UNICORE and the DEISA
supercomputing grid
Jules Wolfrat
wolfrat@sara.nl
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
Outline
•
•
•
•
DEISA overview
UNICORE history
UNICORE architecture
Demo?
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
2
THE DEISA SUPERCOMPUTING GRID
AIX distributed
super-cluster
Vector systems
(NEC, …)
Linux systems
(SGI, IBM, …)
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
3
DEISA objectives
•
To enable Europe’s terascale science by the integration of Europe’s most
powerful supercomputing systems.
•
Enabling scientific discovery across a broad spectrum of science and
technology is the only criterion for success
•
DEISA is an European Supercomputing Service built on top of existing
national services. This service is based on the deployment and operation of a
persistent, production quality, distributed supercomputing environment with
continental scope.
•
The integration of national facilities and services, together with innovative
operational models, is expected to add substantial value to existing
infrastructures.
•
Main focus is High Performance Computing (HPC).
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
4
Participating Sites
BSC
Barcelona Supercomputing Centre
Spain
CINECA
Consortio Interuniversitario per il Calcolo Automatico
Italy
CSC
Finnish Information Technology Centre for Science
Finland
EPCC/HPCx University of Edinburgh and CCLRC
UK
ECMWF
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast
UK (int)
FZJ
Research Centre Juelich
Germany
HLRS
High Performance Computing Centre Stuttgart
Germany
IDRIS
Institut du Développement et des Ressources
France
en Informatique Scientifique - CNRS
LRZ
Leibniz Rechenzentrum Munich
Germany
RZG
Rechenzentrum Garching of the Max Planck Society
Germany
SARA
Dutch National High Performance Computing
The Netherlands
and Networking centre
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
5
The DEISA supercomputing environment
(21.900 processors and 145 Tf in 2006, more than 190 Tf in 2007)
•
IBM AIX Super-cluster
–
FZJ-Julich, 1312 processors, 8,9 teraflops peak
–
RZG – Garching, 748 processors, 3,8 teraflops peak
–
IDRIS, 1024 processors, 6.7 teraflops peak
–
CINECA, 512 processors, 2,6 teraflops peak
–
CSC, 512 processors, 2,6 teraflops peak
–
ECMWF, 2 systems of 2276 processors each, 33 teraflops peak
–
HPCx, 1536 processors, 11 teraflops peak
•
BSC, IBM PowerPC Linux system (MareNostrum) 4864 processeurs, 40
teraflops peak
•
SARA, SGI ALTIX Linux system, 416 processors, 2,2 teraflops peak
•
LRZ, Linux cluster (2.7 teraflops) moving to SGI ALTIX system (5120
processors and 33 teraflops peak in 2006, 70 teraflops peak in 2007)
•
HLRS, NEC SX8 vector system, 576 processors, 12,7 teraflops peak.
•
Systems interconnected with dedicated 1Gb/s network –
currently upgrading to 10 Gb/s – provided by GEANT and NRENs
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
6
The technology cycle
Technology pull
Service definitions
Technology specifications
Technology providers
R&D projects
Technology watch
DEISA strategic and
technologic management
WAN GPFS (IBM)
Multi-cluster batch processing (IBM)
GPFS for non-IBM systems (IBM)
Co-scheduling (Platform)
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
completed
completed
ongoing
in preparation
7
How is DEISA enhancing HPC services in
Europe?
•
Running larger parallel applications in individual sites, by a cooperative
reorganization of the global computational workload on the whole
infrastructure, or by the operation of the job migration service inside the
AIX super-cluster.
•
Enabling workflow applications with UNICORE (complex applicaions that
are pipelined over several computing platforms)
•
Enabling coupled multiphysics Grid applications (when it makes sense)
•
Providing a global data management service whose primordial objectives
are:
–
–
–
•
Integrating distributed data with distributed computing platforms
Enabling efficient, high performance access to remote datasets (with Global
File Systems and striped GridFTP). We believe that this service is critical for
the operation of (possible) future European petascale systems
Integrating hierarchical storage management and databases in the
supercomputing Grid.
Deploying portals as a way to hide complex environments to new users
Amsterdam,communities,
28 June 2006 and DEISA
UNICORE tutorial
8
to interoperate
with another existing grid
infrastructures.
Basic Services: Global File Systems
network
nodes
Disk space
HPC system at site A
Global file system
Sophisticated software environment,
necessary to provide single system
image if a clustered computing
platform.
