1 U.S. Map 2 U.S. Map Labelled
3 Western Hemisphere 4 Eastern Hemisphere
5 Comparing Early Civilizations 6 Journal Entry 1
7 Cultures of North America
9 The Influence of Trade
11 Europeans on the Rise
8 Journal Entry 2
10 The Map of Riches!
12 DBQ Analysis: World’s Collide
21
23
25
27
29
13 The Age of Exploration
15 Spain’s Empire
17
19
31
33
14 Journal Entry 3
16 The Encomienda System
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34

Based on the slides, describe the and answer the terms and questions below.
Define & Answer
Hernando Cortes
Montezuma
Francisco Pizarro
Where did they expand their rule?
How was the new way
Of life under Spanish
Colonization?
EQ : How did the Age of Exploration negatively impact the world?

• Cortez was a conquistador from Spain who travelled to
Mexico after arriving in Cuba.
• On a hunt for Gold and Glory, he found the Aztec empire.
• Cortez was offered Gold by
Montezuma, and wanted more. He also tried to convert the “savage” Aztecs to the
Christian God.

• Montezuma was the King of the Aztecs and had heard rumors of deadly foreigners searching for
Gold.
• He anticipated Cortez’s wants and gave it to him, only to be CAPTURED AND KILLED.
• The Aztecs fought back, but a year later, Cortez came back and recaptured Tenochitlan using superior military strategies.
– The Europeans had much more advanced technology and the use of weapons, horses, and gathered the enemies of the Aztecs to gain an advantage

• Cortez was able to dominate the
Aztecs by borrowing strategies from Pizarro
• Pizarro won against the Incas in
1532
• On a search for Gold, he led 170 soldiers into the jungles
• He found the Incas and held their ruler Atahualpa for a ransom.
• He got paid, he killed the ruler anyway, and in turn conquered the leaderless Incas.

• Juan Ponce de Leon – La Florida (the first
Spaniard to step in what is now the U.S.)
– He didn’t find any gold in today St. Pete, so continued north to only get attacked by natives
– 80 survivors led by Nunez Cabeza de Vaca continued on to the Texas coast
– Those who didn’t die from disease (15) were enslaved by natives. 4 including Cabeza de Vaca survived, bringing home stories of the City of Gold
• Francisco Coronado – New Mexico, Arizona,
Texas, and Kansas
• Hernando de Soto – As far north as the Carolinas, westward to Ohio, and as south as Louisiana

• Conquistadors were able to govern their own land at first
• Native Americans would work in gold & silver mines (deadly), ranches and plantations
• The Spanish granted encomiendas (can force
Natives to work and pay taxes)
• Many natives were treated poorly, but a priest,
Bartolome de Las Casas spoke out for them.
– He created missions to convert the Natives to
Christianity

• Native Americans continued dying from European diseases and became a poor tool for labor
• In 1517, the African Slave Trade began
• A rigid/strict social class system began and your status was based on birthplace and ethnicity.
– The peninsulares were on top since they were
Spaniards born in Spain
– Creoles were Spaniards born in the colonies and were just below the peninsulares
– Those who were mixed Spanish and native were
Mestizos
– Below Mestizos were Mulattos, those of Spanish and
African descent, keeping the African slaves on the bottom of the social pyramid.