Chapter 8 Review Questions
p.302-303
1. List three factors that assist the flow of blood through the veins. (3 marks)
-above the heart, gravity pulls blood back down to the heart
-below the heart, muscle contractions push on the veins and force blood
back towards the heart
-one-way valves also prevent the backflow of blood
2. Create a flow chart to trace the flow of blood through the heart. Start with
the superior vena cava and end as blood enters the aorta. Include the name
of all valves in the heart in your flow chart. (5 marks – lose 0.5 marks for
each incorrect box)
Superior
vena cava
Pulmonary
veins
Left
atrium
Right
atrium
lungs
bicuspid
valve
tricuspid
valve (AV
valve)
Pulmonary
arteries
Left
ventricle
Right
ventricle
Right
semilunar
valve
Left
semilunar
valve
3. Use a flow chart to explain the electrical activity in a mammalian heart.
Relate the events to specific regions of the heart muscle. (5 marks)
Signal from the SA node (located in the wall of the right atrium) 
The two atria contract simultaneously 
Signal reaches AV node 
AV node transmits signal through bundle of His 
aorta
Purkinje fibres initiate simultaneous contraction of the right and left
ventricles (starting at the apex) forcing blood towards the pulmonary artery
and aorta
6. List three functions of the blood, and identify the cells involved in each. (3 marks)
-transport oxygen from the lungs to cells - red blood cells
-transport carbon dioxide from cells to lungs – primarily plasma; some in red
blood cells
-fight infection (part of immune system) – white blood cells
-initiate blood clotting (maintaining homeostasis) – platelets
-regulating body temperature (maintaining homeostasis) – plasma
(countercurrent heat exchange)
7. Describe the three primary pathways taken by the blood. (3 marks)
Coronary pathway – route taken by blood to the heart muscle itself
Pulmonary circulation – route taken by the blood between the heart and the
lungs
Systematic circulation – route taken by the blood fro the heart to the rest of
the body
10. Describe the role of T cells in the body’s response to infectious agents. (3 marks)
A T cell that has a receptor for the particular antigen attaches to the
macrophage and then goes through a process of rapid cell division. This
produces a number of types of T cells: The Helper T cells give off chemicals
that stimulate other macrophages, B cells, and other T cells. Cytotoxic (Killer)
T cells bind to other cells that have been infected and destroy them.
Suppressor T cells slow and stop the process of cellular immunity, white
memory T cells remain in the bloodstream to promote faster response in the
same antigen appears again.
14. You and your friends are sitting in a hot tube after a day of outdoor activity.
What do you predict is happening to your circulatory system? (2 marks)
When the body’s internal environment becomes too warm, the body must be
able to rid itself of heat in order to maintain a constant internal temperature.
Blood transports heat from where it is formed by cellular respiration and
muscular activity, or sitting in a hot tub, to the blood vessels in the skin.
Under the control of the nervous system, these vessels dilate to increase the
amount of heat that can be lost form the skin. This process is called
vasodilation.
17. Sketch cross sections of arteries, veins, capillaries and lymph vessels. Compare
and contrast them. (4 marks – 1 for drawing, 3 for three comparisions)
Artery
3
Vein
3
Capillary
1
Elasticity
Valves
Very
No
Not very
Yes
No
No
Function
Transport
blood away
from the heart
Transport
blood towards
the heart
Gas and
nutrient
exchange
Number of
layers
Lymph Vessel
Lymph
capillaries 1
cell thick
No
Yes (larger
vessels)
Drain excess
fluid from
tissues and
return to
cardiovascular
system
21. Imagine that you work in a hospital. You see on a patient’s chart that she has
type B blood, and she is about to receive blood from a donor blood container labeled
type B. As an extra precaution, you mix a sample of patient’s blood with the donor
blood on a glass slide. You observe that agglutination occurs. You need to discover
whether it is the patient’s chart of the blood container that is in error. You have
access to samples of blood types A, AB, and O, but there is no more type B blood
stored in the blood bank.
a) Prepare a table illustrating the results that you would expect to see if you
combine type B blood with each of the other blood types you have available. (3
marks)
Blood Type Samples
A (anti-B antibodies)
AB (no anti-A or anti-B antibodies)
O (anti-A and anti-B antibodies)
Results after mixing Blood Type B
with Samples
Agglutination
No agglutination
agglutination
b.) If it turns out that the blood container’s in error, what other blood type could be
used instead of type B? (1 mark)
If the patient has blood type B, then blood type O could be used for the
transfusion, provided that the Rh factor is also compatible.