They provide global data management.
Data in the GFS is “symmetric” with
respect to all computing nodes.
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
9
The DEISA integration concept
Site A
Network interconnect
(Reserved bandwidth)
Site C
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
Site B
Global distributed GPFS file system
with continental scope.
Global resource pool is dynamic: nodes
can enter and leave the pool without
Disrupting the national services.
Site D
10
DEISA Global File System integration in 2006
(based on IBM’s GPFS)
AIX IBM domain
Linux SGI
IDRIS (FR)
ECMWF (UK)
SARA (NL)
RZG (DE)
HPC Common Global File System
CSC (FI)
High
Performance
Common
Global File
System
similar
architectures
/ operation
systems
various architectures / operating systems
High bandwidth (10 Gbit/s)
High bandwidth (up to 10 Gbit/s)
LRZ
LRZ
(DE)
(DE)
BSC (ES)
CINECA (IT)
FZJ (DE)
LINUX Power-PC
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
11
Demonstration
SARA (NL)
Global File
System
)
BSC (ES)
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
RZG
(G)
Demonstration of a transparent dat
access in a heterogeneous
configuration
(1) A 64 processor job is running
at SARA (SGI Altix system)
(2) The input data for this run are read
from the Linux GPFS at SARA
(3) The output data will be written into
the BSC GPFS system in Spain
(4) Visualization at RZG system is
reading the output data produced by
the application from BSC GPFS
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
12
Global File System Interoperability demo during
Supercomputing Conference 2005 in Seattle
American and European supercomputing infrastructures linked:
bridging communities with scalable, wide-area global file systems
DEISA Sites
TeraGrid Sites
Amsterdam, NL
Jülich, DE
Argonne, IL
Orsay,FR
Garching,DE
Bloomington , IN
San Diego, CA
UrbanaChampaign , IL
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
Bologna, IT
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
13
Basic services: workflow simulations using
UNICORE
UNICORE supports complex
simulations that are pipelined
over several heterogeneous
platforms (workflows).
UNICORE handles workflows as
a unique job and transparently
moves the output – input data
along the pipeline.
UNICORE clients that monitor
the application can run in laptops.
UNICORE has a user friendly
graphical interface. DEISA has
developed a command line
interface for UNICORE.
UNICORE infrastructure including all sites has full production status.
It has proven to be very stable during the last few months.
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
14
Other basic services
•
Job migration inside the AIX super-cluster. Based on LoadLeveler MultiCluster, it allows system administrators to reroute jobs to other sites, in a
way transparent for the end users. Used to move away simple jobs of
« implicit users » to make place for a bigger application in a site. Full
production status.
•
Co-allocation. We are starting to prepare a first generation co-allocation
service on the full heterogeneous infrastructure, using LSF Multi-cluster.
Important for coupled Grid aplications and for data movement. Service in
development phase, prototype expected in 6-9 months
•
Remote I/O using Global File Systems and fast data transfers. See next
transparency
•
Integrating hierarchical data management and databases in the
supercomputing Grid. In progress
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
15
Accessing remote data: high performance
remote I/O and file transfer
Remote I/O with global
file systems implicitly
moves data across platforms
(in production today)
DEISA will also deploy
explicit high performance
data movers, using GridFTP
DATA
REPOSITORY
GridFTP
Co-scheduled, parallel data
mover tasks
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
16
Summary
• DEISA provides an integrated supercomputing environment, with
efficient data sharing through high performance global file systems. This
is highly transparent to end users.
• DEISA enables job migration across sites (also transparent to end users).
Exceptional resources for very demanding applications are made
available by the operation of the global resource pool. We are load
balancing computational workload at a European scale.
• Huge, demanding applications can be run “as such”.
• Support of Grid applications (which are distributed by design).
• With this operational model, the DEISA super-cluster is not very different
from a “true” monolithic European supercomputer (which must be
partitioned in any case for fault tolerance and QoS).
• The main difference comes from the coexistence of several independent
administration domains. This requires, as in TeraGrid, coordinated
production environments.
