Bio122: Fall 2015 Lecture 2 Outline & Study Questions
Outline (use this as a basis to be sure you understand each section)
I. Physical Environment
A. Re-cap: Biomes result from climate (Temperature & water levels)
B. Chemical Environment (Ch2:44-48)
1. Salinity
2. pH
3. Gases – Oxygen
C. Physiological ecology (coping with environmental stressors) (Ch 4)
1. ecological success
2. acclimatization
3. adaptation
4. ecotypes
5. trade-offs
D. Temperature variation
1. Temperature impacts on physiological activity
a. metabolic rates (in-class activity)
b. lipid bi-layer function
2. Temperature regulation by plants
a. Energy inputs/losses
i.
radiation
ii.
conduction & convection
iii.
evapotranspiration
b. Plant Adaptations to temperature
i.
Stomate opening regulation
ii.
Reflective properties – pubescence
iii.
Leaf orientation
iv.
Surface roughness – modify boundary layer
3. Temperature regulation by animals
a. Ectotherms vs. Endotherms
b. Surface area: volume ratio
c. Activity level
d. Metabolic compounds
E. Water variation
1. Water potential – sum of:
a. Gravitational potential
b. osmotic potential
c. pressure potential
d. matric potential
2. Osmotic regulation
a. Regulation of solutes
i.
sharks
ii.
Dunaliela algae
b. Extract salts
i.
marine birds & reptiles
ii.
mangroves
c. control input/output (freshwater vs. saltwater fish)
Study Questions: Lecture 2
1. Describe briefly how each of salinity, pH, and oxygen levels impact organisms
2.
3.
4.
5.
Differentiate between acclimatization & adaptation
Define ecological success.
Define trade-off and provide an example.
Describe the basic structure of cell & organelle membranes and state how
temperature affects them.
6. How does temperature affect metabolic rates?
7. Define: radiation, conduction, convection.
8. List & briefly describe 4 adaptations of plants to assist in temperature regulation.
9. Define: ectotherm, endotherm
10. How does surface to volume ratio impact temperature regulation in organisms?
11. List 3 adaptations of animals to assist in temperature regulation.
12. Define water potential, include the definition of each of its components (matric,
pressue, osmotic)
13. Define osmosis and describe how it impacts cells.
14. List & briefly describe 3 different osmoregulation techniques, providing an
example of an organism for each one.