ACIDS, BASES and
SALTS
My numbering system
Slide title: A, B, C…
- Points on a slide: 1, 2, 3,
- How to find it on your
note handout: A1, A2, B1,
B2…
A. What you need to know?
A1. What is a/an acid, base,
salt?
A2. How to name them
A3. Acid, base, salt properties
A4. Identify at least 3 products
that are acids, bases, and
salts used in daily life
B. Common Acids
Name
Formula
Organic(= Carbon-containing) acids
acetic acid (vinegar)
HC2H3O2
citric acid
HC6H7O2
ascorbic acid
HC6H7O6
lactic acid
HC3H5O3
acetylsalicylic acid
HC9H7O4
Inorganic (=no carbon) acids
sulfuric acid
H2SO4
carbonic acid
H2CO3
phosphoric acid
H3PO4
nitric acid
HNO3
hydrochloric acid
HCl
hydrobromic acid
HBr
hydrofluoric acid
HF
C. What is an acid?
C1. An acid is a
compound that accepts
a pair of electrons.
Usually, most acid have
+
proton (H ) in their
chemical formula
D.How to name acid
D1. Binary acids containing no oxygen
Hydro(element root)ic acid
e.g.
HF
HCl
HBr
HI
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrobromic acid
Hydroiodic acid
How to name acid (cont.)
D2. Oxoacids (oxygen-containing acids):
(Non-ate part)ic acid
Oxoacids
HClO3
HNO3
H2CO3
HBrO3
HIO3
HC2H3O2
Non-ate part
ChlorNitrCarbonBromIodAcet-
Names
Chloric acid
Nitric acid
Carbonic acid
Bromic acid
Iodic acid
Acetic acid
How to name acid (cont.)
D3. Oxoacids that are slight exceptions to the
naming rules of:
(Non-ate part) + ic acid
Oxoacids Non-ate part
Names
H2SO4
SulfSulfuric acid
H3PO4
PhosphPhosphoric acid
Try again
Naming binary acid
RULE 1: hydro(element root)ic acid
Examples:
HCl
is hydrochloric acid
HBr
is hydrobromic acid
HI
is hydroiodic
HF
is hydrofluoric acid
acid
Naming oxoacid
RULE 2:
-ATE becomes -IC acid
Polyatomic ion
Corresponding acid
C2H3O2- is acetate
HC2H3O2 is acetic acid
NO3- is nitrate
ClO3- is chlorate
BrO3- is bromate
IO3- is iodate
HNO3 is nitric acid
HClO3 is chloric acid
HBrO3 is bromic acid
HIO3 is iodic acid
SO42- is sulphate
H2SO4 is sulphuric acid
CO32- is carbonate
H2CO3 is carbonic acid
PO43- is phosphate
H3PO4 is phosphoric acid
E. Common Acid Properties
• E1. Sour
• E2. Corrosive
• E3. Water-soluble
• E4. Good electricity
conductors
F. Acids in everyday life
F1.Phosphoric acid
(H3PO4)
F2.Citric acid
Also, ascorbic
acid (Vitamin C)
F. Acids in everyday life
F4. Cheese
(lactic acid)
F3. Aspirin
(acetylsalicylic acid)
F5.Sour milk (lactic acid)
F6. Sorbic Acid: a
preservative
G. Acids in the body
G1.Heartburn:
Caused by
HCl from the
stomach
comes back
up the
esophagus
H. Bee Sting and Formic Acid
Formic
Acid
BASES
I. Common Bases
Name
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
Sodium bicarbonate
Potassium sulfite
Formula
NaOH
KOH
Al(OH)3
NH4OH
NaHCO3
K2SO3
J. What is a base?
J1. A base is a compound
which donate a pair of
electrons. Usually, most
bases are made up of a metal
ion and a hydroxide (OH-) in
their chemical formula
K-How to name bases?
Metal name first+ hydroxide
e.g
LiOH
Mg(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
Fe(OH)2
Lithium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Iron (II) hydroxide
L. Common Acid Properties
Bases:
• L1. are bitter
• L2. feel slippery
• L3. are water-soluble
• L4. are good electricity
conductors
M. Bases in everyday life
M1.Drain
cleaners
contains NaOH
M2. Windex
(NH3)
M3. Baking
soda
(NaHCO3)
N. What would you do if?
N1.Your car
battery acid
(H2SO4) is
spilled?
SALTS
O. What is a salt?
O1. Salts are ionic
compounds composed of
a metal ion and a nonmetal ion
O2. A salt is formed when
acid react with base
E.g. CuSO4
P. Applications of Salts
P1. Soaps and Detergents
P. Applications of Salts (cont.)
P2. Fertilizer (e.g.
Ammonium
sulfate,
magnesium
sulfate)
Q. Salt and our Canadian’s
weather
Q1. Why
put salt on
the
sidewalk
when it
snows?
Q. Salt and our Canadian’s
weather
Q1. Road
salt helps
reduce the
freezing
point of
snow
R. A Cultural Look at Food
Preservation
Table salts
• What are the most 2 interesting
things you find out about ACIDS
today?
• What are the most 2 interesting
things you find out about BASES
today?
• What are the most 2 interesting
things you find out about SALTS
today?