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
17
UNICORE
UNICORE
UNiform Interface to COmputer Resources
Following material thanks to UNICORE team
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
18
Highlights
•
•
•
•
•
•
Excellent workflow support
Transparent data staging / transfer
Multi-site, multi-step jobs: heterogeneous meta-computing
Uniform user authentication and security mechanisms
The site maintains full control over their resources
UNICORE Client offers
– Uniform GUI for job creation and monitoring
– Easy integration of applications through plugins
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
19
History I
• Development started in 1997
• Projects UNICORE and UNICORE Plus
– Funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (until
12/2002)
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
20
History II
Developments in EC funded projects:
• EUROGRID (11/2000 – 01/2004)
–
–
–
•
IST-1999-20247
Resource broker, Standard based File Transfer (gridFTP)
Bio molecular simulations, Weather prediction, coupled CAE simulations, Structural analysis
GRIP (01/2002 – 02/2004)
–
–
IST-2000-32257
Interoperability between UNICORE and Globus (Integration of Globus maintained resources as
target system in UNICORE)
•
OpenMolGRID (09/2002 – 11/2004)
–
–
–
IST-2001-37238
Use UNICORE for molecular engineering
Focus on scientific workflows
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
21
History III
• Collaborators:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Intel GmbH (former Pallas GmbH)
Fujitsu Laboratory of Europe (former fecit)
Forschungszentrum Jülich
Deutscher Wetterdienst
Genias, RUS, RUKA, LRZ, PC2, ZHR, ZIB
CNRS-IDRIS (F), CSCS (CH),
GIE EADS CCR (F), ICM (PL), Parallab (N), Soton (UK), UoM
(UK), ANL (US), UT (EE), UU (UK), ComGenex (HU), Negri (I)
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
22
•
Features
–
–
–
–
Intuitive GUI with single sign-on
X.509 certificates for AA and job/data signing
only one opened port in firewall required
workflow engine for
•
•
•
–
–
–
–
–
–
complex multi-site
multi-step workflows
job monitoring
extensible application support
secure data transfer integrated
resource management
easy installation and configuration of client and server components
full control of resources remains
production quality, …
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
23
Software Status I
•
•
•
•
Current version 5.6 (Client) / 4.6 (Server)
User Client is platform independent (Java)
Servers (Unix)
Target systems (Unix)
– “no batch“
– T3E, SP3, VPP, hpcLine, SR 8000, SX-5,
PC-Clusters, … , Globus 2.x as targets
– NQS, LL, LSF, PBS, CCS, SGE, ...
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
24
Software Status II
•
UNICORE available at SourceForge
as OpenSource under BSD license
•
http://unicore.sourceforge.net
•
UNICORE Forum e.V.
•
http://www.unicore.org
•
Public test system for testing (standard) client functions available
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
25
Deployment
•
At all project partner sites
•
DEISA sites (IDRIS, CINECA, RZ Garching, ...)
•
Naregi project (Japan)
•
…
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
26
UNICORE Architecture
UNICORE
Client
The UNICORE Grid
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
27
ARCHITECTURE
Client
SSL
Multi-Site
Jobs
opt. Firewall
Gateway
NJS
Authorization
Authentication
NJS
Abstract
opt. Firewall
Gateway
opt. Firewall
NJS
UUDB
UUDB
IDB
IDB
Incarnation
IDB
TSI
TSI
NonAbstract
TSI
RMS Disc
RMS Disc
RMS Disc
Vsite
Vsite
Vsite
Usite
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
Authorization
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
Usite
28
Client
Usites
Job
Preparation
Workflow
Management
Job
Monitoring
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
Vsites
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
29
UNICORE Server
• Gateway
• Network Job Supervisor
– Configuration
– UNICORE User Data Base
• Target System Interface
• Demo package containing preconfigured components available
on
sourceforge.net/projects/unicore
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
30
Server Components
Gateway
conf
conf
Network Job Supervisor
UUDB
UNICORE User DB
Target System Interface
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
31
Server Prerequisites
• Gateway and NJS:
– Java  1.4.2
– X.509 certificates for Gateway and NJS
– Signer certificate(s)
• TSI:
– Perl ( 5.004)
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
32
Gateway
• Entry point of a UNICORE Site
