Questions to examine…
•Why has the Earth’s population grown so fast?
•How does population affect the planet and our
communities?
•What is “culture” and what parts of our lives make up
our culture?
•What types of government exist in the world today?
Day 1 – Earth’s Population
 500 AD – 190 million people on Earth
 1000 – 265 million people on Earth
 1500 – 425 million people on Earth
 1800 – 860 million people on Earth
 1900 – 1.7 billion people on Earth
 2000 – 7 billion people
 2050 – 9 million people?
Population
Population- the total number of people in a given area
Population influences…
Population
Population has a huge impact on our lives! It is an
important part of geography.
Geographers study population to understand….
 How many people live in an area
 Why people live where they do
 How populations change over time
Examining Statistics
3 key things to learn about population
changes:
1. Birth rate
2. Death rate
3. Rate of natural increase +/-
Birthrate
Birthrate- the annual number of births per 1,000
people.
(US birth rate in 2013?
13.66 births/1,000 women)
-Highest birth rates:
Africa – Niger, Mali,
Burkina Faso
(Approx. 50 births/1,000)
Death rate
Death rate is the exact opposite of birthrate.
-Annual number of deaths per 1,000 people
Highest –South Africa – 17.3 deaths/1,000
(US- about 8.3 deaths/1,000 people)
Natural Increase Formula
Birthrate – Deathrate = Percentage of
Natural Increase
(US = .5%)
(Niger = 3.6%)
http://www.prb.org/DataFinder/Topic/Map.aspx?ind=16&fm
t=16&tf=3&loc=249,250,251,252,253,254,34227,255,257,258,25
9,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,274,
275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,28
9,290,291,292,294,295
Population Density
Population density- A measure of the number of people
living in an area.
Formula for Population Density: Total Population
Total Land Area ( sq.miles)
Population Density
Population density is measured in people per square
mile or square kilometer.
- More dense = more people = more heavily
populated
-
Where do you think the most
densely populated area in the
world is?
Population Density
East China is the most densely populated area in the
world
Day 2 - Population
Population Change
Why would the study of population be
important?
Studying population is important because it
affects housing, jobs, hospitals, schools,
food
Population Density
Population density is measured in people per square
mile or square kilometer.
- More dense = more people = more heavily
populated
Population Density
 Japan (High Population Density)
880 people per square mile
 Mongolia (Low Population Density)
5 people per square mile
Why Might an Area Not be Very Populated?
Some areas aren’t very populated because… conditions
are not favorable for living!
Example:
Greenland
Parts of far North America
Northern Asia
Australia
What do you think the population density is of the US?
Find the Population Density of…
The population density of the USA is 84 people/sq.mile
 1. Australia
 Population = 20,264,082
 Land Area = 2,941,283
 2. Taiwan
 Population = 23,036,087
 Land Area = 12,456
 3. Rwanda
 Population = 8,648,248
 Land Area = 9,633
Find the Population Density of…
The population density of the USA is 84 people/sq.mile
 1. Australia
 Population = 20,264,082
6.88 people/sq. mile
 Land Area = 2,941,283
 2. Taiwan
 Population = 23,036,087
 Land Area = 12,456
 3. Rwanda
 Population = 8,648,248
 Land Area = 9,633
1849.39 people/sq. mile
897.77 people/sq. mile
People Explosion
 Why has Earth’s population exploded in the last 2oo
years?
 Better health care/medicine
 Better sanitation
 Better food production
 Current Trend = growth
in developing nations
Population Changes Through…
1. Births
2. Deaths
3. Migration – people moving from one area to
another
 Many people who migrate are refugees – people
fleeing violence, warfare, or persecution
 Ex. – North Africans crossing Mediterranean
- Syrians leaving Syria
- Rohinga Muslims fleeing Myanmar
More people = More problems
 Higher demand for energy
 Higher demand for water and food
 Higher demand for goods (cars, TVs, phones)
 Higher amount of pollution
 Lack of jobs
 Higher amount of poverty
 Higher amount of crime
 Over-crowding
 Disease spreads more easily
Day 3 - Culture
Culture
Set of beliefs, values, and
practices that a group of
people has in common
Culture includes many different aspects
of life…
Food
Language
Clothes
Music
Religion
Arts/Sports
What is American teenage
culture?
Cultural Trait
An activity or behavior in which people often take
part
Local
Global
Culture Region
Culture Region- an area in which people have many
shared culture traits (religion, language, lifestyle)
Are there cultural regions in the
United States?
