6th Grade Science
Science in Our World
Chapter 1 Section 1
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Introduction
Chapter 1: Science In Our World
Section 1: Science and Scientist
Section 2: Scientific Method
Section 3: Scientific Models
Section 4: Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Chapter 1 Section 1
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Science and Scientist
What Do You Think?
What is Science?
Chapter 1 Section 1
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Science and Scientist
Mission Possible?
1. Examine an index card.
2. Your mission is to fit yourself through the
card.
3. Brainstorm with your partner on ways to
complete your task.
4. Try some ideas to see if they work.
Chapter 1 Section 1
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
See speaker notes for lab.
Science and Scientists
Science is a process of gathering
knowledge about the natural
world.
Science starts with a question
and uses several methods to find
the answer.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Science and Scientist
After you ask a
question, how do
you begin to
investigate?
– Research
– Observation
– Experimentation
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Science and Scientist
Why ask questions?
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Science and Scientist
Click on the following link to create a
Famous Scientist Wanted Poster
Chapter 1 Section 1
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Pre-AP Extension
Pre-AP: Have students write a one
page report on what they want to be
when they grow up and explain how
science is a part of their job.
Present report to the class.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
1. What is Science?
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Answer
Science is a process of gathering
knowledge about the natural
world.
Science starts with a question
and uses several methods to find
the answer.
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Let’s Review
2. What are three methods of
investigation?
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Answer
–Research
–Observation
–Experimentation
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Let’s Review
3. What are some benefits of
science in the world around
you?
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Answer
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Let’s Review
4. What are some jobs that
use science?
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Answer
Environmental Scientist
Cartographer
Engineer
Accept any reasonable answer.
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Scientific Method
Chapter 1 Section 2
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How Can Matter Be Measured and
Scientific Method
Compared?
What Do You Think?
How can paleontologists know what a
dinosaur looked liked, how it behaved, and
what it ate based only on its fossilized
remains?
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Scientific methods are the ways
in which scientists answer
questions and solve problems.
Scientist may use all the steps or
some of the steps in an
investigation.
Chapter 1 Section 2
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Chapter 1 Section 2
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Cite:http://is.asu.edu/plb108/course/scimeth/media/scisteps.jpg
Scientific Method
Scientist tend to ask a question after
making observations.
An observation is any use of the
senses to gather information.
Observation can be made throughout
the experiment.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
When scientist what
to investigate a
question, they form a
hypothesis.
Hypothesis is a
possible explanation
or answer to a
question- educated
guess.
Chapter 1 Section 2
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Cite: http://www.mountainlake.k12.mn.us/staff/jhaberman/Sciencefair/Hypothesis.JPG
Scientific Method
After a hypothesis is form, scientist
must test their hypothesis.
Data are any pieces of information
gathered through experimentation.
Data can tell scientist if the hypothesis
is valid or not.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Once data has been collected,
scientist must analyze their data.
Analyzing results help scientist
construct reasonable
explanations based on evidence
they collected.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Do the results support
the hypothesis?
Scientists study the
results to see if their
hypothesis is right or
wrong.
They may repeat the
investigation or ask
new questions and
form a new
hypothesis.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Scientist share
their results by
writing reports in
journals, giving
lectures or by
way of the
internet.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
See speaker notes for Core Lab
Scientific Method
Click Here
Let us review the steps to the scientific
method before conducting an experiment.
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Pre-AP Extension
The scientific method is a systematic
approach to problem solving. Explore the
scientific method and learn about controls
and variables in an experiment. Use the
Experimental Design lab write up to
conduct a lab.
Chapter 1 Section 2
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
See speaker notes for lab.
Let’s Review
1. What are some of the steps in the
scientific method?
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Answer
Ask a question
Make observations
Form a hypothesis
Test hypothesis
Collect Data
Analyze Data
Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Results
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Let’s Review
2. Why is a hypothesis sometimes
called an educated guess?
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Answer
A hypothesis is a possible solution
based on previous knowledge, so
it is an educated guess.
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Let’s Review
3. What options does a scientist
have if the results of an
experiment do not support a
hypothesis?
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Answer
A scientist could repeat the
investigation to check for errors or
could ask new questions and form
a new hypothesis.
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Scientific Models
Cite: http://www.graphic.org/concept.html
Chapter 1 Section 3
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What Are
Three States
of Matter?
Scientific
Models
What Do You Think?
How is an airplane flight simulator
a kind of model?