• Accepts SSL connections from Clients and NJSs
• Accepts valid certificates from all signers known to it
(authentication)
• Talks UNICORE Protocol Layer (UPL) on connections to the
outside world
• Sends/receives AJOs to/from the NJSs
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
33
Gateway connections
Gateway
gateway.properties
gw.gateway_host_name=<host name>
gw.port=<port>
conf
connections
<Vsite name> <NJS machine> <NJS port>
conf
Network Job Supervisor
UUDB
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
UNICORE User DB
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
34
Network Job Supervisor
(NJS)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
UNICORE scheduler
Receives/sends AJOs from/to local Gateway
Translates AJO into batch job for target
Maps the user’s Ulogin to Xlogin
Sends sub-AJOs to corresponding Gateway according to
dependencies
Polls for status and output of sub-AJOs
Sends batch jobs and requests to TSI
Polls TSI for job status and output
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
35
NJS Connections
Gateway
conf
Admin
NJS
conf
UUDB
connections
njs.properties
njs.gateway=<host name>
njs.vsite_name=<name>
njs.gateway_port=<port>
njs.admin_port=<port>
UNICORE User DB
TSI
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
36
Incarnation Data Base
Static definitions and translation table,
contains definitions for
•
GENERAL properties (file spaces, descriptions, …)
•
EXECUTION_TSI (host + ports, resources, batch queues, …)
•
STORAGE_TSI (for file transfers and management)
•
RUN (translation rules for target)
•
IMPORT, EXPORT, CLEANUP, LIST_DIRECTORY, RENAME, COPY_FILE,
DELETE_FILE, CHANGE_PERMISSIONS
•
FORTRAN, LINK
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
37
UNICORE User Data Base
•
Management of Ulogin – Xlogin mapping information
•
NJS accesses this information
•
Basic version allows to map one certificate to exactly one Xlogin
•
NJS to UUDB interface defined to adapt to site specific user data
bases (i.e. ldap)
•
http://www.unicore.org/downloads.htm  contributions offers an alternative uudb with
certificate-projectid pairs being mapped to Xlogins
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
38
NJS connections
Gateway
conf
Admin
NJS
conf
connections
njs.properties
njs.gateway=<host name>
njs.vsite_name=<name>
njs.gateway_port=<port>
njs.admin_port=<port>
njs.idb
SOURCE <TSI machine> <port1> <port2>
UUDB
UNICORE User DB
TSI
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
39
Target System Interface
•
Interface to target operating and batch system
•
Perl scripts and modules
•
Needs root privileges to act on behalf of the user (uses setreuid)
•
Provides interface to local system for
– Job submission
– Status query, job monitoring
– File handling
– …
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
40
Example: Submit.pm
$jobname
=
$2 if $1 eq "JOBNAME";
$outcome_dir
=
$2 if $1 eq "OUTCOME_DIR";
$uspace_dir
=
$2 if $1 eq "USPACE_DIR";
$time
=
$2 if $1 eq "TIME";
$memory
=
$2 if $1 eq "MEMORY";
$nodes
=
$2 if $1 eq "NODES";
…
$memory
= "-lM $memory"."Mb";
my $command
= "$main::submit_cmd $queue $nodes $email $memory $time
$jobname $stdout_loc $stderr_loc $Submit::tsi_unique_file_name";
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
41
TSI connections
njs.properties
NJS
conf
UUDB
TSI
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
njs.idb
SOURCE <TSI machine> <port1> <port2>
UNICORE User DB
tsi.properties
$main::njs_machine = shift || "NJS host";
$main::njs_port = shift || "port1";
$main::my_port = shift || “ port2”;
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
42
Overview: Server
connections
Client
NJS
SSL
Client
Gateway
Plain
sockets
TSI
SSL or
plain socket
NJS
TSI
Client
Admin
idb:
gw.port
+ Client Usite list
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
njs.admin_port
host p1 p2
njs.gateway_port SOURCE
+ tsi script
+ GW connections file
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
43
Firewall Issues
•
Client  Gateway
–
–
–
•
Gateway  NJS
–
–
•
Internet
Allow connections to Gateway for https protocol on the port the Gateway is listening on
Client side has to allow for outgoing traffic on any port
Intranet
All connections from Gateway to NJS system and NJS’s Gateway port
NJS  TSI
–
–
–
Intranet
All connections from NJS to TSI system and TSI’s NJS port
All connections from TSI to NJS system and NJS’s TSI port
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
44
Current Trends and a look
into the UNICORE future...
