Skin and Body Membranes (Ch. 4)
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What are the three major divisions of the skin and what is their position relative to the other? Ex.
Epidermis is superficial to dermis.
Be able to label the diagram of a section of skin and be able to label the epidermal layers.
Know location and function of following:
o Dermal papilla, meissner’s corpuscle, free nerve ending, capillary loop
What are the epidermal layers and characteristics of each layer? What are their positions relative
to the other layers?
What are the main cell types found in the epidermis?
What are melanocytes and pigment do they produce? What color is the pigment they produce?
What are the specific characteristics of each epidermal layer?
What are the two layers of the dermis and what is their relationship to one another?
Which three pigments contribute to skin color? What color is each pigment and what is the source
of each pigment?
What are the two types of sweat glands and their characteristics and functions?
What is a sebaceous gland and what does it produce and what are its characteristics?
What types of cells are hair and nails composed of? What type of tissue can they be classified as?
What is the structure of hair and its functions and associated structures (hair follicle, arrector pili,
etc)?
What are the six functions of the integument?
Types, appearances and characteristics of skin cancer.
Types of burns and their characteristics.
The Cardiovascular System (Ch. 11)
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Microscopic anatomy of a cardiac muscle cell
Structure and Location of the Heart
o Apex and base
o 4 chambers and 4 valves (and their location and function
o Layers of the heart wall
o pericardial layers
o papillary muscles, chordae tendinae
o Pulmonary vs. Systemic blood circulation
o What is the coronary circulation? What are the first branches of the aorta?
Electrical Conductivity of the Heart
o Components of the nodal system.
o Direction of electrical impulses through the nodal system.
o What is an EKG and what event does each wave represent?
The cardiac cycle
o Systole and diastole. What are they and what is happening during each?
o What is systolic and diastolic pressure?
o What is cardiac output?
o What is an average value for cardiac output?
Developmental aspects of the heart
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Foramen ovale
Fossa ovalis
Disorders
o Angina pectoris
o Myocardial infarction
o Hypo and hypertension
o Tachycardia and bradycardia
o Myocardial infarction
o Arrhythmia
o Fibrillation
o Congestive heart failure
Blood Vessels
 Structural and functional differences between arteries and veins
 Capillaries. What two forces work to move material across capillary walls? What creates these
two forces and whcich one dominates on the arterial end of a capillary bed? Venous end?
 Blood Vessels of the body listed on your lecture outline.
 Recall: Veins carry blood towards the heart, Arteries carry blood away from the heart
 Branches of aortic arch
 Major branches of the descending and abdominal aorta and areas/organs they serve.
 Know how to trace blood flow from the heart out to the arms & feet
 Special Circulations
i. Hepatic portal system.
ii. Circle of Willis