Culture Regions in the US
- Hawaii
- The South
- Rural America
- Urban America
- The Northeast
- California
- Southwest
Cultural Diversity
Ethnic group –a group of people who share a common
culture and ancestry
Cultural diversity- the state of having a variety of
cultures in the same area
Cultures with many different ethnic
groups are culturally diverse.
(this is the US!)
Cultural Diversity
Diversity can sometimes lead to conflict…
-Rwanda: 1990s, Hutus & Tutsis
-Yugoslavia: 1990s, Bosnians & Serbs
-Syria: now, Sunni & Shi’a Muslims
Cultures change constantly
Two key causes:
Innovation/Technology
(cell phones, internet, TV, cars )
Contact with other people
(Europeans get chocolate, tomatoes, and
potatoes from the New World/Native Americans
get coffee, horses, and pigs from Europe)
Cultural Diffusion- the spread of culture traits from
one region to another
Day 4 – Types of Government
Democracy
Democracy-a form of government in which
the power is held by the people elect leaders
and rule by majority
Representative Democracy – the people
elect leaders to create, vote, and carry out
laws
Ex.: The United States
Absolute Monarchy
1. Ruled by a king or
queen
2. You are born into
power (usually the
next king or queen
is the child of the
king or queen)
3. People have little say
in their goverment
Ex.: King Salman of
Saudi Arabia
Constitutional Monarchy
1) King or queen is head
of state, but very little
power
2) Most have some sort of
constitution
3) Most have an elected
prime minister who is
the real head of govt.
Ex.: Queen Elizabeth II of
Great Britain
Ex.: Cuba and China
Communism
1. Leaders are not
elected by citizensare elected by a
party
2. Government
controls economy
and daily life
3. People have very
little freedom
Dictatorship
1. Single powerful
leader
2. Leader rules by
force
3. People do not have
freedom and have
no say in
government-lack
of human rights
Ex.: Kim Jong-Un of North
Korea
Anarchy
 Anarchy means there is no government
 Usually because previous government failed
 Rival groups will usually fight for power, very brief
Day 5 – Economies of the World
Resources: Meeting our Needs & Wants
3 Types of Resources:
 Natural Resources- resources from Earth
 Human Resources- labor, skills, talents of people
 Energy Resources- supplies that provide power to do
work
There is a limited supply & unlimited demand for resources!!
Economy – system that determines ownership &
distribution of resources
Economies
3 Types:
 Traditional = people grow their own food and make their
own goods (ex. Native Americans pre-Europeans)
 Market (most common) = based on private ownership,
free trade, and competition, prices set by supply and
demand (ex. USA/Canada/Germany)
 Command = central government makes all economic
decisions (ex. Cuba)
 Mixed = part government and private (ex. China)
Trade
 Trade – the business of buying, selling, or bartering
 Export – sell/send a product to another country
 Import – buying a product from another country
Ex.: the USA imports oil from Nigeria
the USA exports chicken to China
 Tariff – a tax added to the cost of a product, which is used
to encourage people to buy goods made in their own
country
What might be advantages and disadvantages to trading?
Interdependence
Interdependence- a relationship between
countries in which they rely on one another for
resources, goods, or services
Examples
-Bananas from Ecuador
-Tomatoes from Mexico
Global Trade Organizations
 WTO- World Trade Organization
 IMF- International Monetary Fund
 World Bank
 NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement
 EU- European Union
 ASEAN- Association of Southeast Asian Nations
 TPP- Trans-Pacific Partnership Free Trade Agreement
Globalization
Globalization- the process in which countries are
increasingly linked to each other through culture
and trade
Day 6 – How are Economies
measured?
Developed Countries
 Industrialized
 High literacy rates
 Access to medical care
 Jobs are available
 Longer life span
 Higher income
 Smaller families
 Ex. = USA, Germany, Japan,
South Korea, Australia
Developing Countries
 Agricultural
 More illiteracy
 Difficulty getting access to medical care
 Lack of jobs
 Shorter life span
 Poverty
 Larger Families
 Ex. = Rwanda, Mali, Laos, Pakistan,
Kenya, Cuba
Development in the world today…
Standard of Living
 Standard of Living – the level at which a nation
lives as measured by the extent to which its needs
are met
(Food, shelter, clothing, education, medical care)
 Citizens of a “developed” country have a higher
standard of living
 Citizens of a “developing” country have a lower
standard of living
What is GDP?
 GDP = Gross Domestic Product
 used to measure the economy
 value of all goods & services produced within a
country in a single year
-Developed countries (USA/Germany)- have a
high GDP. (about $17,000,000,000,000 in 2012)
-Developing countries (Afghanistan)- have a
lower GDP. (2/3 of world are “developing
countries”)