• Web services for interoperability
• “open up“ the architecture
• ...but keep the UNICORE strenghts
– abstraction and virtualisation
– workflows
– easy application integration
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
45
Acronyms I
Usite
Vsite
Ujob
Ulogin
Xlogin
Uspace
Xspace
Nspace
Site providing UNICORE services
Computing resource, target system
UNICORE Job
UNICORE Login, X.509 certificate
Unix Login at Vsite
Temporary file space for Ujob at Vsite
File space at the Vsite
File space on the computer where Client runs
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
46
Acronyms II
AJO
UPL
NJS
Incarnation
IDB
UUDB
TSI
JPA
JMC
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
Abstract Job Object
UNICORE Protocol Layer (Client – Gateway)
Network Job Supervisor
Transl. of AJO into batch job using IDB
Incarnation Data Base
UNICORE User Data Base
Target System Interface
Job Preparation Agent, part of Client
Job Monitor Controller, part of Client
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
47
meets
FZJ users
CNE users
RZG users
IDR users
CSC users
SARA users
BSC users
LRZ users
DEISA FZJ
gateway
DMZ
DEISA CNE
gateway
DMZ
DEISA RZG
gateway
DMZ
DEISA IDR
gateway
DMZ
DEISA CSC
gateway
DMZ
DEISA SARA
gateway
DMZ
DEISA BSC
gateway
DMZ
DEISA LRZ
gateway
DMZ
CNE NJS
RZG NJS
CSC NJS
SARA NJS
BSC NJS
FZJ NJS
intranet
intranet
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
intranet
IDR NJS
intranet
intranet
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
intranet
intranet
LRZ NJS
intranet
48
UNICORE Security
•
•
•
•
•
•
Security model based on X509 public key infrastructure
Credential consists of a public and a private key
No userid and password authentication
Password protected keystore
Single sign on
UNICORE accepts following private key formats:
– RSA (pkcs12)
•
E.g. Openssl 0.9.7x
– Java keystore (jks)
•
•
•
SUN Java
Certificates provided e.g. by DFN CA
Two server site security entities:
– Gateway – Authentication
– NJS – Authorisation
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
49
UNICORE Security - Client
• Access to password protected keystore
• Encrypted Keystore contains all imported certificate(s) and the
user‘s private key(s)
• UNICORE Keystore editor allows to
– Generate a X509 certificate request
– Import/export .p12 or .jks keystores
– Import public keys
• The User has to import (at least) three certificates into the
Client
– Pluginsigner‘s certificate (public key)
– Gateway signer‘s certificate (public key)
– User‘s signed public key
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
50
UNICORE Security: Gateway
• Gateway authenticates the user
• Following checks are performed on certificates presented by a
client
– Certificate is issued by one of the trusted CA (e.g. DFN-CA)
– Certificate is within its validity period
– Certificate has not been revoked (if check for Certification Revocation Lists
(CRL) is activated)
• Gateway accepts only SSL connections from Clients and other
NJSs
– SSL-Handshake
• Optional SSL connection between Gateway and NJS
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
51
Behind the scenes: Authentication
Client
send user certificate
Gateway
send gateway certificate
User
Certificate
establish SSL connection
Trust gateway
certificate issuer?
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
Gateway
Certificate
Trust user
certificate issuer?
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
52
UNICORE Security: NJS
• NJS authorizes the user
• Access the UNICORE user Database (UUDB)
– Maps the user‘s certificate to his xlogin on the target system
• Only users presenting certificates stored in the UUDB can
connect to the target system
• NJS authorises other NJSs
• Explicit UUDB entry
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
53
Behind the Scenes: Authorisation
Certificate 1
Typical
UNICORE
User
Client
Login A
Login B
Certificate 2
Login C
Certificate 3
Login D
Gateway
Certificate 4
Certificate 5
Login E
AJO
User Certificate
User Certificate
UUDB
NJS
IDB
User Login
TSI
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
54
UNICORE Job
• Job contains
– Sub-jobs and tasks
– Dependency information
• Without dependencies all tasks of a job are executed in “parallel”
– Workflow: doN, loops, if-then-else
– Target system location
• Tasks are translated into batch jobs for the destination system
by the servers (NJSs)
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
55
Abstract Job Object (AJO)
•
Abstract, target system independent representation of a job
•
Specifies actions to be performed by UNICORE
–
Execute task
–
File transfer task
–
Control task
•
Contains dependency graph
•
Contains resource requests (nodes, memory, time, ...)
•
Contains data set descriptions for data to be streamed
•
Realised as Java classes
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
56
@
• Open Source under BSD license
• Supported by FZJ
– Integration of own results and
from other projects
– Release Management
– Problem tracking
– CVS, Mailing Lists
– Documentation
– Assistance
• Viable basis for many projects
– DEISA, UniGrids, NaReGI, …
• http://unicore.sourceforge.net
Amsterdam, 28 June 2006
DEISA UNICORE tutorial
57