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Models are representations of objects or
systems.
Models can be used for:
– Understanding something
– Predicting
– Picturing things in your mind
– Explain scientific theories
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Physical
Models look
like the object
they model.
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Scientific Models
Mathematical
models are
made up of
mathematical
equations and
data.
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Cite: http://www.ncver.edu.au/statistics/vet/ann98/glance98/pix/graph3.gif
Scientific Models
Conceptual
models are
systems of
ideas.
Chapter 1 Section 3
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Cite: http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/edu/ea/d300/engaged_learning/water_concept_map.jpg
Scientific Models
Limitation of Models: they
don’t act exactly like the
things they model or they
may not look like the things
they represent.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
A theory is a
unifying
explanation for a
broad range of
hypotheses and
observations that
have been
supported by
testing.
Chapter 1 Section 3
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Cite: http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/astro1/slideshows/class41/007-impact_theory.jpg
Scientific Models
Laws are a
summary of
many
experimental
results and
observations.
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Activity
Give each student a piece of paper. Ask
the students to use the paper to make a
paper airplane that can fly. Conduct trails
to see whose airplane can fly the farthest,
whose can make the most turns before
falling, and whose can stay in the air the
longest.
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Let’s Review
1. How are models used to represent the
natural world?
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Answer
Models are used to represent the natural
world through the use of familiar objects or
ideas to stand for other things.
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Let’s Review
2. What are two limitations of models?
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Answer
Limitation of Models: they don’t
act exactly like the things they
model or they may not look like
the things they represent.
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Let’s Review
3. What is the difference between a
scientific theory and a scientific law?
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Answer
Theories are unifying explanations for broad
range of hypotheses and observations.
Laws are summaries of experimental
results and observations.
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Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
How Can Matter Be Measured and
Tools, Measurement,
and
Safety
Compared?
What Do You Think?
What could you study using a telescope?
Or a microscope?
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
The compound
microscope is
made of 4 main
parts:
– Objective lens
– Light
– Stage
– Ocular Lens
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Cite:http://www.etacuisenaire.com/Assets/Images/compound_microscope.jpg
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Tools for measuring:
Stopwatches, meter sticks, and
balances are used to take
measurements.
Thermometers, spring scales
and graduated cylinders are
also helpful.
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Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Calculators and computers
are great to analyze data.
Pencils and graph paper are
great to graph your data.
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Tools, Measurement, and Safety
The metric system is called the
International System of Units (SI).
The advantage to using the SI system
is that they help all scientists share
and compare their observations.
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Another advantage to using the metric
system is the system is based off the
number 10. This make changing from
one unit to another easier.
Cite: http://www.essex1.com/people/speer/metric.html
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Meter is the basic SI unit of length.
To describe the length of a large
objects, kilometer is used. To
describe the length of a microscopic
object, nanometer is used.
Click here to practice measuring
using the metric system
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Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Area is a measure of how much surface
an object has. Area is based on two
measurements: Length X Width.
•Cite: http://www.ex.ac.uk/cimt/mepres/book7/bk7i9/bk7_9i2.htm
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Volume is the amount of space that
something occupies or the amount of space
that something contains. Liter is the basic unit
of measurement for volume.
Cite: http://www.indigo.com/glass/gphglass/glass-chemistry-beaker.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Mass is the amount of matter that
something is made of. The kilogram
is the basic unit for mass.
Cite: http://mws.mcallen.isd.tenet.edu/mchi/ipc/ch01htm/images01/scale.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Temperature is a
measurement of how
hot or cold something
is. Temperature can
be measured in
Celsius or Kelvin. ( C
or K)
Kelvin is the basic SI
unit for temperature.
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
See speaker notes for Core Lab
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Cite: http://www.bsu.edu/web/debonn/imageULO.JPG
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Review lab safety rules
Click here
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Let’s Review
1. What tool could you use to determine
who is the fastest swimmer in your class?
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Answer
Stopwatch
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Let’s Review
2. What is the importance of the
International System of Units in science?
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
The International System of Units
helps all scientists share and compare
their observations.
Also, since the metric system is based
on the number 10,
this make changing from one unit to
another easier.
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Let’s Review
3. What is the area of a garden that is 12 m
long and 8 m wide?
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Answer
12 m x 8 m = 96 m2
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Let’s Review
Make lab safety
flashcards to
review lab
rules.
Chapter 1 Section 4
Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD