between elbow wrist &
Includes anterior & posterior regions overlying the radius and ulna
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Hand-manus
part of the upper limb distal to the forearm
formed around the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges.
composed of the wrist, palm, dorsum of hand, and digits
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BONES OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE
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CLAVICLE
the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb
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CLAVICLE
the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb
palpable along its entire length
S-shaped contour
forward-facing convex part medial
forward-facing concave part lateral
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CLAVICLE
medial sternal end
articulates with manubrium
sternoclavicular joint
lateral end acromial end
articulates with acromion of scapula
acromioclavicular joint
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CLAVICLE
Inferior surface-near the acromial end
conoid tubercle –medial part oftrapezoid line –lateral part ofcoracoclavicular ligament
Medial 1/3 of the clavicle’s shaft
subclavian groove – subclavius muscle
More medially
impression for the costoclavicular ligament
binding 1st rib to clavicle
Limiting elevation of the shoulder
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Functions of the Clavicle
A moveable, rigid support
limb has maximum freedom of motion.
A boundary of the cervico-axillary canal (passageway between
the neck and the arm), protection to the neurovascular bundle
supplying the upper limb.
Transmits shocks from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
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SCAPULA
large, flat triangular bone
lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax
between 2nd-7th ribs
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SCAPULA
Anterior view
three angles
lateral, superior, and inferior
three borders
superior, lateral, and medial
two surfaces
costal and posterior
three processes
Acromion
Spine
Coracoid process
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SCAPULA
Posterior view
Acromion
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Spine of scapula
Suprascapular notch
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SCAPULA
Lateral view
Glenoid cavity
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle
Acromion
Coracoid process
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BONE OF THE ARM
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HUMERUS
the largest bone in the upper limb
articulates w/
Scapula
Glenohumeral (Shoulder) joint
Radius & Ulna
elbow joint
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HUMERUS
In cross-section, shaft triangular with:
anterior, lateral, & medial
borders
anterolateral, anteromedial, posterior
surfaces
Intermuscular septa
attach to medial & lateral borders.
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HUMERUS
proximal end
Head
Neck
-Anatomical neck
-Surgical neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular
groove
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HUMERUS
shaft
Deltoid tuberosity
Medialandlateralsupraepicondylar(supracondylar)ridges
Radial groove
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HUMERUS
distal end
Posterior view
Anterior view
Radial fossa
Coronoid fossa
Trochlea
Medial epicondyle
Olecranon
fossa
Capitilum
Lateral epicondyle
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BONES OF THE FOREARM
medial and longer of the two forearm bones
MORE IMAGES
99-103
lateral and shorter of the two forearm bones
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ULNA
proximal end
articulation with
humerus proximally
head of the radius laterally
For articulation with the humerus
1) Olecranon
Trochlear notch Semilunar notch
2) Coronoid process
Radial notch
Tuberosity of ulna
@ the lateral surface
Inferior to coronoid process
articulation with head of radius
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ULNA
shaft
Broad superiorly, continuous with large proximal end
Narrow distally to form a small distal head
triangular in cross-section and has:
three borders anterior, posterior, and interosseous
three surfaces anterior, posterior, and medial
Supinator crest
Inferior to radial notch @ lateral surface
Supinator fossa
On the lateral surface, under the radial notch
Supinator muscle
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ULNA
distal end
Ulna does not reach and participate to
the radiocarpal (wrist) joint!
Head of the ulna
Ulnar styloid process
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RADIUS
proximal end & shaft
A short head
Neck
Radial tuberosity
Oblique line
The shaft of the radius
in contrast to that of the ulna
gradually enlarges
triangular in cross-section, with:
three borders
anterior, posterior, and interosseous
three surfaces
anterior, posterior, and lateral
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RADIUS
distal end
Dorsal tubercle of the radius
Radial styloid process
Ulnar notch
SHAFT
triangular in cross-section, with:
three borders
anterior, posterior, and interosseous
three surfaces
anterior, posterior, and lateral
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BONES OF THE HAND
MORE IMAGES
104--108
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BONES OF THE HAND
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BONES OF THE HAND
Distal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial
Trapezium
Table
Trapezoid
(Little)Head
Capitate
On a Hook
Hamate
Proximal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
I am sailing with my little boat on a summer night
The moon is crescent
I am filling my three-cornered hat with beas falling off the sky
BONES OF THE HAND
Distal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial
Trapezium ToToCu Hasan
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Proximal row of carpal bones
lateral to medial
Scaphoid
Lunate
SeLoTyP
Triquetrum
Pisiform
She Looks Too Pretty; Try To Catch Her
BONES OF THE HAND
Carpal arch
The carpal bones do not
lie in a flat plane; rather,
they form an arch, whose
base is directed anteriorly.
head
base
lateral side of this base
formed by tubercles of the
scaphoid and trapezium.
medial side
formed by pisiform & hook of
hamate.
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